著者

佐々木 宏幸 山田 理紗 佐々木 駿

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.778, pp.2629-2639, 2020 (Released:2020-12-30)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

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This study focuses on the Rikaisen, a unique alley typology in Iida City, Nagano Prefecture, based on the perspective that the generation of pedestrian activities by utilizing Rikaisens in downtown Iida is an effective measure for the future creation of a unique downtown full of attractions. The revitalization of downtown Iida is an urgent issue for the city, as a new station for the linear motor train will be opened in the outskirts of Iida in 2027. The purpose of this study is to define possibilities and challenges in utilizing Rikaisens and their surrounding buildings for generating pedestrian activities along Rikaisens, and to explore utilization measures and possible implementation processes. The research on Rikaisens is conducted through review of previous studies and literature, questionnaires to residents focusing on utilizing Rikaisens, interviews with people in charge in public and private sectors, and field surveys of the space along 24 Rikaisens in the downtown. Through these researches, the study reveals the following: Regarding the legal situation, a Rikaisen is not regarded as a road defined in the Building Standards Law, which causes multiple planning restrictions for the utilization of Rikaisens and adjacent properties; Regarding residents’ attitudes toward utilization of Rikaisens, in general, many residents are positive, but some neighbors on Rikaisens have concerns and oppositions due to the original purpose of Rikaisen as a disaster prevention passage and the development process with the provision of private properties; Regarding activities relating to Rikaisens, although the city has begun to take a positive stance on utilization, private organizations are confronting stagnation of utilizations due to economic deterioration as well as legal, social and institutional restrictions; Regarding spatial situations, the space along Rikaisens are diverse with various characteristics and does not hinder daytime walking, but on the other hand, Rikaisens are separated from adjacent lots by building walls and fences and with limited residual space except for parking lots, in addition to having a poor nighttime environment. The study defines possibilities and challenges in utilizing Rikaisens and their surrounding buildings based on these findings. Regarding the possibilities, the study defines 1) positive recognition and evaluation of Rikaisens as well as expectations for downtown revitalization by residents, 2) growing city officials’ momentum of utilizing Rikaisens, 3) day-time environment on Rikaisens suitable for utilization, and 4) presence of vacant buildings and underutilized properties as opportunity sites on Rikaisens. On the other hand, regarding the challenges, the study defines 1) neighbors’ concerns about deterioration of living environment by utilizing Rikaisens, 2) legal interpretation of Rikaisens and form of adjacent lots that restrict the utilization of Rikaisens, 3) limit of utilization of Rikaisens only by private organizations, and 4) lack of spatial integration of Rikaisens and their surrounding properties and shortage of destinations on Rikaisens. Finally, the study concludes possible measures and implementation processes for utilizing Rikaisens as follows: 1) examining possible measures of generating pedestrian activities according to the situation of each Rikaisen 2) revising the legal interpretation of Rikaisen, 3) implementing phased development processes from temporary to permanent utilization and building consensus with residents, and 4) promoting improvements, utilization and operation methods through the collaboration between the public and private sectors.

著者

佐々木 宏幸 齊木 崇人

出版者

芸術工学会

雑誌

芸術工学会誌 (ISSN:13423061)

巻号頁・発行日

no.53, pp.72-79, 2010-09-30

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本研究は、1990年代の異なる二つの時点において、ニューアーバニズム理論の目的と基本原則を明文化した文書であるアワニー原則(1991年)とニューアーバニズム憲章(1996年)の比較・考察を通して、ニューアーバニズム理論の特徴と変容を明らかにすることを目的とする。本研究では、まず、ニューアーバニズムの誕生から現在に至るまでの発展の経緯を振り返り、アワニー原則とニューアーバニズム憲章のニューアーバニズム理論における位置づけを確認した。その上で両者の目的と基本原則を比較することによりその共通点と相違点を明確にし、ニューアーバニズム理論の特徴と変容を明らかにすることを試みた。両者の比較の結果、アワニー原則とニューアーバニズム憲章は、歩いて暮らせるコンパクトでミックストユースのネイバフッドを公共交通機関でネットワークすることにより、自然と共存する環境にやさしい都市の創造を目指している点において共通していることが確認された。一方、アワニー原則の5年後に策定されたニューアーバニズム憲章では、社会・経済・文化・政治・環境・空間などの総合的な扱い、都市と自然環境とのバランスある共存、地域から建築までのあらゆるスケールへの対応、公共空間の重視、建物の形態コントロールを重視する開発規定の有用性の認識などの点において、アワニー原則より包括的かつ多角的に進化していることが明らかとなった。これらの分析により、本研究ではニューアーバニズム理論が、総合的なアプローチ、学際的推進団体の存在、多様な居住環境の肯定と既存の都市の重視、公共空間創造の重視、理論と実践手法の一体的取り組みによるプランニングの変革などの点において、多くの意義を持つ都市デザイン・都市計画理論であると結論づけた。そのうえで今後は、ニューアーバニズム理論の実現のための道具としてスマートコードの研究、そして実際に策定されたフォーム・ベースト・コードの検証を通したその有用性の研究を行い、ニューアーバニズムの理論とその実践手法の体系的な探究を行う必要性を認識した。

著者

佐々木 宏幸

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.747, pp.885-895, 2018 (Released:2018-05-30)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1 2

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This study focuses on “flexible zone” and Parklet as means to provide outdoor spaces for eating and drinking while utilizing parking lanes. The purpose of this study is to clarify advantages and disadvantages as well as common and different features of “flexible zone” and Parklet, and to explore ways for realizing similar spaces in Japan. A “flexible zone” is a parking lane that is allowed to convert to outdoor dining areas by adjacent business owners with government permission, and three examples, Castro Street in Mountain View, Theatre Way in Redwood City, and First Street in Livermore, exist in California in the United States. On the other hand, Parklet is the program launched in San Francisco that facilitates the installation of public pedestrian spaces on parking lanes. The research on “flexible zone” is based on the previous study by the author and additional field surveys. In addition, with regard to universal design that is conceived as an important aspect for the comparison with Parklet, reviews of documents regarding the operation of “flexible zones” and hearings with an urban designer in charge of the design of all three “flexible zones” have been conducted. On the other hand, with regard to Parklet, reviews of documents and previous researches regarding Parklet as well as a hearing with a city official have been conducted. In addition, field surveys of all “flexible zones” and 26 Parklets have been conducted in order to observe actual conditions and operations. Through the comparison between “flexible zone” and Parklet, the author clarifies common features and differences between them, and then explores 1) their uniqueness as methods of producing outdoor spaces for eating and drinking, 2) their advantages and disadvantages, and 3) ways for realizing outdoor spaces for eating and drinking on parking lanes in Japan. With regard to the uniqueness, both “flexible zone” and Parklet are realized through the cooperation between public and private sectors while paying lots of consideration for design, safety and comfortability. In addition, in both methods, the balance between pedestrian spaces converted from parking lanes and on-street parking spaces is considered and maintained through their permission processes as well as their spatial flexibility. On the other hand, the level of publicness is a primary difference between them, i.e. “flexible zone” is not necessarily open to the public while Parklet is required to be open to the public. With regard to “flexible zone”, effectiveness for the improvement of pedestrian and urban environment, possible safety measures by street design, limited cost burden on business owners, high spatial variability, and appropriate maintenance and operation by business owners are conceived as advantages, whereas substantial cost burden on the public sector and limited use by the public are conceived as a disadvantage. On the other hand, with regard to Parklet, limited cost burden on the public sector, aptitude for phasing implementation, effectiveness for the creation of interactive spaces, and feasibility at various locations and for a short period of time are conceived as advantages, whereas lack of unity of streetscape, limited spatial flexibility, heavy cost burden on business owners, and improper operation are conceived as disadvantages. With regard to ways for realizing in Japan, it is important to consider 1) realization methods in accordance with purposes and existing conditions of a target area, 2) responsibilities, systems and measures for securing pedestrian safety, 3) consistency with related ordinances and their necessary revisions, and 4) introduction of a phasing implementation process through pilot projects, are important in Japan.

著者

倉知 徹 川北 健雄 相良 二朗 佐々木 宏幸 谷口 文保 Tohru KURACHI Takeo KAWAKITA Jiro SAGARA Hiroyuki SASAKI Fumiyasu TANIGUCHI

出版者

神戸芸術工科大学

雑誌

芸術工学2010

巻号頁・発行日

2010-11-24

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兵庫県播磨町では、2007 年以降住民主体のまちづくり組織、旧播磨北小学校施設運営協議会(以下協議会)が中心となった地域づくり活動が行なわれている。2009 年度に兵庫県立東はりま特別支援学校が開校し、公立学校とまちづくり組織の協働による取り組みが開始された。本報告は、2009 年度に取り組まれた協議会が中心となった協働によるアートワークショップについてのプロセスデザインの報告である。アートワークショップでは、県立播磨南高校芸術類型の生徒と県立東はりま特別支援学校の生徒が作業を分担し、協力して絵を描いた。描かれた絵は、多くの人に見てもらうためにギャラリーでの展示が行なわれた。また、成果を参加した人に配布することと、より多くの人に配布するために別の媒体に加工することとした。描かれた絵の一部を取り出し、ポストカードとクリアファイルに加工し、地元住民等に配布された。このアートワークショップのプロセスを通じ、それまで交わることのなかった人同士が協力し、協力して創作活動を行うことができた。また、このプロセスを通じ、多主体が協働する際のきっかけと内容を明らかにすることができた。The community building activity led by the Machizukuri organization called ex-Harima North Elementary school Facilities Management Conference (NE-FMC)) has been implemented in Harima town, Hyogo prefecture since 2007. In 2009, Hyogo prefectural East Harima Special Needs Education School (EHSNES) was founded, and the collaborations of community building activities began. This paper reports the process design of the art workshop thorough the collaborations implemented in 2009.In the artwork shop, four paintings were drawn through the collaboration by students of the Harima South high school and students of EHSNES. The paintings were processed to postcards and clear files, and distributed to a lot of people. Through the collaboration, student could interact each other, and the process clarified the chances and the contents of collaborations between multi-groups.