著者
斎藤 新一郎
出版者
The Ornithological Society of Japan
雑誌
(ISSN:00409480)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.99, pp.41-46, 1976-06-30 (Released:2007-09-28)
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
4

The present paper deals with the role of fruit-eating birds as the transporters of tree seeds, from the point of view of tree nursing in northern Hokkaido.Ornithochoryl, or seeds dispersal of trees and shrubs by birds, is a very important factor in the dispersal of plants. Fruits are favorable foods for many species of birds, and birds transport the fruit's seeds to another locality for germination and establishment. The seeds of juicy fruits (e.g., drupe, berry, hesperidium, pome, etaerio, cynarrhodium, etc.) are thus dispersed by birds in the way of endozoochoryl, since the juicy part of fruit or pericarp, especially mesocarp, is digested; but the seed is not, or can not be digested in the digestive tract of a bird (Figs. 1 and 3).In the correlation of birds and juicy fruits, the pericarp has evolved in size, color, taste, etc. to be eaten by birds, and the seed coat, or shell (endocarp) of drupe, may have evolved in hardness not to be digested (Fig. 4). This hypothesis of the hardening of seed coat may be supported by the data of germination in nursing practices. Seeds of juicy fruits germinate generally in the next spring of sowing (Table 1). To soften the hard coat for rapid germination, we use knife, enzyme of bacteria, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, boiling water, etc; or we pick young fruits with greenish epicarp and uncompletely hardened seed coat (Fig. 5), and sow seeds without pericarp immediately after picking.Fruit-eating birds soften the hard coat, as we do in nurseries. It is pointed out that the hardened coat of seeds of juicy fruits is not convenient for tree nursing but indispensable for ornithochoryl.
著者
田崎 冬記 折戸 由里子 斎藤 新一郎 丸山 純孝 野嶽 秀夫 越後 貞
出版者
日本緑化工学会
雑誌
日本緑化工学会誌 (ISSN:09167439)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, no.1, pp.277-280, 2014 (Released:2015-09-18)
参考文献数
9

ケショウヤナギの水系毎の特性を把握するため,渚滑川水系 (渚滑川) および十勝川水系 (札内川) のケショウヤナギの結実および種子散布時期の比較を行った。その結果,渚滑川水系のケショウヤナギは,札内川より 3倍程度,種子散布期間が長く,9月下旬まで種子散布を行うことが明らかとなった。また,渚滑川において種子散布時期の初期~終期にケショウヤナギ種子を採取し,発芽試験を行ったところ,種子散布時期によって発芽能力に差異は見られず,7~9月まで発芽能力の高い種子を散布させることが明らかとなった。種子散布期間等から渚滑川のケショウヤナギは札内川のものとは異なる特性を有する可能性が示唆された。