著者
雨田 英一 Eiichi Ameda
出版者
学習院大学東洋文化研究所
雑誌
東洋文化研究 = Journal of Asian cultures (ISSN:13449850)
巻号頁・発行日
no.2, pp.385-418, 2000-03-31

Fukuzawa Yukichi福沢諭吉was a very enthusiastic nationalist in modern Japan. At the salne time, he absolutely insisted that all freedoms and rights be guaranteed to a11 individuals. It was a persistent purpose throughout his work to show how to achieve both individual and national independence without contradiction. He claimed that it depended upon a sweeping transformation of the Japanese people, and that the chief agenda for bringing about that transformation was not only education, but also race improvement. Some may claim that there was logically an inherent contradiction in his statements,1eading him into an intellectual dilemma, since race improvement is contrary to the inalienable rights of mankind that he had defended. However, in Fukuzawa’s view, there was no contradiction; in fact, we cannot show that he ever faced such a dilemma. The reason why is explained in the present article, which deals with some basic elements of Fukuzawa’s thought.
著者
雨田 英一
出版者
東京女子大学
雑誌
東京女子大学紀要論集 (ISSN:04934350)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, no.1, pp.187-208, 2015-09

The Ministry of Education, Science and Culture revised the Course of Study in 2015. Morality was introduced as a special subject in this New Course of Study. Teachers will have to use the government authorized textbook and assess students' learning.Classes will begin in junior high schools in April 2019 and in April 2018 at elementary schools.The main object of the revision is aimed at moral education that enables students improve their ability to use their knowledge in daily life. It is emphasized that for this purpose, current teaching methods in which teachers mostly make students interpret texts, have to be replaced by new methods in which students find a problem in daily life, analyze the situation multilaterally and search for a way to solue the problem.The aim of this paper is to analyze the introduction of Morality in primary and junior secondary school education, and to try to throw light on the meaning and problems of moral education at schools in Japan today.The focus is on:1. ‌The process, the point and the theme of the introduction of Special subject Morality2. ‌The basic character and problem of the moral education in the prewar period―The Hare and the Tortoise in a textbook published by Shuushin3. The basic character and problem of moral education in the postwar period―The Magician and Seijitsu, the most popular teaching materials4. ‌The basic characteristics and problems with Seijitsu, which is related to the foundation of the Japanese life-style.2015年に、文部科学省は学習指導要領を改正した。これによって、「特別の教科 道徳」が新たに設置された。教師は検定教科書を使用し、生徒の学習状況を評価すことになる。小学校では2018年4月から、中学校では翌年4月から2019年度から実施される。改訂の眼目は、子どもの日常生活で力となる道徳授業を目指すということであった。そのために、これまでの読み物中心の授業から、子ども自身が日常生活のなかで問題を発見し、多面的多角的に捉え、解決する道を探求する道徳授業に変える必要性を強調している。本稿の目的は、小・中学校の教育への「特別の教科 道徳」の導入を分析し、日本の学校教育における道徳教育の基本的な性格と問題点課題を明らかにすることである。焦点は以下のところに置いた。1. 「特別の教科 道徳」の導入の経緯と意義と課題2. 戦前期の道徳教育の基本的性格と問題点 修身教科書に載った「ウサギとカメ」3. 戦後の道徳教育の問題点 最もポピュラーな教材である「手品師」の「誠実」4. 日本人の生き方の根本に関連した「誠実」の問題点と課題
著者
雨田 英一
出版者
東京女子大学
雑誌
東京女子大学紀要論集 (ISSN:04934350)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, no.1, pp.227-248, 2011-09

In this paper, I tried to investigate Nyosekan Hasegawa's motives for publishing "NIHON KYOUIKU NO DENTOU (Traditional Education of Japan)", and attempt to make clear the fundamental features and limits of Nyosekan Hasegawa's thought on the traditional education system of Japan.Nyosekan (1875-1969) claimed that all Japanese people were expected to inherit, continue and develop the Japanese traditional education that had been handed down from generation to generation since ancient times. He thought that Japanese-style living had made Japanese people into the Japanese nation and that it was the national education system of Japan which carried it out, but that the Western education system had weakened traditional Japanese education. The tradition had faded and died.Japan faced great hardship, Hasegawa awoke Japanese people up to the need for a change of life style. He worked to understand the traditional Japanese education. The focus of this paper is on:1. The opinions on tradition and national education in Japan of the magazine "NIPPON KYOUIKU" published in 1941.2. Hasegawa's thought on Japanese-style living, that had lasted since ancient times.3. An apprenticeship system that included both vocational education and character building as part of a traditional Japanese education.小論で私は,長谷川如是閑がなぜ1943年に『日本教育の伝統』を出版したのか,その動機を探り,彼の日本教育と伝統の思想について,その基本的な性格と限界を明らかにしようと努めた.長谷川如是閑(1875-1969)は すべての日本人は,古代から伝えられてきた日本教育の伝統を引き継ぎ,発展することを期待されているのだと主張した.彼は,日本国民は日本人の生活様式を具現した生活によって育成されてきたのであり,それが日本の国民教育であったとしていた.しかし,西洋の教育制度の影響によってその伝統が弱体化してきた.その伝統は弱まり,もはや生命力を持たない.日本は危機に瀕している,長谷川は,日本人に伝統的な生活様式を再生する必要性に目覚めさせ,その伝統を理解できるよう努めるべく,『日本教育の伝統』を出版したのだった.小論で焦点を当てたのは,1. 1941年に出版された『日本教育』誌上での伝統と国民教育についての論議。2. 古来から伝統として伝わった日本の生活様式についての長谷川の思想。3. 伝統的教育とされる,職業教育と人格教育を併せもった徒弟制度。