著者

堀 麻佑子 沼田 恵太郎

出版者

関西学院大学心理科学研究室

雑誌

関西学院大学心理科学研究 = Kwansei Gakuin University, bulletin of psychological science research (ISSN:21876355)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.31-36, 2018-03

著者

堀 麻佑子 沼田 恵太郎 Mayuko Hori Keitaro Numata

雑誌

関西学院大学心理科学研究 = Kwansei Gakuin University Bulletin of Psychological Science Research (ISSN:21876355)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.31-36, 2018-03-25

著者

沼田 恵太郎 嶋崎 恒雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.1, pp.54-60, 2009 (Released:2012-02-14)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1 1

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We demonstrated second-order retrospective revaluation with three cues (T1,T2, and C) and an outcome, in human contingency learning. Experimental task, PC-controlled video game in which participants were required to observe about the relations between firing missiles and the tank destruction, consisted of three training phases and two rating phases. Groups C+ and C− consisted of same first two training phases, CT+ (cues C and T with an outcome) and T1T2+ followed by C+, or C− training for Groups C+, C−, respectively. In rating phases, it is clearly demonstrated that the judgment of predictive value for the outcome of the T2 were higher by C+ training (second-order unovershadowing) and lowered by C− training (second-order backward blocking). The results for Groups RC+ and RC−, in which the orders of the first two training phase for Groups C+ and C−were interchanged, also showed second-order unovershadowing and second-order backward blocking. These results, the robustness of second-order retrospective revaluation against the order of the first training phases, can be explained by the extended comparator hypothesis and probabilistic contrast model. However, these results cannot be explained by traditional associative learning models.

著者

沼田 恵太郎 宮田 洋 Keitaro Numata Yo Miyata

雑誌

人文論究 (ISSN:02866773)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.55-88, 2011-09-20

著者

堀 麻佑子 沼田 恵太郎 中島 定彦

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.6, pp.625-631, 2014

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This study investigated the effects of positive and negative reinforcement on superstitious behaviors. Participants were instructed to produce the word "GOOD" on a computer display (positive reinforcement condition) or to remove the word "BAD" (negative reinforcement condition) by pressing any of six keys. The words GOOD or BAD were presented at fixed-time intervals regardless of the participant's responses. In Experiment 1, only participants exposed to the negative reinforcement condition acquired superstitious behaviors. However, the observed asymmetry may not have been due to the polarity of consequences (positive vs. negative) but instead to the amount of time of goal states, because the period of the absence of BAD was longer than the period of the presence of GOOD. Experiment 2 varied the duration of word presentations to match the period of goal state between the positive and negative reinforcement conditions, and found that participants acquired superstitious behaviors equally under the two conditions. These results indicate that the duration of a consequence rather than its polarity is a critical factor controlling superstitious behaviors. The theoretical relationship between superstitious behavior and the illusion of control is discussed.

著者

河上 雄紀 沼田 恵太郎 大野 裕史

出版者

日本不安症学会

雑誌

不安症研究 (ISSN:21887578)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.38-45, 2021-11-30 (Released:2022-01-14)

参考文献数

17

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本研究では,他者の視線検出に関する注意バイアスについて,社交不安の観点から検証を行った。社交不安の高い者は,他者の視線方向への注意バイアスを示すと仮定した。社交不安:高群(n = 30)および社交不安:低群(n=29)に対し,多数の妨害刺激の中から直視またはよそ見の視線刺激を検出することを求めた(stare-in-the-crowdパラダイム)。その結果,直視視線の検出速度が両群で類似していることが示された。ただし,社交不安:高群は,よそ見視線の速やかな検出を示した。これらの知見は,社交不安が,よそ見よりも直視を優先的に検出するという注意バイアスを弱めることを示唆している。最後に,社交不安の機能と今後の研究の方向性について議論した。

著者

沼田 恵太郎 堀 麻佑子 嶋崎 恒雄

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.Supplement, pp.os15, 2018 (Released:2019-06-08)

著者

堀 麻佑子 沼田 恵太郎 中島 定彦 嶋﨑 恒雄

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.246-252, 2016-03-31 (Released:2016-05-13)

参考文献数

16

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People prefer unambiguity to ambiguity in decision making under ambiguity. This phenomenon, known as “ambiguity aversion,” is thought to be influenced by environmental and psychological factors. The present research demonstrated the effects of choice opportunity (the availability of choice of cards), competition (the presence vs. absence of a competitor), and stimulus familiarity (familiar playing cards vs. unfamiliar tarot cards) on choice of ambiguity. Participants preferred the ambiguous deck of cards when they were allowed to choose playing cards. In the tarot-card task, however, they did not show a preference for the ambiguous deck even if they could choose the cards by themselves. The competition factor had no effect on the participants' choice. These findings indicate that choice opportunity and stimulus familiarity affect decision making under ambiguity.