著者

二宮 由樹 岩田 知之 寺井 仁 三輪 和久

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.217-231, 2023-09-01 (Released:2023-09-15)

参考文献数

57

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Why do humans try to discover better alternatives to solve a problem even when they already have a solution? Such flexibility to reject the familiar solution and to search for and discover better alternatives supports creative problem solving. Previous research has shown that participants who found alternatives are less likely to bias their attention toward the fixation-related areas, even when they are fixated on the trained procedure, compared to non-finder. The present study examined whether an intentional search for information irrelevant to the trained procedure under the successful situation is related to finding alternatives. Experimental results indicated that finders intentionally searched for a greater amount of information irrelevant to fixation, even when solving a problem with the trained procedure. In addition, it was shown that the difference in the intentional search might be caused by the strength of reinforcement of fixation on the trained procedure.

著者

二宮 由樹 藤木 大介

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.4, pp.421-434, 2018-12-01 (Released:2019-06-01)

参考文献数

18

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Conjunction fallacy (CF) is an irrational judgment of human intuition. CF is not only an erroneous response using heuristics but also the effects of misunderstanding the task. This study examined the differences of representations depending on the comprehension of the CF task (also called the Linda problem), and investigated when and how these differences occurred. In Experiment 1, participants had to read a passage, answer related questions, and recall the passage incidentally. The results indicated that the participants’ recall performance of question statements in the Linda problem, which conflicted with heuristics, predicted the CF proportion. In Experiment 2, a new task was conducted to emphasize the sentence in question statements of the Linda problem,and the emphasized effects were compared with Experiment 1. The results from Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1, and the effect of the modification was shown regardless of whether or not the answers used CF. It shows that participants who answered using CF did not misunderstand the meaning of the question sentence in the task comprehension phase. In Experiment 3, to examine whether the results of Experiment 1 reflected the memory transformation based on rationalization of the participant ’s answer in the recall phase or the task comprehension substitution based on heuristics in the judgment phase, the recall performance was compared between the CF task and the task that could be answered correctly using heuristics. The results revealed that the difference in the recall performance of the question sentence depended on using heuristics. These findings suggest that CF occurrence was predicted by comprehension of the question (Experiment 1), while difference in comprehension representation arises when making heuristic judgments (experiments 2 and 3). This study not only provides new data on CF occurrence and mechanisms but also suggests the importance of considering the relationship between task comprehension and heuristic judgment.

著者

犬塚 美輪 松室 美紀 櫃割 仁平 今泉 拓 二宮 由樹 白砂 大

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.4, pp.567-572, 2023-12-01 (Released:2023-12-15)

参考文献数

1

著者

二宮 由樹 藤木 大介

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.308-320, 2020-09-01 (Released:2020-09-15)

参考文献数

20

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Information processing involved in inference and decision-making has been explained from the viewpoint of the dual processes: intuitive system 1 and reflective system 2. The relationship between these two systems has been examined based on the difference between correct and incorrect answers in bias task. However, recently, another possible position, which questions the classification based on these answers, has been identified. For example, it is known that even if a participant provides an incorrect answer in a bias task, they may be able to detect a conflict between information about the correct and incorrect answers. In this study, participants were categorized according to their responses provided in the bias task and the presence or absence of conflict detection. The results showed that the functions of the two systems differ within the same answer. This result suggests that the classification based on the bias tasks is incomplete and that researchers need to consider a classification of participants based on the presence or absence of conflict detection.

著者

藤木 大介 堀井 順平 二宮 由樹 外尾 恵美子

出版者

日本教育工学会

雑誌

日本教育工学会論文誌 (ISSN:13498290)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.Suppl., pp.117-120, 2018-03-01 (Released:2018-03-01)

参考文献数

10

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集中力は学習において重要な役割を果たす.これまでも課題遂行中の思考状態がそのパフォーマンスに影響することが示されてきた.一方,自己の注意能力について正確に評価できる場合,不注意,多動,衝動的等注意に問題があっても選択的注意課題に優れることも示されている.このことから,集中力の劣る者でもそれを自覚化させた場合,補償的に思考状態を変化させ,課題成績が高くなる可能性がある.そこで持続的注意に関する検査の結果をフィードバックすることが思考状態や読解成績に影響を及ぼすか検討した結果,課題そのものではないが課題に関連する思考が増え,特に持続的注意の劣る参加者は読解成績が向上することが示された.