著者

齋藤 慈子

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.68.1.8, (Released:2018-06-08)

参考文献数

101

被引用文献数

2 1

---

Nobody would dispute that cats and dogs are the two most popular species of companion animals for humans. It is no wonder that dogs are often considered to be the best friends and adopted family members of human beings: They developed the high social ability to communicate with humans during the two species' long history of co-habitation. However, it seems strange that cats are in the same position as dogs in human society, because they are more individual and less social than dogs. This review first presents the history of cat domestication. Next, it discusses the reasons why cats are now human companion animals despite such a history. This paper will discuss the cognitive and behavioral characteristics in cats that promote human-cat interaction and the similarities between cats and humans. Finally, it will discuss the significance of the study of cats' sociality.

著者

松井 大

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.73.1.1, (Released:2023-05-15)

参考文献数

70

被引用文献数

1

---

Behavior is studied in several disciplines including psychology, ethology, and neuroscience. However, the definition of behavior has never been consistent not only across disciplines, but also between researchers within a field. The present article reviews this inconsistency and confusion both in the modern research fields and historical literatures. We find that the definitions of behavior are closely tied to the system of the fields, and the inconsistency of definitions rises from the differences of fields. As a result, the complete definition of behavior seems challenging. Instead of seeking for the complete definition, it is more productive to identify what makes definitions of behavior inconsistent. The article, thus, proposes three points to reduce the confusion accompanied by the inconsistency of the definitions: (1) stipulation of an organism as a whole and environment (2) internal-external distinction, and (3) formulation of the relationships between an organism and environment.

著者

齋藤 慈子

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.1, pp.77-88, 2018 (Released:2018-06-27)

参考文献数

101

被引用文献数

2 1

---

Nobody would dispute that cats and dogs are the two most popular species of companion animals for humans. It is no wonder that dogs are often considered to be the best friends and adopted family members of human beings: They developed the high social ability to communicate with humans during the two species' long history of co-habitation. However, it seems strange that cats are in the same position as dogs in human society, because they are more individual and less social than dogs. This review first presents the history of cat domestication. Next, it discusses the reasons why cats are now human companion animals despite such a history. This paper will discuss the cognitive and behavioral characteristics in cats that promote human-cat interaction and the similarities between cats and humans. Finally, it will discuss the significance of the study of cats' sociality.

著者

佐藤 綾

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.68.1.9, (Released:2018-06-08)

参考文献数

49

---

The guppy (Poecilia reticulata), a polyandrous livebearing fish, is a model organism in the study of sexual selection. This species exhibits sexual dimorphism, such as male body coloration (orange, black, or iridescence color spots). Although there is evidence of a preference for colorful males in female mate choice, a wide variation in male color patterns is found even in a population. Recently, there has been an increase in studies examining the postcopulatory processes involved in sperm competition and cryptic female choice in this species. If male traits that favor sperm competition and/or cryptic female choice correspond with traits preferred in female mate choice, then postcopulatory processes will reinforce the selection to colorful males. In contrast, if males with traits preferred by females are not favored by sperm competition and/or cryptic female choice, then postcopulatory processes will weaken the selection to colorful males. In this paper, I review studies of the relationships between male guppy coloration and female mate choice, sperm competition, and cryptic female choice, and discuss the possible factors that maintain the variation in male coloration.

著者

小倉 有紀子

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.73.1.2, (Released:2023-06-08)

参考文献数

19

著者

橘 亮輔

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.71.1.3, (Released:2021-04-10)

参考文献数

49

---

Song learning of songbirds provides us a unique opportunity to study detailed mechanisms for vocal learning in various species, including humans. Recent studies in the behavioral neuroscience field have shown accumulated evidence indicating that their song learning is based on reinforcement via the auditory feedback of their own voice. The present review introduces an experimental paradigm that can elicit additional learning in bird's songs as a response to perturbations in the auditory feedback with noise presentation. This paradigm, named the noise-avoidance (NA) experiment, is quite useful for understanding the mechanism for song learning. Here I summarize findings obtained from the NA experiments, and review the current understanding of behavioral and neuroscientific mechanisms for feedback-based vocal learning. Additionally, I discuss computational aspects of the NA behavior in light of the reinforcement learning framework, and how the NA paradigm can be associated with the operant conditioning.

著者

高木 佐保

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.123-137, 2023 (Released:2023-12-25)

参考文献数

77

---

Cats are now the most common companion animal in Japan. Cats have had a close relationship with humans for a long time, and sometimes there is human intervention from the earliest stages of development. In other words, they are often raised by humans rather than by their biological mother. Cats raised by humans may perform the same behaviors in humans that they do in their mother cats. This paper outlines cat parenting by biological parents and its mother-infant communication and human-cat "mother-infant" communication, followed by a summary of maternal-like behaviors exhibited by cats toward humans. The process of parenting by cats and the developmental stages of their offspring are outlined, followed by an explanation of the recently revealed role of the father and communication between mother and offspring. Regarding cat parenting by humans, the importance of the socialization period will be discussed, followed by an explanation of various forms of "motherinfant" communication. Then, after summarizing the mother-like behavior of cats toward humans, I will discuss whether cats show tolerance toward human children based on preliminary studies and my own experience. Finally, I summarized the differences between conspecific and inter-species communication and discuss future prospects.

著者

松井 大

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.1, pp.1-14, 2023 (Released:2023-06-21)

参考文献数

70

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Behavior is studied in several disciplines including psychology, ethology, and neuroscience. However, the definition of behavior has never been consistent not only across disciplines, but also between researchers within a field. The present article reviews this inconsistency and confusion both in the modern research fields and historical literatures. We find that the definitions of behavior are closely tied to the system of the fields, and the inconsistency of definitions rises from the differences of fields. As a result, the complete definition of behavior seems challenging. Instead of seeking for the complete definition, it is more productive to identify what makes definitions of behavior inconsistent. The article, thus, proposes three points to reduce the confusion accompanied by the inconsistency of the definitions: (1) stipulation of an organism as a whole and environment (2) internal-external distinction, and (3) formulation of the relationships between an organism and environment.

著者

杉本 親要

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.147-159, 2019 (Released:2019-12-18)

参考文献数

60

---

Cephalopod have large brain, lens eyes and numerous chromatophore. They accomplish observational learning with this information processing system. In spite of sharing the well-developed system, there are big variations for their cognitive ability among octopus and squid. Solitary and benthic octopus should have good spatial cognition with their long arms. On the other hand, gregarious and nektonic squid should have good communication ability with school members. Although knowledge about inter-individual relationship of squids will help deep understanding of communication, there are few information about schooling behavior of squid despite much accumulation of knowledge about octopus cognitive ability. This article reviews studies for schooling behavior of oval squid, Sepioteuthis lessoniana. Through social network analysis, basic structure of their inter-individual relationship is uncovered. Understanding of communication for squid with the knowledge about schooling behavior will contribute to understand evolution of cephalopod cognitive ability.

著者

大薗 博記

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.71.1.6, (Released:2021-06-14)

参考文献数

55

被引用文献数

1

---

Many studies suggest that cooperation in human societies has been achieved via peer interactions such as reward and punishment. As the group size is larger, however, it is difficult to maintain cooperation only by peer interactions. Instead, a centralized punishment system such as police governs large-scale societies and cooperation is maintained. In this paper, first, I explain why peer interactions have limitations to achieve large-scale cooperation and why centralized punishment system, which often includes social hierarchy, has superiority. Second, I discuss how social hierarchy can be formed and maintained. Considerable evidence indicates that hierarchy in humans is principally based both on dominance (coercive capacity based on strength and threat) and prestige (persuasive capacity based on skills, abilities, and knowledge). Some researchers argue that non-human animals also form hierarchy based on dominance, but only humans form stratification based on prestige. After introducing their argument, I would like to discuss how humans (and other animals) form hierarchy and achieve cooperation.

著者

今野 晃嗣 長谷川 壽一 村山 美穂

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.1, pp.19-35, 2014 (Released:2014-06-24)

参考文献数

78

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Individual animals show consistent differences in their behavioral tendencies. Some individuals are generally bolder, shyer, or more aggressive than others. This phenomenon is termed as animal personality or behavioral syndrome, and it has been observed in a wide range of animal species. In this article, we review the personality concepts and methodologies that has been used in two major study fields on this topic, i.e. the animal personality psychology and the behavioral syndrome research. Then, we shed light on how we can understand consistency in individual behavioral tendencies and how we can describe individual differences in animal behavior, by focusing on the differences and similarities between two study fields. Finally, we emphasize the importance of evolutionary framework for an integrated understanding of personality in non-human animals.

著者

松井 大

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.69.1.3, (Released:2019-05-30)

参考文献数

82

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Animal foraging behaviour has evolved in tight association with diverse forms of body structures species-specifically, because morphology shapes and affects perception, information processing, and subsequent motor control. Primates including humans possess skillful sensorimotor control such as tool-using, utilizing their arm-hand morphology. Birds also are capable of dexterous visually-guided behaviors despite the largely different body structures. This rises a question: what and how the body morphology constraints/facilitates behaviors in birds? The present article reviews research advance of sensorimotor control in birds. Specifically, it would be discussed about pecking, the analogous behavior to reaching and grasping in primates and tool-using. The author would suggest a research direction with the morpho-functional and embodiment views for comparative research on sensorimotor mechanisms underlying the dexterous foraging skills.

著者

橘 亮輔

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.1, pp.1-11, 2021 (Released:2021-06-22)

参考文献数

49

---

Song learning of songbirds provides us a unique opportunity to study detailed mechanisms for vocal learning in various species, including humans. Recent studies in the behavioral neuroscience field have shown accumulated evidence indicating that their song learning is based on reinforcement via the auditory feedback of their own voice. The present review introduces an experimental paradigm that can elicit additional learning in bird's songs as a response to perturbations in the auditory feedback with noise presentation. This paradigm, named the noise-avoidance (NA) experiment, is quite useful for understanding the mechanism for song learning. Here I summarize findings obtained from the NA experiments, and review the current understanding of behavioral and neuroscientific mechanisms for feedback-based vocal learning. Additionally, I discuss computational aspects of the NA behavior in light of the reinforcement learning framework, and how the NA paradigm can be associated with the operant conditioning.

著者

中尾 央 後藤 和宏

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.65.1.1, (Released:2015-02-07)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

1 2

---

This paper considers methodological problems in animal metacognition studies. After summarizing a variety of experimental designs to study animal metacognition, we review recent literature that were not included in Fujita (2010)'s more comprehensive review. We then examined Carruthers (2008; Carruthers and Rithie 2012)' skeptic argument against animal metacognition. He argued that no experiments thus far successfully exclude the possibility that animals, as well as human infants, elicit "metacognitive" responses without explicitly and consciously monitoring internal representations. We argued that newly developed experimental paradigms to study explicit memory processes could be a key to reject Caruuthers' skeptic argument and thus facilitate understanding how we access to the internal representations.

著者

LARRY J. YOUNG QI ZHANG

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.71.1.4, (Released:2021-05-17)

参考文献数

87

被引用文献数

9

---

Here we discuss the origins of diversity in social behavior by highlighting research using the socially monogamous prairie vole. Prairie voles display a rich social behavioral repertoire involving pair bonding and consoling behavior that are not observed in typical laboratory species. Oxytocin and vasopressin play critical roles in regulating pair bonding and consoling behavior. Oxytocin and vasopressin receptors show remarkable diversity in expression patterns both between and within species. Receptor expression patterns are associated with species differences in social behaviors. Variations in receptor genes have been linked to individual variation in expression patterns. We propose that "evolvability" in the oxytocin and vasopressin receptor genes allows for the repurposing of ancient maternal and territorial circuits to give rise to novel social behaviors such as pair bonding, consoling and selective aggression. We further propose that the evolvability of these receptor genes is due to their transcriptional sensitivity to genomic variation. This model provides a foundation for investigating the molecular mechanisms giving rise to the remarkable diversity in social behaviors found in vertebrates.

著者

後藤 和宏 幡地 祐哉

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.1, pp.1-13, 2020 (Released:2020-08-03)

参考文献数

23

---

Automated touchscreen-based tasks are increasingly being used to explore a broad range of issues in learning and behavior in mice. Researchers usually report how they train mice before acquiring a target task concisely, and shaping protocols at this stage are typically flexible. In this report, we described a training protocol, developed in our laboratory, for mice acquiring a simultaneous discrimination performance using visual stimuli. C57BL/6N mice were first given magazine training. Nosepoke responses were then authoshaped and maintained on a continuous reinforcement schedule. Self-start response was then introduced in order to measure response time to complete each trial. The stimulus position was also varied across trials. We finally examined the contrast discrimination performance. Mice were tested with four different contrast ratios. Target stimuli were white and black targets and the brightness of distractors had values between targets and background. All mice successfully went through all training stages, confirming that this training protocol is promising for shaping appropriate discriminative behaviors in mice.

著者

大北 碧

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.69.1.6, (Released:2019-06-24)

参考文献数

87

被引用文献数

1

---

The saying "A dog (Canis familiaris) is man's best friend" and the term Jinba ittai (describing the connection between a horse [Equus caballus] and a human) express the affinitive interactions between humans and these animals. In this paper regarding psychology of learning, these interspecies interactions were considered to indicate that human behaviors change behaviors of these animals and vice versa. Such mutual influence is possible because humans and these animals have innate cognitive systems that allow them to process each other's behaviors, and because humans and these animals learn each other's behaviors. Thus, studies that investigated these cognitive systems and such learning were reviewed. Next, we looked at studies that examined these interspecies interactions during rearing or training. Finally, the reason why humans not only feel that dogs and horses can interact with them but also experience affinitive relationships with these animals was discussed. The innate and learned factors involved in the construction of these relationships were considered.

著者

瀧本 彩加

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.67.1.4, (Released:2017-05-17)

---

Recently, there have been more and more chances to talk about our study in English even in domestic conferences, symposiums or workshops in Japan. However, unfortunately, almost all of us have not received enough training for making English presentation yet. Therefore, I would like to introduce the very basics of pronunciation, making slides, way of talking and answering questions from the audience to help beginners through their first English oral presentation.

著者

後藤 和宏

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.68.2.1, (Released:2018-05-31)

参考文献数

2

著者

菊水 健史

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.67.1.1, (Released:2017-04-25)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

2

---

During domestication/evolution process of dogs, dogs have acquired human-like nonverbal communication skills, such as gaze and pointing following by humans, and gaze alternative behavior toward the owners. These skills, especially using eye gaze, are believed to promote the co-habituation of dogs in human society. Not only the communicative function of dog's eye-gaze with humans, it works as to form bonding between them. Eye-gaze from dogs to their owners increased urinary oxytocin, and the owner showed affiliative interactions with their dogs, which in turn, stimulate oxytocin release in dogs. Oxytocin is a hypothalamic neuropeptide stimulate maternal behavior as well as social interactions. Therefore, human and dogs can form a biological bonding via oxytocin positive loop in both sides. This type of positive loop was not observed in wolves, suggesting that dogs have acquired this function in their domestication process. Future behavioral genetic research will reveal the critical genes responsible for human-dog interaction, which would shed a light on the critical questions; "why", "how" and "when" dogs become a Man's best friend.