著者

狐塚 寛

出版者

公益社団法人 日本アイソトープ協会

雑誌

RADIOISOTOPES (ISSN:00338303)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.117-125, 1974-02-15 (Released:2010-07-21)

参考文献数

62

被引用文献数

2 2

著者

狐塚 寛 小山 又次郎 興津 知明

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.941-945, 1982-03-25 (Released:2008-03-31)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

5 6

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The murexide reaction of caffeine was investigated to clarify the pathway of the coloration. From the reaction mixture of caffeine with nitric acid, 1, 3-dimethylalloxan (II) and 1, 3, 7-trimethyl-2, 6-dioxo-8-nitro-1H, 3H, 7H-xanthine (IV) were isolated. Compound II was found to be the key intermediate, since it was converted to a purple-red-colored substance, murexoin (III), by treatment with conc. ammonia. It was found that 1-hydroxy-5, 7-dimethyl-2, 4, 6-trioxo-1H, 5H, 7H-oxazolo [4, 5-d] pyrimidine (I), previously obtained by the oxidation of caffeine with hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid, was also transformed to III with conc. ammonia. Consequently, the murexide reaction of caffeine was shown to have two pathways of coloration depending on the oxidizing agent employed. From the spectral data, a symmetrical structure (III) was assigned to murexoin in solution. Amalic acid, which has been reported as an intermediate of the murexide reaction of caffeine, can be ruled out on the basis of our experimental results.

著者

狐塚 寛 小山 又次郎 興津 知明

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.433-437, 1981

被引用文献数

7

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The murexide reaction was investigated to clarify the mechanism of the coloration, with caffeine as a model compound. From the reaction mixture of caffeine with hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid, 1-hydroxy-5, 7-dimethyl-2, 4, 6-trioxo-1H, 5H, 7H-oxazolo-[4, 5-d] pyrimidine (yellow oil) (I) and 1, 3, 7-trimethyl-2, 6, 8-trioxo-9-hydroxy-1H, 3H, 7H-xanthine (red powder) (II) were isolated, and these two compounds were shown to be responsible for the murexide reaction of caffeine. Compound I was regarded as a key intermediate, since its purple coloration with dil. ammonia was similar to that of caffeine developed by the murexide reaction. The absorption maximum of II corresponds to that of the red-colored solution obtained from the reaction of caffeine with hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid.

著者

狐塚 寛 小山 又次郎 興津 知明

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.433-437, 1981-02-25 (Released:2008-03-31)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

4 7

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The murexide reaction was investigated to clarify the mechanism of the coloration, with caffeine as a model compound. From the reaction mixture of caffeine with hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid, 1-hydroxy-5, 7-dimethyl-2, 4, 6-trioxo-1H, 5H, 7H-oxazolo-[4, 5-d] pyrimidine (yellow oil) (I) and 1, 3, 7-trimethyl-2, 6, 8-trioxo-9-hydroxy-1H, 3H, 7H-xanthine (red powder) (II) were isolated, and these two compounds were shown to be responsible for the murexide reaction of caffeine. Compound I was regarded as a key intermediate, since its purple coloration with dil. ammonia was similar to that of caffeine developed by the murexide reaction. The absorption maximum of II corresponds to that of the red-colored solution obtained from the reaction of caffeine with hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid.

著者

平田 博則 狐塚 寛 小野寺 威 津田 喜典 山岸 三郎 石井 永

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.9, pp.671-676, 1975-09-01

著者

狐塚 寛

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.115, no.3, pp.157-169, 1995-03-25

被引用文献数

8

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"Toxicology"includes a broad range of application such as environmental, clinical and forensic toxicology. These several kinds of applied toxicology forms a mutually connected ring. This ring is supported by a column called as deductive and detective analysis by the author."Deductive toxicology"is a way of thinking to solve toxicological problems more multidimensionally. In this paper, an application of this way to the study of bone lesions observed in Itai-itai diseased patients is described. In cultured embryonic chick bone, both cadmium and copper induced an atrophic change of the osseous tissue. However, zinc induced an osteomalacic change as a result of strong inhibition of calcification. These histological changes were supported by investigation using a culture system of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Cadmium stimulated bone resorption in a neonatal parietal bone. In addition, cadmium stimulated the formation of osteoclast-like cells in bone marrow cell culture. It is thus suggested that cadmium and copper are factors of osteoporosis whereas zinc is a factor of osteomalacia when they directly act on bone tissues. A simultaneous exposure of cadmium and zinc to cultured bones resulted in an osteomalacic change with or without inhibition of bone matrix formation. Copper caused an atrophic change in the absence or the presence of zinc. A combination of cadmium and copper induced a severe damage of osteoblasts and osteogenic mesenchymal cells. These results suggested that an interactive exhibition of heavy metal toxicity can cause various bone lesions such as osteomalacia, osteoporosis and osteoporomalacia. The idea that heavy metals can directly act on bone tissues and their interaction can induce various histological changes in the tissue will help an understanding of bone lesions in Itai-itai disease.

著者

須賀 哲弥 力久 忠昭 山内 盛 吉田 武美 三澤 美和 永井 恒司 富岡 清 鮫島 啓二郎 佐用 博照 三輪 亮寿 三川 潮 首藤 紘一 北澤 式文 辻 章夫 寺尾 允男 粟津 荘司 野村 靖幸 狐塚 寛 濱田 昭

出版者

東京薬科大学

雑誌

総合研究(A)

巻号頁・発行日

1991

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1.薬学はpharamaceutical sciencesと言われる通り多くの分野の学術の複合または総合とみられ、したがって各境界領域もまた多数にのぼっていて、学術擁護に多くの問題をかかえている。このため、当面薬学全域を8分野((1)衛生化学・裁判化学・公衆衛生学・微生物学・香粧品学、(2)薬理学(関連する医学)・臨床生理学・代謝学・毒性学、(3)薬事法規と関連分野、(4)調剤業務・薬品処理・処方箋と関係分野、(5)薬剤学・調剤学・薬剤製造学・製剤工学・臨床薬学(臨床薬剤学)、(6)生薬学・天然物化学・薬化学・物理化学、(7)分析化学・分析機器(試験法も)、(8)薬局法と関係分野(局法収載品名・測定法名・試薬名等)に分け、各分野に研究総括者と分野統括者を置き、その他に多数のチェッカーを置いて、新語、従来と同一語の他、カナ書き用語、略語で汎用されている語等々問題のある学術用語の収集に総力を傾注して遺漏なきを期した。2.初年度は基本方針を立て、基礎データの収集を行い、2年度は薬学会方式の、一語一語に評点をつけて重要度を客観的に評価する方式を十分活用して、基礎データを増やしながら、現に使用される度合いの低いものを減らして、現在の薬学用語集とした。これにつき日本薬学会の年会時等の折りを利用して広く意見を聞きコンセンサスを得たものとした。3.領域間の調整は、特に青戸邦天氏(学術情報センター)のお手を患わせて精細なチェックデータを得、これに基づき十分時間をかけて検討し、領域別による語義の差、用法の差などを番号によって区分し、標準化を明晰な形で行うことを心掛けた。4.以上のようにして、標準化された約8000語の薬学用語を選定した。