著者

周 正律

出版者

関西大学史学・地理学会

雑誌

史泉 (ISSN:03869407)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.125, pp.A1-A19, 2017-01-31

著者

周 正律

出版者

関西大学大学院東アジア文化研究科

雑誌

東アジア文化交渉研究 = Journal of East Asian cultural interaction studies (ISSN:18827748)

巻号頁・発行日

no.8, pp.451-475, 2015-03

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This paper discusses a tendency to diversify of abstractions of Long(龍)in the Han dynasty(漢代). Before that time, Long was considered to be a symbol of one village like a totem. By the unification of ancient China in Qin(秦)and Han dynasty, Long was elevated to be a god with sacred power and started to be diversified in its attributes according to the books of that time. It was believe to have a ability of making rain or control water, and because of that power, a soil image of Long(土龍)was used as a sacrifice to pray for rain when it was in a drought. And Long was also believed to have a function as to be a transportation between the human world and the immortal world. And it turned out that, in Han dynasty, all those abstractions of Long could once be seen in a representative sample called Qing Long(青龍), which is a constellation in ancientastronomy of China. Almost all of the attributes of Long have been passed to until now, but some of them also had been changed their appearances when new trends of thoughts such as buddy coming to be known in the land of ancient China.文部科学省グローバルCOEプログラム 関西大学文化交渉学教育研究拠点研究ノート

著者

周 正律

出版者

関西大学大学院東アジア文化研究科

雑誌

東アジア文化交渉研究 = Journal of East Asian cultural interaction studies (ISSN:18827748)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.451-475, 2015-03-31

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This paper discusses a tendency to diversify of abstractions of Long(龍)in the Han dynasty(漢代). Before that time, Long was considered to be a symbol of one village like a totem. By the unification of ancient China in Qin(秦)and Han dynasty, Long was elevated to be a god with sacred power and started to be diversified in its attributes according to the books of that time. It was believe to have a ability of making rain or control water, and because of that power, a soil image of Long(土龍)was used as a sacrifice to pray for rain when it was in a drought. And Long was also believed to have a function as to be a transportation between the human world and the immortal world. And it turned out that, in Han dynasty, all those abstractions of Long could once be seen in a representative sample called Qing Long(青龍), which is a constellation in ancientastronomy of China. Almost all of the attributes of Long have been passed to until now, but some of them also had been changed their appearances when new trends of thoughts such as buddy coming to be known in the land of ancient China.

著者

周 正

出版者

広島大学大学院人間社会科学研究科

雑誌

広島大学大学院人間社会科学研究科紀要. 教育学研究 (ISSN:24360333)

巻号頁・発行日

no.1, pp.647-655, 2020-12-25

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This paper focuses on Japanese teachers' evaluation of the teacher license renewal system and its influencing factors. Since the implementation of the teacher license renewal system, few researches have empirically examined the external evaluation and issues concerning this system. In particular, there is almost no research that evaluates the system from teachers' viewpoint. Therefore, this study conducted a questionnaire survey at University B, where lectures on renewal system of teachers' license were held. Using multiple regression analysis, we reached the following conclusions. First, approximately 60% of the teachers are opposed to the renewal system considering the reform unnecessary, whereas 40% support the system. Second, we clarified that teachers' evaluation of the renewal system is based on two factors: burden and usefulness. Third, we found that the teachers aged 30 to 39 years felt more burdened with the renewal system than teachers of other age groups. Besides, there were teachers who were dissatisfied with this profession and felt busy with further education and trivial matters in the daily work. Lastly, considering the usefulness factor, there are four types of teachers: 1) teachers who have not yet entered graduate school, 2) teachers who want to acquire the ability of practical guidance and information utilization, 3) teachers who think that "teachers should be dedicated to children" and "teachers are kind of professionals." Based on these findings, this paper makes suggestions for the reform of teacher license renewal system.

著者

周 正律

出版者

関西大学大学院東アジア文化研究科

雑誌

東アジア文化交渉研究 = Journal of East Asian cultural interaction studies (ISSN:18827748)

巻号頁・発行日

no.9, pp.357-381, 2016-03

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東アジアの歴史と動態文部科学省グローバルCOEプログラム 関西大学文化交渉学教育研究拠点This paper discusses the methods of identification of the icon of animals. The problem that how to identify the icons in the pictures precisely has come up to us, as the importance of images and pictures in study of history being claimed in latest years. And the icons of animals, especially those were created by people as fictions, are facing a serious situation of hard to be identified. Usually, to identify an icon of a fiction animal, we depend on our experience built of books and historical materials. But that could cause a problem as we always tend to ignore the time and place that the images or pictures were created. This paper will take the icon of Long (龍)on the Stone Relief of the Handynasty as an attempt to find out a more practical method to identify the icons ofanimals.

著者

周 正律

出版者

関西大学大学院東アジア文化研究科

雑誌

東アジア文化交渉研究 = Journal of East Asian cultural interaction studies (ISSN:18827748)

巻号頁・発行日

no.9, pp.357-381, 2016-03

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This paper discusses the methods of identification of the icon of animals. The problem that how to identify the icons in the pictures precisely has come up to us, as the importance of images and pictures in study of history being claimed in latest years. And the icons of animals, especially those were created by people as fictions, are facing a serious situation of hard to be identified. Usually, to identify an icon of a fiction animal, we depend on our experience built of books and historical materials. But that could cause a problem as we always tend to ignore the time and place that the images or pictures were created. This paper will take the icon of Long (龍)on the Stone Relief of the Handynasty as an attempt to find out a more practical method to identify the icons ofanimals.東アジアの歴史と動態文部科学省グローバルCOEプログラム 関西大学文化交渉学教育研究拠点

著者

周 正律

出版者

関西大学大学院東アジア文化研究科

雑誌

文化交渉 東アジア文化研究科院生論集 (ISSN:21874395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.251-262, 2015-02-28

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研究ノートThis paper focuses on the precedent studies of Chinese Long (龍) and those derivative legends and cultures about it, which spread all over East Asia and even have a global influence nowadays. There are already many researches talking about the origin of Long and its spread, or about those pictures of Long picked up from excavated articles. But of these studies there are still some methodological problems such as a misunderstood starting point of what we think the Long is today, and also the easy means of combining the pictures and the historical texts.This paper shall attempt to discover a new method to find out the originof the recognition of today's Long and those derivative legends and cultures about it.

著者

周 正律

出版者

関西大学大学院東アジア文化研究科

雑誌

東アジア文化交渉研究 = Journal of East Asian cultural interaction studies (ISSN:18827748)

巻号頁・発行日

no.8, pp.451-475, 2015-03

---

文部科学省グローバルCOEプログラム 関西大学文化交渉学教育研究拠点研究ノートThis paper discusses a tendency to diversify of abstractions of Long(龍)in the Han dynasty(漢代). Before that time, Long was considered to be a symbol of one village like a totem. By the unification of ancient China in Qin(秦)and Han dynasty, Long was elevated to be a god with sacred power and started to be diversified in its attributes according to the books of that time. It was believe to have a ability of making rain or control water, and because of that power, a soil image of Long(土龍)was used as a sacrifice to pray for rain when it was in a drought. And Long was also believed to have a function as to be a transportation between the human world and the immortal world. And it turned out that, in Han dynasty, all those abstractions of Long could once be seen in a representative sample called Qing Long(青龍), which is a constellation in ancientastronomy of China. Almost all of the attributes of Long have been passed to until now, but some of them also had been changed their appearances when new trends of thoughts such as buddy coming to be known in the land of ancient China.

著者

福田 アジオ 周 正良 朱 秋楓 白 庚勝 巴莫曲布む 劉 鉄梁 周 星 陶 立ふぁん 張 紫晨 橋本 裕之 福原 敏男 小熊 誠 曽 士才 矢放 昭文 佐野 賢治 小林 忠雄 岩井 宏實 CHAN Rohen PAMO Ropumu 巴莫 曲布女莫 陶 立〓

出版者

国立歴史民俗博物館

雑誌

国際学術研究

巻号頁・発行日

1989

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平成計年〜3年度にわたり中国江南地方において実施した本調査研究は当初の計画どおりすべて実施され、予定した研究目的に達することができた。江蘇省常熟市近郊の農村地帯、特に白茆郷を対象とした揚子江下流域のクリ-クに広がる中国でも典型的な稲作農村の民俗社会の実態とその伝承を記録化することができ、また浙江省の金華市および蘭渓市や麗水市における稲作の民俗社会を調査することが出来た。特に浙江省では中国少数民族の一つであるシェ族の村、山根村の民俗事象に触れることができ、多大な成果を得ることが出来た。2年度は前年度の調査実績を踏まえ、調査地を浙江省に絞り、特に蘭渓市殿山郷姚村、麗水市山根村、同堰頭村の3か所を重点的に調査した。ここでは研究分担者は各自の調査項目に従って、内容に踏み込み伝承事例や現状に関するデ-タを相当量収集することができた。また、この年度には中国側研究分担者8名を日本に招聘し、農村民俗の比較のために日中合同の農村調査を、千葉県佐倉市および沖縄県読谷村の村落を調査地に選び実施した。特に沖縄本島では琉球時代に中国文化が入り込み、民俗事象のなかにもその残存形態が見られることなどが確認され、多大な成果をあげることが出来た。3年度は報告書作成年度にあたり、前年度に決めた執筆要項にもとずき各自が原稿作成したが、内容等が不備がありまた事実確認の必要性が生じたことを踏まえ、研究代表者1名と分担者3名が派遣もしくは任意に参加し、補充調査を実施した。対象地域は前年度と同じく蘭渓市殿山郷姚村、麗水市山根村の2か村である。ここでは正確な村地図の作成をはじめ文書資料の確認など、補充すべき内容の項目について、それを充たすことが出来た。さらに、年度内報告書の作成をめざし報告書原稿を早急に集め、中国側研究分担者の代表である北京師範大学の張紫晨教授を日本に招聘し、綿密な編集打合せを行った。以上の調査経過を踏まえ、その成果を取りまとめた結果、次のような点が明らかとなった。(1)村落社会関係に関する調査結果として、中国の革命以前の村落の状況と解放後の変容過程に関して、個人の家レベルないし旧村落社会および村政府の仕組みや制度の実態について、また村が経営する郷鎮企業の現状についても記録し、同じく家族組織とそれを象徴する祖先崇拝、基制について等が記録された。特に基制については沖縄の基形態がこの地方のものと類似していること、そして沖縄には中国南方民俗の特徴である風水思想と干支重視の傾向があり、豚肉と先祖祭祀が結びついていることなどから、中国東南沿海地方の文化との共通性を見出し、日中比較研究として多大な成果をあげることが出来た。(2)人生儀礼および他界観といった分野では、誕生儀礼に関して樟樹信仰が注目され、これは樹木に木霊を認め、地ー天を考える南方的要素と樹木を依り代と見立て、天ー地への拝天的な北方的要素が融合した形と見られる。また成人儀礼ではシェ族に伝わる学師儀礼の実態や伝承が詳細に記録され、さらに貴州省のヤオ族との比較を含めた研究成果がまとめられた。特に中国古代の成人式の原始的機能が検出され、また先祖祭祀との関わりや道教的要素の浸透など貴重なデ-タが集積された。その他、中国民俗の色彩表徴の事例などの記録も出来た。(3)民間信仰および農耕儀礼として、年中行事による季節観念と農業生産との関係、農耕社会における祭祀の心理的要因や農耕に関する歌謡によって表出された季節的意味などに焦点をあて、ここではさらに日本の沖縄との比較を含めて分析された。さらに建築儀礼に関しても詳細に報告され、沖縄の石敢当を対象に中国との比較研究もまとめられた。(4)口承文芸および民俗芸能については稲作起源神話の伝承例を初めとし、江南地方の方言分布とその特徴ならびに文化的影響の問題について、さらに金華市と沖縄の闘牛行事の比較研究などに多大な成果を得ることが出来た。(これらは報告書として刊行予定)