著者

Isamu KAYANE

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.98, no.2, pp.128-138, 1989-04-25 (Released:2009-11-12)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

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Both river and groundwater are mode of occurrence of water in the hydrologic cycle. Relation between river water and groundwater are discussed on the basis of groundwater flow system, whose water table configuration is controlled by the topography and the distribution of specific flux within the system by the geology. Examples of the relation are shown for sand dunes, mountains composed of permeable rocks, volcanoes, hills, uplands, alluvial fans and lowlands.

著者

Kayori MAENO Hiroo OHMORI Jun MATSUMOTO Taiichi HAYASHI

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.113, no.4, pp.512-523, 2004-08-25 (Released:2009-11-12)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

2 1

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This paper analyzes the characteristics of daily precipitation during the monsoon season from June to September for 21 years from 1976 to 1996 in Nepal, which is situated in the southern Himalaya. The average monsoon precipitation, and the number of rainy days in Nepal are 1, 410 mm, and 73 days, respectively. On the basis of the total monsoon precipitationand the number of rainy days, 1978, 1984, and 1985 are classified as wet years, and 1977, 1979, and 1992 are classified as dry years. Nepal is divided into six regions on the basis of the statistical characteristics of total monsoon precipitation and number of rainy days.On the other hand, the distribution pattern of 5-year probable rainfall in Nepal, is considerably different from that of average monsoon precipitation. Five-year probable rainfall is small in northern Nepal, and becomes large toward the south. On the basis of 5-year probable rainfall, which is regarded to be the threshold value of heavy rainfall in Nepal, heavy rainfall occurred more frequently in 1981 and 1987. These years did not agree with the wet years based on total precipitation and number of rainy days, indicating that the occurrence of heavy rainfall that causes water hazards in Nepal does not synchronize with wet years.

著者

田近 英一

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地學雜誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.116, no.1, pp.79-94, 2007-02-25

参考文献数

86

被引用文献数

3 1

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Liquid water on the surface of the Earth might have frozen entirely at least 3 times during the history of the Earth (650 Ma, 700 Ma, and 2.2 Ga). Assuming such extreme conditions, the snowball Earth hypothesis explains several unusual geological features associated with glacial deposits in the Proterozoic glaciations. Life should, however, have faced serious crises during these glaciations because liquid water is necessary for life. In particular, survival of photosynthetic algae, which are supposed to have appeared before the Neoproterozoic glaciations, might have been difficult if the surface water froze completely. There would have been refugia for life during the global glaciations. Life could have survived if the equatorial ocean was not completely frozen (soft-snowball condition), or equatorial sea ice might have been very thin (on the order of 10 meters). Even if these conditions were not achieved, life could have survived in shallow hot springs around volcanic islands. It would be much more difficult for eumetazoa to survive such severe conditions if they appeared before the Neoproterozoic glaciations as suggested by molecular clock studies. The appearance of eumetazoa after the last global glaciation (Marinoan glaciation), as suggested by the paleontological record, however, avoids this problem.

著者

加瀬 友喜

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地學雜誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.105, no.4, pp.512-525, 1996-08-25

参考文献数

18

著者

鈴木 毅彦

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.116, no.3, pp.Plate1-Plate2, 2007

著者

町田 洋 光谷 拓実

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地學雜誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.103, no.4, pp.424-425, 1994-08-25

被引用文献数

1 7

著者

川澄 隆明

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地學雜誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.103, no.3, pp.295-300, 1994-06-25

著者

植村 癸巳男

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.11, pp.520-533_1, 1933

著者

徳仁 親王

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.123, no.4, pp.389-400, 2014

被引用文献数

3

著者

Mori Jim 加納 靖之

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地學雜誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.118, no.3, pp.492-498, 2009-07-07

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1 9

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2006年5月26日に発生したジョグジャカルタ地震による地震動が,250km離れたインドネシアのSidoarjo泥火山の噴出を誘発した可能性について検討した。この泥火山は2006年5月から噴出を続けている。泥火山の近傍で生じた流体圧変化と地震発生の時間的な一致から,地震波がこの地域の地下流体の状態に影響を与えたことが示唆される。別の同規模の地震のデータを用いて,地震波による応力変化の大きさを見積った。応力変化はごくわずか(0.005から0.010MPa)であったが,他の地域であればこの程度の応力変化でも微小地震を誘発した場合がある。地震の数分後に流体圧変化が生じたようであり,これは地下流体が地震動に対して応答したことを示していると考えられる。2006年ジョグジャカルタ地震は,Sidoarjo泥火山で小さな流体圧変化をひきおこした可能性があるが,これが泥火山の噴出開始に直接関係しているかどうか評価することは困難である。

著者

蔵田 延男

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.6, pp.325-340, 1965

被引用文献数

1

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Since 1946, the exploration used every kinds of prospecting methods to discover groundwater courses in the lava-flows had been practiced on the extensive lower slopes of Mt. Fuji. In this report, the historical explanations and my dearest datum collected extending over past eighteen years are disclosed.<BR>There are several paragraphs, on the geophysical prospecting in large scale derived from the first jointing exploration of 1947, on the adventurous borings to find out the subterranean river in the Mishima lava-flow, on the successful explorations used electric prospecting by the Department of Agriculture and Forestry, on the investigation for Kakitagawa springs as the biggest spring in Japan, on the salt-water encroachment in the artesian aquifer on the southern foot of Mt. Fuji and on the troublesome study to research the hydrogeological connection between the Lake Motosu and the other lakes on the northern foot of the same.

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.153a-154, 1905

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.12, pp.654a-654a, 1890

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.122a-123, 1929

著者

松井 圭介

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.123, no.4, pp.451-471, 2014

被引用文献数

4

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The distribution and landscape of temples and shrines and their functions in the City of Edo are examined, and urban structures constructed based on mystical and religious aspects of spatial design are evaluated.<br> The five key findings of this study are:<br> 1. A city design modeled on <i>Heiankyou</i> (ancient Kyoto) was applied to the construction of the City of Edo, and was arranged according to four directions and their connections with gods. This model was meant to protect the City of Edo not only militarily, but also in magical and religious ways. In particular, large temples and <i>chinju-sha</i> shrines, which were strongly associated with the Tokugawa shogunate family, were placed to face northeast/southwest—directions regarded as being unlucky—as well as towards places of execution and the locations of red-light districts in areas bordering the city. This placement created an extraordinary atmosphere in the city. Tokugawa Ieyasu was awarded a posthumous <i>shingo</i> (literally, a Shinto deity) title, "Tosho Daigongen," and was enshrined angled towards the North Star (i.e. <i>Nikko</i>) to protect the City of Edo. The attempt to harness these magical factors to protect and safeguard the City of Edo is one of its characteristics.<br> 2. Temples and shrines were under the control of the Tokugawa shogunate during the Edo Period, and the <i>Honmatsu-seido</i> (government-enforced main-branch temple system) was established through the enactment of <i>jiinhatto</i> (laws for temples). In addition, members of the public were forcibly linked to temples and shrines through their status as <i>danka</i> (temple supporters) under the <i>Terauke seido</i> (a system that compelled the public to become Buddhists). Through this administration of religion, temples were integrated into a system for maintaining social order as a marginal role in the mechanism of the Tokugawa shogunate.<br> 3. The temple and shrine estates as a whole were almost the same size as the space allocated for the townspeople, and occupied a large proportion of the City of Edo in terms of land use. Shrines increased rapidly in number as the city's population increased. As a result, control measures were introduced to restrict the establishment of temples in the city's central area, where strong demand had led to a severe land shortage, and these temples were instead almost forcibly moved to the suburbs. This tendency became more evident in city planning after the Great Fire of Meireki in 1657; subsequently, new "towns of temples" were created in districts such as Asakusa, Shitata, and Mita.<br> 4. The rapid expansion of urban areas in the City of Edo led to religious facilities using their precincts as places to lease land and rent houses. As a result, new <i>monzen-machi</i> (temple towns) were created within the precincts of large temples, and some of these towns developed into entertainment districts, housing performing arts and drama facilities.<br>(View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.69a-69a, 1909

著者

三野 與吉

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.5, pp.256-267, 1931

被引用文献数

1

著者

吉田 明夫

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地學雜誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.103, no.3, pp.201-206, 1994-06-25

被引用文献数

1 1

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Correlation between earthquakes in Kanto region and intermediate-depth earthquakes in Hida region, central Japan is re-investigated. We found that a significant correlation exists between earthquakes with depth of 70 km and deeper in western Kanto and intermediate-depth earthquakes in Hida region, but such a correlation is not seen for earthquakes in eastern Kanto. This result shows that earthquakes occurring in the Pacific slab are well correlated each other, but earthquakes which occur in relation to the subduction of the Philippine Sea plate are not correlated with intermediate-depth earthquakes in the Pacific plate. Intermediate-depth earthquakes in Hida region have a tendency to precede earthquakes in western Kanto. This feature may be related to the dynamics of the plate motion which oceanic plate is pulled by the subducted slab.

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.4, pp.284-284, 1906

著者

藤井 理行

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地學雜誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.114, no.3, pp.445-459, 2005-12-25

被引用文献数

4

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This paper describes past climate and environmental changes during the past 101 to 105 year time scale obtained by recent studies on ice cores from Arctic and Antarctica. Shallow ice cores from Greenland and Svalbard show clear North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) signals and explosive volcanic activities in the Northern Hemisphere and the equatorial regions. A deep ice core drilled to 2503 m at Dome Fuji, Antarctica covers the past 320 ka, which includes 3 glacial-interglacial cycles with Milankovitch cycles of about 20, 40, and 100 ka. Major chemical compositions and microparticle flux show high concentrations in glacials and low concentrations in interglain high-middle latitudes during glacial-interglacial cycles. The Dome Fuji deep ice core contains 25 visible tephra layers. An analysis of the chemical compositions shows the possible source volcanoes in and around the Antarctica.