著者

杉本 尚次

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.6, pp.445-460,482, 1958-02-28 (Released:2009-04-30)

参考文献数

32

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i) In terms of geography, the rural house, especially its roof, is an important key to approach a settlement structure. The roof of a rural house differs from one area to another, as it reflects conditions as well as the specific way of living of the people of an area. It is possible to grasp the typical regional character in the type of roof and arrangement of rooms; also, the dynamic change of life in a rural area, such as pervasion of the use of roof-tiles and the rise and fall of silkworm culture, can be made clear through the roof-type and its change.The present writer chooses the whole Western Japan an object, examines the distribution of several roof-types, and courses of their circulation, and tries to make clear settlement structures as seen through the roofs.ii) Roofing material:More isolated mountain or island villages use more thatched or shingle roofs. Tiled roofs are widely used in industrialized areas; they show the tendency to spread from suburban areas into mountain areas with the development of urbanization and traffic. This tendency will grow stronger in future.Different roof-tiles are used between each area, reflecting local conditions: the tile-guard and the Iwami red tile in the snowy area of the northern parts (although not so wide spread as in the Tohoku and Hokuriku Districts); windbreaks in the seacoast area (especially in the Pacific Coast). Chinese red tiles in Okinawa are interesting as showing foreign influences.To a large extent, roofing material is conditioned by economic backgrounds.iii) Roof-types:Many types can be recognized: the U. and L. roofs, the conical roof and other varieties beside three fundamental types-the “irimoya” (gabled) roof, the “yosemune” (hipped) roof, the “kirizuma” (barge) roof.The “irimoya” roof is spread over the Kinki District north of the median dislocation line, eastern Chugoku, north-western Shikoku.The “yosemune” roof is widely adopted in the Kii Peninsular, western Chugoku, the Shikoku District, and the Kyushu District. It is especially much used along the Pacific Coast.The “kirizuma” roof is popular in the mountain areas of Tajima, Hyogo Pref., and the Yamato Basin. In Tajima, silkworm culture accounts for its popularity. In Yamato, the “kirizuma” style has developed into the so-called “yamatomune” roof.The U. type roof, a variety usually called “kudozukuri”, is centered at the Tsukushi Plain in the North Kyushu District. It is called “U” because it has two projections in the rear.The L. type roof, another variety with one projection in the rear of the house, is found in Kyushu (“kagiya”), in the Kochi Plain (“magariya”), and on the Tamba Plateau (“tsunoya”). Old families often adopt this roof-type.The “futamunezukuri” roof, where the main body of house and the kitchen are separated, is found in Kagoshima down to Nansei Islands. This roof-type is originated in the Micronesian and the Melanesian Islands.The conical roof is found in Okinoerabu and Yoron, the islands situated at the southernmost tip of Japan.iv) As shown here, roofs in Western Japan richly vary in type. They are further varied by the use of different ridge pressings (decorative). The distribution of these roof-types, remarkably correspond with distinctive areas. It further coincide with topographical districts.The mixture of two or more types as well as the transformation of a type is seen where two distributional areas meet. Social changes have at places resulted in changes of roof-type. Adaptation to climatic conditions has also contributed to improving the roof. At defiles and mountain passes, the course of circulation of each roof-type can be traced.

著者

杉本 尚次

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:00167444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.5, pp.279-294, 1961-05-01 (Released:2008-12-24)

参考文献数

31

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西日本における民家間取型の分布把握に重点をおき,生活との関連やその伝播径路さらに変化過程といつたダイナミックな面にも留意しつつ民家間取型に表われた地域的特性を明らかにしようとした. 民家母屋内部の平面構造(間取)は,居住部分のヘヤ割リ,ヘヤの機能(室名,イロリ),土間の機能.(ウマヤ)に分解した. (1) 居住部分は全国的に田字型の四間取りが最も普遍的で,その他に東北・北陸の広間型との関連が考えられる広間的間取・妻入型・土間狭小型・二棟造(南九州・南西諸島)・変型(クド造リ・つのや)の6タイプが区分され,その巨視的な分布圏が判明した. (2) 同一室名の分布を探ることによつて文化圏や伝播径路を把握することも可能である.本稿では特徴ある2~3例を示す.また名称の変化を通して農村生活の変化過程を考察することも出来る.イロリは山陰から中国山地に卓越するが,大部分の地域では小規模火鉢的機能であり,東北日本ほどの重要性はない. (3) ウチマヤは減少の傾向にあるが,分布が牧牛地域と一致し,経済生活を反映した型であること,山間農村では生活機能が母屋の中に集積する特徴がある. (4) 間取型の分析による地域性の把握は家屋自身多くの要素の集積されたものであり,本稿では巨視的考察の段階である.

著者

杉本 尚次 Hisatsugu Sugimoto

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 = St. Andrew's University sociological review (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.70-93, 1968-12

著者

杉本 尚次

出版者

国立民族学博物館

雑誌

国立民族学博物館研究報告 (ISSN:0385180X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.2, pp.p493-592, 1980-06

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From the ethnological and geographical perspective, the ruralhouse is an important key to settlement structure. Based ontypical characteristics of roof and house plans, farmstead typesshow regional differentiation and reflect specific aspects of the localway of life.The rapidly-changing rural houses of Europe have been studiedfrom a wide range of perspectives including ethnology, geographyand related fields.I. A Review : Studies of European Rural HousesNumerous studies- have been made on European rural houses,but many of earlier ones dealt only with a visual house landscapeor classification by shapes. But following the assertions andinterpretation of W. Muller-Wille and A. Demangeon a dynamictrend emerged in rural house-type studies, focusing on such themesas building materials, roofing and house plan, functional aspects,the genesis of house types and modes of transmission of culture.II. Open-Air Museums in Europe (Especially Rural Houses"Folk Architecture" in Open-Air Museums)This is a report of an ethnological and geographical surveyconducted in 1971, 1978, of 37 European Open-Air Museums.III. Regional Variation in European Rural Houses (GeneralView)(1) Roof types and building materialswooden construction (log or sawn lumber), stone, traditionalhalf-timbering (fachwerk), brick, clay walls (including sundriedbricks)(2) House plan and farmstead typesthe unitary farmstead (single-story, multistory) the multiplestructurefarmstead (closed courtyard farmstead, open orscattered farmstead)European house types illustrate that for any one example thereare variations of roof types, house plans, farmstead types andbuilding materials.

著者

杉本 尚次 Hisatsugu Sugimoto

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.56-86, 1973-07

著者

杉本 尚次 Hisatsugu Sugimoto

雑誌

人文論究 (ISSN:02866773)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.1-19, 1999-05-20