著者

金子 克哉 伊藤 公一 安部 祐一

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.109-118, 2010-04-30

参考文献数

10

---

Monitoring of volcanic phenomena close to active volcanic vents and inside active craters is needed to predict change of volcanic activities and to understand dynamics of volcanic eruptions. In order to carry out safe volcanic monitoring, we have developed a prototype of a mobile sensor for volcanic observation "HOMURA" which is a new robotic system that has been designed to observe volcanic phenomena inside active volcanic craters. HOMURA is a small unmanned ground vehicle (approx. 780×560×300mm in dimension and 10kg in weight) with six wheels driven by electric motors and it is operated by wireless remote control at a distance of more than 1km. Data measured by some sensors in HOMURA are sent to the base station in real time. Materials of the vehicle body and wheels are aluminum with 2mm thick and plywood with 9mm thick, respectively. HOMURA can climb up and down a rough surface with slope angle of 30 degree. In addition, HOMURA does not readily become undrivable even in overturning during climbing because it has a unique body shape with a horizontal symmetry plane. HOMURA can be made and transported to mission fields at small costs. These allow us to make a new vehicle even if HOMURA should be lost by accident during missions and promptly to explore a sudden volcanic event by HOMURA. In test campaigns at Aso volcano and Izu-Oshima volcano, we confirmed that HOMURA has planned abilities on moving on rough surfaces and wireless communication.

著者

金子 克哉 伊藤 公一 安部 祐一

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

日本火山学会講演予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2009, 2009-10-10

著者

巽 好幸 末永 伸明 吉岡 祥一 金子 克哉

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.130, no.4, pp.585-597, 2021-08-25 (Released:2021-09-23)

参考文献数

58

被引用文献数

2 2

---

Water circulation, along with plate subduction, is considered based on the stabilities of hydrous phases and pressure–temperature profiles of the sinking oceanic plate. Water in a rather hot slab like the present one may be largely liberated at shallow depths (< 150 km) and return to the ocean via. arc magmatism. On the other hand, stabilization of dense hydrous minerals under cooler conditions, which current subduction zones will soon experience, causes the transportation or reflux of seawater to the deep mantle, which reduces the total mass of surface seawater. Simple calculations accepting water contents in the subducting slab suggested by a recent seismic velocity structure model indicate that the Earth's oceans are likely to disappear ∼80 million years hence. Significant changes may happen such as the end of plate tectonics and the onset of snowball Earth, with associated catastrophes affecting life. The only way to confirm this picture of the future of the ocean planet Earth is to examine deep hydration taking place along the outer rise through direct analyses of the upper mantle across the Moho.

著者

金子 克哉 鎌田 浩毅 小屋口 剛博

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本火山学会

雑誌

日本火山学会講演予稿集 (ISSN:24335320)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1999, 1999

著者

清杉 孝司 巽 好幸 鈴木 桂子 金子 克哉 中岡 礼奈 山本 由弦 羽生 毅 清水 賢 島 伸和 松野 哲男 菊池 瞭平 山口 寛登

雑誌

JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2020

巻号頁・発行日

2020-03-13

---

Catastrophic caldera-forming eruptions that discharge more than 40 km3 of Si–rich magma as pyroclastics are rare but extremely hazardous events (eruption magnitude >7). Estimating the eruption volume of pyroclastics and the magma discharge rate in caldera–cycle is essential in evaluating the risk and cause of catastrophic caldera–forming eruptions. For this reason, we took sediment cores with Hydraulic Piston Coring System (HPCS) and Short HPCS (S-HPCS) of D/V Chikyu at Kikai volcano in January 11–14, 2020. Kikai volcano (Kikai caldera) is located about 45 km off southern Kyushu Island, Japan. Except two islands (Satsuma Iwo-Jima Island and Take-Shima Island) on the northern part of the caldera rim, most of the caldera structure is under the sea. At Kikai volcano, three ignimbrites are known; the 140 ka Koabi ignimbrite, the 95 ka Nagase ignimbrite, and the latest 7.3 ka Koya ignimbrite.Sediments were recovered from 5 sites about 4.3 km off the northeastern side of Take-Shima Island. Each drilling site was separated by 10–20 m from any other site. The sediment was not consolidated. Bioturbation was not observed. The sediment sequence, from the top of the cores, consists of gravel unit, ill-sorted lapilli unit, reddish tephra unit, sandy silt unit, and white tephra unit. The sedimentary facies of these sediments is as follows.Gravel unit: The presence of this unit in the upper part of the sequence is suggested by gravels which fell in the drilling holes and recovered with the sediments of the lower sequence. The gravels are consist of white tuffaceous rock, obsidian, gray volcanic rock, reddish altered volcanic rock, gray pumice and altered pumice. They are angular to sub-angular in shape and varying in size up to 5 cm in diameter.Ill-sorted lapilli unit: This deposit consists of ill-sorted lapilli size light yellow colored pumices and lithics of dark volcanic rock, gray volcanic rock, and obsidian. The maximum grain size of the pumice is more than 5 cm, whereas the maximum grain size of the lithic is about 4 cm. The abundance of the pumice component varies with depth. The thickness of the unit is more than 7 m at the drilling sites. The color of the pumice suggests that this unit may be a secondary deposit of underlying Koya ignimbrite deposit.Reddish tephra unit: It consists of layers (maximum thickness at least 40 cm) of slightly reddish to orange ill-sorted pumice lapilli and thin layers (~1 cm thick) of relatively well-sorted ash. The thickness of the deposit is more than 5 m at the drilling sites. The characteristic color of pumice suggests that this unit is the deposit of Koya ignimbrite. Formation of relatively thin layers of lapilli and ash may be due to the deposition under the sea.Sandy silt unit: It consists of very fine fragments of black volcanic rock. The sediment contains small fragments (~5 mm) of sea shells and other organic materials. Foraminifars were also contained in this deposit. The thickness of this unit is at least 20.36 m.White tephra unit: This deposit mainly consists of ill-sorted white pumice lapilli and relatively well-sorted ash. The maximum pumice size is at least 11 cm. The thickness of the deposit is at least 30 m. The deposit is characterized by the presence of crystals of quartz, which is known as a remarkable feature of the Nagase ignimbrite deposit to distinguish it from the other tephra at Kikai volcano. Especially, the middle part of the recovered Nagase ignimbrite deposit (63–64 m below the seafloor) shows unique sedimentary face: it consists of only crystals of quartz (<2 mm in size), orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene (<1 mm in size), and magnetite (<2 mm in size). Formation of the sedimentary face may be due to the deposition of hot ignimbrite under the sea.Description of these sedimentary units is essential to distinguish the ignimbrite deposits and understand their flow behavior in the sea. We will show the detail of these sedimentary facies in the presentation.

著者

西原 歩 巽 好幸 鈴木 桂子 金子 克哉 木村 純一 常 青 日向 宏伸

出版者

日本地球惑星科学連合

雑誌

日本地球惑星科学連合2018年大会

巻号頁・発行日

2018-03-14

---

破局的カルデラ形成噴火を生じる膨大な珪長質マグマの起源を理解するために,3万年前に生じた姶良火砕噴火で噴出した入戸火砕流中に含まれる本質岩片の地球化学的・岩石学的特徴を考察した.流紋岩質の白色軽石及び暗色軽石に含まれる斜長石斑晶のコア組成は~An85と~An40にピークを持つバイモーダルな分布を示すことに対して,安山岩質スコリアの斜長石斑晶は~An80にピークを持つユニモーダルな分布を示す.高An(An#=70-90)と低An(An#=30-50)斜長石コアのストロンチウム同位体比は,それぞれ87Sr/86Sr=0.7068±0.0008,0.7059±0.0002である.これらの測定結果は,姶良火砕噴火で噴出した膨大な量の流紋岩質マグマは,高An斜長石の起源である安山岩質マグマと低An斜長石の起源である珪長質マグマの混合によって生じたことを示唆する.苦鉄質マグマからわずかに分化してできた考えられる安山岩質マグマから晶出した斜長石のSr同位体比は,中新世の花崗岩や四万十累層の堆積岩など,高いSr同位体比をもつ上部地殻の岩石を同化したトレンドを持つ.このことは,安山岩質マグマと珪長質マグマの混合が上部地殻浅部で生じたことを示唆する.また,流紋岩質マグマは基盤岩より斜長石中のSr同位体比が低く,基盤岩との同化をほぼ生じていない安山岩質マグマ(英文にあわせてみました)と似たような組成を持つ.このことは,珪長質マグマと苦鉄質マグマは,姶良カルデラ深部の下部地殻のような同一の起源物質から生じているとして説明できる.

著者

金子 克哉 伊藤 公一 安部 祐一 岩堀 功大

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

日本火山学会講演予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2010, 2010-10-09

著者

佐伯 和人 金子 克哉

出版者

大阪大学

雑誌

挑戦的萌芽研究

巻号頁・発行日

2011

---

活発に活動する火山に観測ロボットを投入する際に、その成果を左右する最大の課題は、観測ロボットとの通信の確保である。本研究では、既存の携帯電話端末に適切なソフトウェアや付加ハードウェアを加えることで、観測ロボットにコマンドを送り、観測ロボットからの観測データを受信するための、火山観測用データ通信コアシステムを開発した。また、このシステムを無人観測飛行機や無人観測車に搭載し、伊豆大島で、次の火山噴火時の観測に備えた実証試験を行った。