著者

八木 俊介

出版者

公益社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.10, pp.367-374, 2021-10-01 (Released:2021-09-25)

参考文献数

53

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Research and development of innovative energy storage and conversion devices are being actively pursued, such as supercapacitors, metal-air batteries, fuel cells, redox flow batteries, and rechargeable batteries using ions other than lithium ions as carrier ions. This review describes in detail the advantages and disadvantages of magnesium rechargeable batteries using magnesium ions as carrier ions. In addition, the key points of electrolyte development are explained. Furthermore, the progress and future challenges of electrolyte research, one of the most important elements of magnesium rechargeable batteries, are discussed in detail.

著者

吉村 彰大 松野 泰也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.1, pp.23-29, 2019-01-01 (Released:2018-12-25)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

11 10

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In this paper, a novel method for recovering platinum using molten FeCl3-KCl system as “dry aqua regia” is presented. The method consists of the dissolution of platinum by molten FeCl3-KCl system and the recovery of dissolved platinum by the solvent leaching of frozen FeCl3-KCl, using the different solubility between platinum compounds and iron compounds for the solvents. Platinum dissolution was conducted in the molten FeCl3-KCl system at 585-655 K. The maximum dissolution rate of platinum was 0.45 mol・m−2・h−1, which is fast enough compared with the hydrometallurgy process using aqua regia or electrochemical dissolution process in ionic liquid. And dissolved platinum recovered as K2(PtCl6) by the solvent leaching of frozen FeCl3-KCl using water or ethanol. This “dry aqua regia” process have a number of advantages, including low energy consumption, easy operation and low toxicity of chemicals compared with pyrometallurgy process and hydrometallurgy process, as recycling process of platinum.

著者

木村 智人 鈴木 崇宣 小泉 裕 横川 忠晴 原田 広史 今井 八郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.11, pp.1041-1045, 2007 (Released:2007-11-02)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

8 9

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A post service examination of a turbine blade from a civil aeroengine has been carried out to ascertain the degree of microstructural coarsening and the distribution of crack damage induced during service. This was with the purpose to elucidate their correlation with the actual operating conditions. Samples were sectioned from different parts of the turbine blade for detailed examination by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The average length of cracks was used as one of the parameters to quantitatively illustrate the distribution of cracks on the turbine blade. Experimental results suggested that cracks were mainly concentrated on certain area of the pressure side. Leading edge of the suction side of the turbine blade consisted of mostly coarsened microstructure due to higher temperature exposure. In conclusions, there was no clear correlation between the crack damage distribution and the degree of microstructure evolution.

著者

世利 修美 丹野 聡司

出版者

公益社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.11, pp.878-883, 2009 (Released:2009-11-01)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

7 7

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Behavior of dry corrosion which is electrochemical reaction between Al-Mg-Si alloy 6063 and ethanol in gasoline has been investigated. Dry corrosion has not been observed in E3 (3% ethanol) and E10 (10% ethanol) at room temperature, but observed in E3 and E10 when a small amount of aluminum chloride had been added to them at room temperature. The higher solution temperature is, the more often the dry corrosion occurs. Dry corrosion has also been observed in the above solution environments in which 0.1% and 1% water contained. Occurrence of dry corrosion was detected by the area polarization method, which revealed that initiation and propagation of the dry corrosion corresponds to the decrease of anodic polarized resistance of 6063.

著者

本間 敏夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.4, pp.263-267, 1957 (Released:2008-04-04)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

6 9

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The characteristics of Umklapp transformation in Fe-Ni alloy containing 31%Ni were clarified through various experiments. (1) The Umklapp process is characterized by a burst phenomenon. (2) Great kinetic energy accompanied by the umklapp process can make a martensite leaf propagate into a temperature range higher than the usual γ→α transformation temperature in a single crystal with temperature gradient. (3) The 1st burst temperature is scattered statistically in a wide range of temperature. (4) The transformation amounts produced by the 1st burst increases with the degree of supercooling.

著者

宮川 長二 羽田 紘一 後藤 公美 宮原 鉄洲

出版者

公益社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.11, pp.1168-1176, 1989 (Released:2008-04-04)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2 1

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Small particles of Fe3C (cementite) in an acicular shape (0.2 μm in length, 10/1 in axial ratio) have been synthesized by heating acicular shaped powders of iron (α-Fe) in a flow of carbon monoxide or/and hydrogen gas mixture. X-ray analyses, electron microscopy, magnetic measurements and Mössbauer spectroscopy are employed for the characterizations. The chemical treatment required to obtain single phase Fe3C particles has been studied in the carburizing temperature range from 623 to 873 K. The saturation magnetization (σs) and intrinsic coercive force (iHc) attained are around 138×10−6 Wb·m·kg−1 (110 emu·g−1) and 51.7 kA·m−1 (650 Oe), respectively. Possible applications for magnetic recording powders are found for Fe3C particles synthesized at 823 K and above through a durability test of magnetic properties, by placing the particles in air of 333 K-90% relative humidity for a prolonged time.

著者

藤田 浩示 高原 良博

出版者

公益社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.11, pp.1057-1060, 2007 (Released:2007-11-02)

参考文献数

9

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We have studied the effect of the chlorine addition on the ultraviolet transmission property of soda-lime glasses to develop the ultraviolet penetration glass with soda-lime compositions. At first, a molecular-dynamics calculation is carried out to investigate how the addition of chlorine has influence on the non-bridged oxygen which causes the absorption of ultraviolet in the soda-lime glass. It is shown from the calculation that the chlorine addition reduces the amount of the non-bridged oxygen. Based on the result, we fabricate the soda-lime glasses containing chlorine by using a platinum crucible, and then measure the transmittance of ultraviolet at 260 nm wavelength. Apparent improvement of ultraviolet transmittance of the soda-lime glasses is confirmed from the measurements. As a result, improvement of ultraviolet transmittance is below 10%, so enough improvement of ultraviolet transmittance is not available by addition of chlorine.

著者

高林 弘実 北田 正弘 辻本 勝浩

出版者

公益社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.7, pp.538-543, 2005 (Released:2005-10-12)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

3 3

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The discoloration and chemical composition changes of red-lead used for wood-block print made in the late Edo period have been investigated. Both the chromaticity and lightness of red-lead decrease with discoloration, and its hue exhibits very little change. This is due to the reflectance decrease of red-lead in a long-wavelength range beyond the absorption edge of 580 nm. Red-lead is a mixture of Pb3O4 and β-PbO and has a grain size of 0.05-0.2 μm. The X-ray diffraction intensity of β-PbO considerably decreases with discoloration in comparison with that from Pb3O4. This result shows that β-PbO is more reactive than Pb3O4 in the mixture. The results of XPS measurement suggest that both lead chloride and lead carbonate exist in the surface layer of red-lead.

著者

蒲地 一嘉

出版者

公益社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.4, pp.401-406, 1982 (Released:2008-04-04)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1

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Since austenitic stainless steels have some useful properties for medical instruments, such as high corrosion resistance, high strength and high elasticity, they are used as needles for acupancture and anesthesia. The failure of the needles, however, have been reported to occur during medical treatments. This becomes a serious problem for both a doctor and a patient.Causes of the failure have been studied in the present paper and the following conclusion has been derived; In case in which the needle is used as an anode, the failure occurs due to pitting corrosion, whereas, in case in which it is used as a cathode, embrittlement due to hydride formation occurs.

著者

井野 博満 上澤 千尋 伊東 良徳

出版者

公益社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.4, pp.261-267, 2008 (Released:2008-04-01)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 1

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Surveillance data for pressure vessel steels of the 51 LWR plants in Japan were analyzed to make clear the effect of neutron irradiation on the brittle transition temperature of the steels. The clear difference observed in the rise of the ductile to brittle transition temperature between the normal and accelerated irradiation samples is considered to be due to the effect of neutron flux. The present analysis is discussed in comparison with the result of computer simulation based on the rate equations of the radiation damage process and the recent experiments of APFIM and positron annihilation.

著者

佐々木 靖男 天野 宗幸

出版者

公益社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.77-81, 1971 (Released:2008-04-04)

参考文献数

9

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The alloys containing 3.8 at%, 7.2 at% and 14.5 at% hydrogen were prepared and were comminuted with a ball mill. The particle size distribution of the powders was measured by screen analyses, and microscopic observation of the particle shape was carried out.The main results obtained are as follows:(1) The alloys are brittle enough to be comminuted readily.(2) Cracking and fragmentation of the alloys are enhanced by thermal cycling in the hydrogenation process.(3) With increasing the hydrogen content in the alloys, a higher percentage of fine particles is obtained.(4) Particle shape varies with the hydrogen content of the alloys. Rounded or irregular particles are obtained from the lower concentration alloys and acicular or angular particles from the higher concentration alloy.

著者

小原 嗣朗 武藤 範雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.4, pp.411-416, 1981 (Released:2008-04-04)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

12 9

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The compatibility of SiC fibers with aluminum was investigated. The SiC fibers made from an organosilicon polymer was used in the present study. The fiber specimens were aluminum-coated by vacuum evaporation and heat treated at temperatures 673 to 873 K for 90 ks, or 973 to 1373 K for 1.8 ks in an argon atmosphere. Then, the fiber specimens were tensile tested at room temperature.For the solid state aluminum, the SiC fibers showed no loss in tensile strength after the heat treatments at 673 to 773 K, but showed a slight degradation in tensile strength after the heat treatment at 873 K. For the liquid state aluminum, the SiC fibers showed a noticeable degradation in tensile strength after the heat treatments at temperatures higher than 973 K. However, the degradation in tensile strength was decreased in the solid and the liquid state by alloying Si with aluminum.

著者

西田 恵三 室橋 春光 山本 強

出版者

公益社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.11, pp.1101-1106, 1977 (Released:2008-04-04)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2 6

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Iron test pieces were diffusion-annealed in an evacuated silica capsule containing the powdered (100∼200 mesh) 50 wt%Sb-Fe alloy consisting of α and ε phases as an Sb vapor source for 9∼440 hr at 700∼950°C. The test pieces were then analysed with an EPMA and the penetration curves of them were obtained.Each penetration curve was analysed by means of the Matano-Boltzmann method to obtain the chemical diffusion coefficients (\ ildeD). From these values the activation energies for diffusion (\ ildeQ) were calculated.Surface concentration of the test pieces (αmax) at each annealing temperature coincided approximately with the solubility observed in the phase diagram of an Fe-Sb system at lower temperatures, while a significant deviation was found in solubility at higher temperatures. Fine alumina makers placed on the test pieces prior to diffusion were found always on the surfaces after annealing so that it is considered that Sb atoms diffuse predominantly in the α-phase of this system. Each penetration curve was similar to an error function curve and \ ildeD at each temperature showed a relatively small dependence upon Sb concentration. There was a gap in the Arrhenius plot owing to magnetic transformation. The activation energies for diffusion (\ ildeQ) obtained from the data at higher temperatures varied from 59.5 kcal/mol for 1 at%Sb to 52.5 kcal/mol for 4 at%Sb and that for impurity diffusion of Sb in iron (QSb*) was evaluated to be about 63 kcal/mol.

著者

藤垣 裕子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.12, pp.1246-1252, 2002 (Released:2008-04-24)

参考文献数

13

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To establish the risk-based material engineering, survey of basic concepts on social risk is inevitable. The present study first surveyed the concept of “social risk” based on the basic literatures in the area of STS (Science and Technology Studies). Social rationality is considered as the concept to legitimate the decision making for public problems that even scientists and engineers cannot provide the right answers. Consensus conference, Focus goups, and Science shops are introduced as social devices to construct social rationality for selecting/evaluating the engineering for future society. These concepts and devices are important for construct the future of risk-based material engineering.

著者

美馬 源次 倉貫 好雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.95-99, 1958 (Released:2008-04-04)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2 1

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The surface tension of fluxes and the interface tension between molten Sn and fluxes were measured by the maximum bubble method and the drop weight method, respectively, in the temperature range of 300∼500°. The fluxes used were ZnCl2, SnCl2 and mixtures of ZnCl2 and NH4Cl NaCl, KCl or SnCl2. The results obtained are summarized as follows: (1) The surface tension of SnCl decreased while the surface tension of ZnCl2 increased with rising temperature. (2) The surface tension of mixed fluxes increased as the quantity of the 2nd or the 3rd element added to ZnCl2 increased. (3) The interface tension between Sn and ZnCl2 is expressed by the following equation: σ=730.4−0.564θ; where σ: interface tension, dynes/cm, θ: temperature, °C; (4) In the case of Sn and 2 component fluxes, it may be said that the addition of NH4Cl to ZnCl2 results in a larger decrease of the interface tension than the addition of NaCl, but the addition of SnCl2 shows no effect and the addition of KCl shows a small increase of the interface tension. (5) In the case of Sn and 3 component fluxes, by the addition of the 3rd elements (NaCl, SnCl2) to ZnCl2-NH4Cl, the decreasing effect of the interface tension by the 2nd element (NH4Cl) was lost.

著者

須藤 一 山名 紳一郎 山口 紀之

出版者

公益社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.11, pp.1172-1179, 1977

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Static and Impact tension tests have been carried out in order to investigate the effects of the aging condition and the deformation speed on the elongation per cent and reduction of area of Al-4.0%Cu and Al-12.6%Ag alloys which aged in the various stages.<BR>The results obtained are as follows:<BR>(1)&emsp;With increasing impact velocity, the ductility generally increases in a well-known manner and the dimples formed on the fracture surface is enlarged in mean size.<BR>(2)&emsp;As-quenched specimens and those in the incipient stages of aging have a small amount of precipitates which are the source of void formation. Accordingly, the ductility of these alloys was often decreased by impact tension owing to slipping-off fracture or grain boundary brittle fracture.<BR>(3)&emsp;Grain boundary ductile fracture takes place in the static tension of fully aged or over-aged alloys by linking voids formed around grain boundary precipitates. In the impact tension, however, transgranular fracture occurs with the resulting excellent reduction in area.

著者

小野寺 龍太 祝 桂合 森田 泉

出版者

公益社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.5, pp.521-527, 2002 (Released:2008-04-24)

参考文献数

24

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We examined the effect of grain size on flow stress and yield-point phenomena in variously heat-treated low-carbon steel specimens. We found that the experimental results are easily understood if the flow stress consists of two internal stresses, Yint and Yir. Yint is a common internal stress that is work hardened; Yir is the cause of yield-point phenomena, and its value is supposed to be rapidly decreased (work-softened) to zero with strain. Both Yint and Yir were affected by grain size. Furthermore, the effect of heat treatment was strong on Yint but weak on Yir. The Hall-Petch coefficient k was appreciably larger at lower yield points than in the large strain region. This comparison supports the hypothesis of the existence of two internal stresses because the grain size dependence of flow stress at lower yield points has two origins, Yint and Yir, whereas the latter case has only one origin, Yint. In the strain region exceeding yield-point elongation, the stress-strain curves of specimens with various grain sizes were perfectly superposed on each other by parallel translation, which means that if Yint is expressed as Yint(ε)=f(ε) for a specimen with a certain grain size, it is expressed as Yint(ε)=f(ε+Δε)−Δσ for arbitrary grain size specimens, where Δε and Δσ are the amounts of translation in strain and stress, respectively.

著者

城戸 竜太 桑野 亮一 日野 実 村山 敬祐 黒坂 成吾 小田 幸典 堀川 敬太郎 金谷 輝人

出版者

公益社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.3, pp.74-79, 2020-03-01 (Released:2020-02-25)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1 1

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In this study, the effect of anodization and electroless Ni-P plating on the fatigue strength of commercial A5052-H14 and A2017-T4 aluminum alloys was investigated. The coated aluminum alloys were tested using a rotary bending fatigue testing machine. Anodization led to a slight increase in the fatigue strength of the A2017-T4 alloy of approximately 10% because of the suppression of the generation of fatigue crack, and anodization with a 5-µm thickness for A5052-H14 also led to a slight increase in the fatigue strength. However, anodization with a 20-µm thickness for A5052-H14 led to reduced fatigue strength because of the pits that formed in the film. In addition, electroless Ni-P plating drastically improved the fatigue strength of the A5052-H14 alloy by suppressing the generation of fatigue crack.It also improved the fatigue strength of the A2017-T4 alloy in the high-stress region. However, the fatigue strength in the low-stress region was the same as that of the non-coated specimens.This fatigue strength should have originated from the hydrogen embrittlement by the hydrogen introduced into the specimen during the plating.

著者

吉弘 辰明 土山 聡宏 高木 節雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.7, pp.362-367, 2003 (Released:2008-04-24)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

2 2

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Chemical reaction process(Ti+CrB→Cr+TiB) of isolated CrB particle in a Ti powder compact was investigated to find a proper sintering condition for producing TiB/Ti composites by reaction sintering. EPMA analysis revealed that the formation of TiB starts at 1223 K during heated with the rate of 0.17 K/s. The reaction proceeds topochemically with the movement of a reaction band from the particle surface to inside. The unreacted-core model was applied to the reaction of a CrB particle for the analyse the reaction rate of CrB particle. It was found that diffusion of Ti and Cr atoms in a TiB layer controls the whole reaction rate, and then the time of reaction finish at 1223 K was estimated as a function of initial CrB particle radius.

著者

太田 和一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.8, pp.417-421, 1956 (Released:2008-04-04)

参考文献数

1

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The distribution of hardness in transverse and oblique sections of a cold rolled Armco iron and nickel was measured. The distribution curves showed a convex form up to some degrees of working. The effect of skin pass upon the distribution of hardners and the relationship between the distribution of hardness and residual stress were also studied.