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出版者
国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構
雑誌
情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.11, pp.797-797, 2017-02-01 (Released:2017-02-01)
著者
大平 昌彦 青山 英康
出版者
日本衛生学会
雑誌
日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.6, pp.500-531, 1972-02-28 (Released:2009-02-17)
参考文献数
66
被引用文献数
14 19

In 1955, many babies who had drunk arsenic-tainted milk produced at the Tokushima Plant of the Morinaga Milk-Industry Company Ltd., suffered from serious poisoning. The number of victims ascertained in February, 1956 covering 27 prefectures in the western part of Japan was 12, 159, of whom 131 died.The disaster was caused by the process of manufacturing the powdered milk. Disodium phosphate was added as a stabilizer to make the milk easily soluble. This disodium phosphate was poorly purified, intended for non-food industrial use, and contained a toxic dose of arsenic, sodium arsenite and vanadium compounds etc.Shortly after the disaster, numerous medical reports were published. A committee organized by the Society for Child Health (the chairman was Prof. Nishizawa of Osaka University; so it was called the Nishizawa Committee), determined criteria for the diagnosis of the poisoning; but these criteria were inadequate and erroneous from several points of view. Strange to say, debates and publications about the disaster disappeared quickly after the report was published by the Health Department of Okayama Prefecture stating that the victims had recovered completely according to the criteria established by the Nishizawa Committee only one year after the disaster.Until 1969, when Prof. Maruyama et al., of Osaka University reported on victims whom they had visited, no study had been made to ascertain whether or not there were any after-effects of the poisoning. Much fault must be found with the Ministry of Health and Welfare, with the attitude of the Morinaga Company, and with the doctors concerned, for this neglect to follow-up such an unprecedented and large-scale disaster.In 1969, the authors managed to organize an epidemiological study group with several departments of Hiroshima University and the Department of Hygiene of Okayama University cooperating and have developed joint research on this disaster as follows:1. A follow-up survey was made among victims in Okayama Prefecture between December 1969 and April 1970. 214 people answered the questionnaire and 74 were given a medical examination.2. A prospective study was made on the basis of a questionnaire on clnical complaints collected at the time of the disaster in 1955.3. A comparative study was performed between the victims and their brothers and sisters.4. A comparative study was performed among handicapped children in institutions in Okayama Prefecture, who were born between January 1st, 1953 and December 31st, 1955. The children were divided into three groups, namely those who had consumed the arsenic-tainted milk, those who were brought up on different brands of powdered milk from different companies, and those fed only maternal milk.5. A comparative study was performed among all children born between January 1st, 1954 and December 31st, 1955 and brought up in Seno district in Hiroshima Prefecture which has a relatively stationary population and where good records had been kept of the physical growth and mental development of the children in the nursery, primary and junior high schools. The children were divided into the same three groups as mentioned above. This study was performed as a joint research project by the Departments of Public Health (Director: Prof. M. Tanaka), Orthopedics (Director: Prof. K. Tsuge), Ophthalmology (Director: Prof. T. Dodo) and Psychiatry and Neurology (Director: Prof. K. Sarai) of Hiroshima University Medical School and Deparment of Conservative Dentistry (Director: Prof. T. Inoue) of Hiroshima University Dental School, and Department of Hygiene (Director: Prof. M. Ohira) of Okayama University Medical School. All clinical examinations were conducted separately under the double blind method.6. The 124 cases of the children examined in the district of Senogawa town were discussed individually by the six medical doctors and five dentists who did the examinations.
著者
白石 昌也
出版者
東南アジア史学会
雑誌
東南アジア史学会会報
巻号頁・発行日
no.25, pp.1-3, 1975-07
著者
山田 吉二郎
出版者
北海道大学大学院国際広報メディア・観光学院 = Graduate School of International Media, Communication, and Tourism Studies, Hokkaido University
雑誌
国際広報メディア・観光学ジャーナル
巻号頁・発行日
no.7, pp.69-97, 2008

This paper aims at discussing Max Weber's methodology, specifically based on his essay "Objectivity in Social Science and Social policy". It is well known that Max Weber made continuous efforts to construct modern social science; his Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Wissenschaftslehre are full of highly suggestive ideas and concepts for students who are interested in methodology generally. If media studies is also expected to be one of genuine social and cultural sciences, every piece of Weber's thought will be important. Every social reality is unique, concrete and infinitely rich; we cannot grasp it without constructing "ideal type" which is not real image of reality, but its edited one. It will be shown that Weber's "ideal type" is composed of three ingredients, that is, economy, value and history.
著者
坂井 修一
出版者
国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構
雑誌
情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.11, pp.768-771, 2017-02-01 (Released:2017-02-01)

インターネットの利便性をこれまでになく享受し,ネット上に拡散する情報の力が革新的な発想を後押しすることも多い21世紀初頭は,同時に情報漏えいや権利侵害,依存といった弊害や危うさを露呈し始めた時代でもある。不可視だが確実に存在する脅威,ネットにつながっているゆえの不自由さをも見極める必要がある。現代の環境を冷静に認識し,今起きていることに対してどうふるまうべきか。現代思想・法曹・警察行政・迎撃技術・情報工学・サイバーインテリジェンス等のスペシャリストが,6回に分けて考える。第5回は情報理工学者で歌人の坂井修一氏が,「ソフトウェアに手足(アクチュエーター)と目鼻(センサー)がついたもの」という現在の世界を解析し,そこにおける人間のありよう,備えるべき教養,そして幸福を考える。
著者
山田 厳子
出版者
国立歴史民俗博物館
雑誌
国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 (ISSN:02867400)
巻号頁・発行日
no.54, pp.p267-294, 1993-11

通常とは違った特徴を持つ子どもが生まれることは民俗社会の中では歓迎されざることであった。そのことは、民俗社会の中で語られるさまざまな話の中からもうかがうことができる。しかしこのような子どもが却って富をもたらすと説明する話もある。ここでは現実との関わりによって語られる、しかも事実そのものとはいえない話(世間話)を例として検討しながら通常とは違う子どもに対する「過剰な意味づけ」を問うていきたいと考えている。「歓迎される」異常児として「福子」が、「忌避される」異常児として「鬼子」が挙げられる。「福子」には自身を犠牲にして「家」の繁栄をもたらすイメージがある。一方「鬼子」には「富」とともに「他界」からもたらされるイメージと、歓待されることによって「富」をもたらすイメージがある。異常児が、富とともに他界からもたらされるというイメージは、異常児の去来によって家の盛衰が決定されるという話へとつながるであろう。また異常児の誕生という不幸によって「富」の獲得という幸福とのバランスをとろうとする家の外部の者の心意もうかがうことができる。子どもの「異常」の説明のために「富」の推移が語られ、家の盛衰の説明のために「異常児」の誕生が語られたことが推測される。その際に「異常児」は家の盛衰と密接に結びついた霊的な存在と受け取られていたといえるであろう。It can be said that a child with a distinctive feature different from the normal was an unwelcome existence in the traditional folklore society of Japan. However, there are signs that, due to the distinctive feature which part it in the minority, such a child was regarded as an existence close to the Other World, determining the ups and downs of its family.In this paper, the author takes up stories regarding children connected with "wealth" from rumors called Seken-banashi (small talk), and aims to clarify the image people had of such children.When a child different from ordinary children is favorably accepted, it is called "Fukugo" (lucky child), literally meaning a child who brings happiness. However, if we look back to the origins of this tradition, we find that the "lucky child" was thought to bring happiness to the family through the sacrifice of the child itself. On the other hand, an unwelcomed "abnormal" child was called "Onigo" (devil child). Though a devil child was detested, it seems to have been believed that people would have a devil child after they had obtained wealth, or would be able to obtain wealth by welcoming a devil child.A child born with an abnormality was thought to be sent from the Other World, together with wealth. Therefore, stories about children who were born with an abnormality and left home were stories hinting at the decline of the fortunes of the family concerned.Also, in relation to wealth, there were examples in which people regarded children born with abnormalities as serving spirits to be used for the wealth of the family ; or identified such children with a dangerous god (God of Plague) bringing wealth to the families that welcomed the child.Rumors about children born with abnormalities can be considered to have arisen in two ways as follows : One was to explain, when a child was born with an abnormality, why such a child was born : The other was to see the reason for a sudden rise or decline in a family's fortunes in the birth of the abnormal child. In the latter case, there seems to have been examples in which the "abnormality" of the child was exaggerated more than necessary. The stories of children born with abnormalities should be examined with a wider vision, with consideration also given to rumors of "Zashikiwarashi" and animal spirits.
著者
北森 詩織 酒井 浩之 坂地 泰紀
出版者
The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
雑誌
電子情報通信学会論文誌 D (ISSN:18804535)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.J100-D, no.2, pp.150-161, 2017-02-01

本論文では,企業の決算短信PDFから,今後の業績に関する記述がある文を抽出する手法を提案する.近年,証券市場における個人投資家の比重が増大しており,個人投資家に対して投資判断の支援をおこなう技術の必要性が高まっている.そのため,人工知能分野の手法や技術を,金融市場における様々な場面に応用することが期待されており,例えば,膨大な金融情報を分析して投資判断の支援を行う技術が注目されている.ここで,投資の際,投資家にとって重要なのは,企業の今後の業績予測を知ることである.なぜなら,現在の業績が赤字であったとしても,今後の業績が回復することが企業側から示されれば,株価は上昇する場合がある.そこで,本研究では,企業の決算短信PDFから,業績予測文(企業の今後の業績予測を示す文)を抽出する手法を提案する.本手法では,業績予測文の文頭と文末に特徴的に出現する表現を用いることで,業績予測文を抽出する.加えて,これらの特徴的な表現を,半自動的に収集することが可能な手法となっており,業績予測文を幅広く網羅できる.
著者
梶谷 奈生 尾畑 博子 松本 貴子 岡戸 順一 是沢 博昭 松本 恒之
出版者
東洋大学
雑誌
東洋大学児童相談研究 (ISSN:02885247)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, pp.25-42, 1997-03

大学生が日常的に感ずるストレスについて調査した。対象は,私立大学学生男女合計113名(男性66名,女性47名)である。集められたデータは分類整理し11領域にまとめられた。各領域の内容について,そのストレスとされる頻度と強度を計算し比較考察した。