著者

神野 透人 古川 容子 大河原 晋 西村 哲治 香川(田中) 聡子

出版者

日本毒性学会

雑誌

日本トキシコロジー学会学術年会 第38回日本トキシコロジー学会学術年会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20064, 2011 (Released:2011-08-11)

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【目的】室内環境中の化学物質が発症の原因あるいは増悪因子となり得る疾病として、いわゆるシックハウス症候群や気管支喘息等があるが、その発症機序の詳細には未解明な部分も多い。本研究では主に塗料や粘着剤・接着剤、アクリル樹脂等の原料として利用されており、既に呼吸器/皮膚感作性が確認されている物質も含まれているアクリル酸及びメタクリル酸とそのエステル類について、侵害刺激受容体であり気管支喘息にも深く関与することが示唆されているTransient Receptor Potential (TRP) A1及びTRPV1 に対する活性化作用を検討した。 【方法】ヒト後根神経節Total RNAよりRT-PCRによってTRPA1及びTRPV1 cDNAをクローニングし、それぞれを安定的に発現するFlp-In 293細胞を樹立した。得られた細胞株の細胞内Ca 2+濃度の増加を指標としてTPRA1及びTRPV1イオンチャネルの活性化を評価した。 【結果】アクリル酸及びメタクリル酸とそのエステル類14物質について、ヒトTPRA1及びTRPV1に対する活性化能を評価した。その結果、TRPV1に対する活性化能は本研究で対象とした14物質には認められなかったが、アクリル酸ブチル及びメタクリル酸ブチルがTPRA1を活性化する作用を有することが明らかになった。我々はこれまでに家庭用品から放散される揮発性有機化合物の評価試験を実施し、パーソナルコンピューターやテレビ等多種多様な家庭用品からからある種のアクリル酸エステル類・メタクリル酸エステル類が放散することを見いだしている。本研究結果から、これら家庭用品から放散されるアクリル酸エステル類・メタクリル酸エステル類がTRPA1を介した感覚神経あるいは気道の刺激を引き起こす可能性が考えられる。

著者

古川 容子 佐野 友紀 土屋 伸一 藤井 皓介 佐藤 泰 畠山 雄豪 長谷見 雄二

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.728, pp.845-853, 2016

被引用文献数

3

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&nbsp;Recently, enrollments in nursery schools have become higher and higher. This is largely due to the social progress of women, with the increasing number of working mothers. Additionally, the number of three-generation households is decreasing. Nursery schools are traditionally low-rise structures, with a playground, but deregulation of the law now allows for the placement of nursery schools in middle floors of high-rise buildings. In Japan, the ages of nursery school students are generally from infancy to five-years old, which means that they can't evacuate the premises by themselves during a fire, so we must research ways to evacuate them safely. And the scheme of planning safe evacuations from buildings has not been sufficiently researched, so we have investigated the practice of fire drills and have interviewed teachers and students of nursery schools. The following is what we have learned:<br>&nbsp;(1)Characteristics of evacuation ;drills of nursery schools: Students evacuate in class groups, lead by their teachers, who provide the indications. Time is needed for evacuation preparation (setting up strollers, gathering infants and preparing to carry them out, and giving instructions regarding exiting, etc., ) and before starting evacuation, and time for confirming the numbers of students, and waiting time is needed when they are evacuating, so these times must be considered in the calculation of evacuation time.<br>&nbsp;(2)The characteristics of evacuation abilities of nursery school students : Infants (up to one-year old), and students who can't easily walk by themselves must be carried by a nurse or other adults, which makes evacuation movements and management after evacuation more manageable. Two-year-old students are able to walk alright on their own but cannot sufficiently grasp the situation. It's difficult to follow the teachers' instructions, so a lot of assistances are need. Children aged three and over can, of course, walk even better, and can grasp the severity of a fire. But they tend to walk more slowly as they feel frightened in cases when they are at earlier age, or they have to take an escape route that they are not familiar with. In order to shorten evacuation time, older students should evacuate first, as they can walk faster than younger students, thus their escape time won't be hindered by slower evacuees.<br>&nbsp;(3)Notes of buildings that include a nursery school: Regarding the situation of using stairways for evacuation, there are many points of concern regarding the safety of children. Because there are many dangerous points related to stairways, such as the fact that stairways often arouse fear in younger students during emergency evacuation, and as a result they walk more slowly. Consequently, older students try to pass the younger, slower students. Especially in cases when a nursery school is on a middle floor of a multi-use building, there is a possibility that confusion is caused among the evacuating children who walk slowly, along with their teachers, as evacuating people from other facilities mix with people evacuating from the nursery school. Thus, having a dedicated set of stairs for children is better. In addition, nursery schools that are in existing buildings that were not designed to accommodate nursery schools, have higher handles and the height of steps rise.<br>&nbsp;(4)Decreasing evacuation route length: Due to the fact that nursery school students' bodies and minds are not fully developed, their circumstances during a fire are more severe than those for adults. Thus, nursery schools should be on lower floors of buildings or should have their own buildings. Also the distance from the rooms to the temporary evacuation place should be as short as possible

著者

古川 容子 佐野 友紀 土屋 伸一 藤井 皓介 佐藤 泰 畠山 雄豪 長谷見 雄二

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.728, pp.845-853, 2016 (Released:2016-10-30)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

3

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Recently, enrollments in nursery schools have become higher and higher. This is largely due to the social progress of women, with the increasing number of working mothers. Additionally, the number of three-generation households is decreasing. Nursery schools are traditionally low-rise structures, with a playground, but deregulation of the law now allows for the placement of nursery schools in middle floors of high-rise buildings. In Japan, the ages of nursery school students are generally from infancy to five-years old, which means that they can't evacuate the premises by themselves during a fire, so we must research ways to evacuate them safely. And the scheme of planning safe evacuations from buildings has not been sufficiently researched, so we have investigated the practice of fire drills and have interviewed teachers and students of nursery schools. The following is what we have learned: (1)Characteristics of evacuation ;drills of nursery schools: Students evacuate in class groups, lead by their teachers, who provide the indications. Time is needed for evacuation preparation (setting up strollers, gathering infants and preparing to carry them out, and giving instructions regarding exiting, etc., ) and before starting evacuation, and time for confirming the numbers of students, and waiting time is needed when they are evacuating, so these times must be considered in the calculation of evacuation time. (2)The characteristics of evacuation abilities of nursery school students : Infants (up to one-year old), and students who can't easily walk by themselves must be carried by a nurse or other adults, which makes evacuation movements and management after evacuation more manageable. Two-year-old students are able to walk alright on their own but cannot sufficiently grasp the situation. It's difficult to follow the teachers' instructions, so a lot of assistances are need. Children aged three and over can, of course, walk even better, and can grasp the severity of a fire. But they tend to walk more slowly as they feel frightened in cases when they are at earlier age, or they have to take an escape route that they are not familiar with. In order to shorten evacuation time, older students should evacuate first, as they can walk faster than younger students, thus their escape time won't be hindered by slower evacuees. (3)Notes of buildings that include a nursery school: Regarding the situation of using stairways for evacuation, there are many points of concern regarding the safety of children. Because there are many dangerous points related to stairways, such as the fact that stairways often arouse fear in younger students during emergency evacuation, and as a result they walk more slowly. Consequently, older students try to pass the younger, slower students. Especially in cases when a nursery school is on a middle floor of a multi-use building, there is a possibility that confusion is caused among the evacuating children who walk slowly, along with their teachers, as evacuating people from other facilities mix with people evacuating from the nursery school. Thus, having a dedicated set of stairs for children is better. In addition, nursery schools that are in existing buildings that were not designed to accommodate nursery schools, have higher handles and the height of steps rise. (4)Decreasing evacuation route length: Due to the fact that nursery school students' bodies and minds are not fully developed, their circumstances during a fire are more severe than those for adults. Thus, nursery schools should be on lower floors of buildings or should have their own buildings. Also the distance from the rooms to the temporary evacuation place should be as short as possible

著者

古川 容子 土屋 伸一 稲原 攝雄 長谷見 雄二

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.581, pp.9-14, 2004-07-30 (Released:2017-01-27)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

6

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To inspect the suitability of using the ordinary wearing elderly simulator, which is called "INSTANT-SENIOR", instead of senior, the walking time and the behavior of the group with the ordinary and "INSTANT-SENIOR" are compared with those of the ordinary and senior. As the result, we concluded that "INSTANT-SENIOR" is available as the subject to model the walking behavior of the group evacuation from the point that they become obstacles to the ordinary as the senior do and they won't change the speed during the repeated experiments. Therefore, the experiment of the group evacuation using "INSTANT-SENIOR" as subject is shown in this paper.