著者

外山 敏雄

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1977, no.9, pp.141-154, 1976-09-01 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

49

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これまで『英学史研究』3号, 7号において札幌農学校の英学について小論を発表したが, 本稿では, 同校出身の英学者たちの面を少しく掘りさげ, その面から, この学校が日本英学史上でいかなる位置を占めるかをうかがってみたい。これまでの調査をもとにして, 彼等の主な業績をあげ, さらに, 英学上で彼等とじかに接触し影響下にあった人々にもふれてどのような裾野がひらけているか展望を試みることにする。

著者

佐藤 勇夫

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1991, no.23, pp.29-39, 1990

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My object in writing this paper is to disclose European and American poets' real names selected and their poems translated into Japanese by Ohwada Takeki for his book <I>Ohbei Meika Shishu</I> (<I>Selected Poems from the works of the Famous European and American Authors</I>, 1894) and discuss his way of translating European and American poetry into Japanese and the characteristics that distinguish the book from other Japanese translation books of Western poetry.<BR>Ohwada Takeki was born on 29th of April, 1857, in the province of Iyo where is now called Ehime Prefecture and died a scholar in Japanese literature at the age of 54, in 1910, in Tokyo. During his life he wrote his 97 books, 154 volumes of his travel diary and many dozens of his songs. Among them, the book is well-known to the Japanese and may deserve to be studied in the field of historical studies of English poetry translated to suit Japanese readers.<BR>Almost twelve years earlier than the book appeared, a book entitled <I>Shin-Taishi Sho</I> (<I>A Selection of Poems in New Style</I>, 1882) was published by Maruya Zenshichi in Tokyo. By publishing this book the three co-authors may be said to have tried a literary experiment in writing their poetry in new style.<BR>Ohwada Takeki chose 65 European and American poets and their 106 poems for the book and translated them into Japanese poems in new style, I should say, to improve the results of the experiment.<BR>Focusing on 99 English and American poems from among 106 poems taken in the book, it might be worth noting that they were familiar to the Japanese of those days; all the images of nature and human life are dealt with in them; they took their share in the making of the literary movement towards romanticism in history of Japanese litrature; they are quite different from English poetry which the Japanese poets of the symbolist school were influenced by; and they are translated in the middle way between paraphrase and imitation according to Dryden's theory of translation, therefore, Ohwada Takeki's aim was, I may add, to translate poetry, not simply the words of poems.

著者

山下 重一

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1979, no.11, pp.51-63, 1978-07-01 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

34

著者

出来 成訓

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1971, no.3, pp.84-93, 1971-06-01 (Released:2009-09-16)

著者

定宗 一宏

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1982, no.14, pp.155-165, 1981 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

5

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This report is concerned with Hiroshima English School. Hiroshima Foreign Language School renamed Hiroshima English School in 1870.As I own some basic historical materials concerning Hiroshima English School. I have introduced some of them and added some explanation to them.

著者

定宗 一宏

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1981, no.13, pp.19-27, 1980 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

1

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The Ministry of Education established Hiroshima Foreign Language School, at Otemachi, Hiroshima City in 1870.In those days there were as many as 98 foreign language schools, public and private reflecting the social conditions of the time.But Hiroshima Foreign Language School was the only one institution in Chugoku District.As I own some basic historical materials concerning Hiroshima Foreign Language School and Hiroshima English School, I have introduced some of them and added some explanation to them.The materials introduced in this report are mainly concerned about Hiroshima Foreign Language School Regulations.I would like to refer to Hiroshima English School in my next report.

著者

高橋 俊昭

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1986, no.18, pp.25-33, 1985-11-01 (Released:2010-02-22)

参考文献数

31

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Adopting Western culture in Akita was one of the concerns of Governor Ishida, who, with Tonno, Principal of the Normal School serving concurrently as Chief of the Educational Bureau of the Prefecture, invited Carrothers to teach English for three years from 1879 to 1882 at the Preparatory Course attached to the Normal School.What is conspicuous about Carrothers staying in this town is the four contributions he made to the local newspaper, each including an important problem, probably intended for enlightening the local people: namely, the reverence for the Emperor, the use of the newspaper, reform in agriculture, and the Christian view of the world.He was rated rather high in the report presented to the Ministry of Education by the Governor, though in the discussion of the annual expenses in the Prefectural Assembly the opinions sharply divided as to the necessity of a foreign teacher. They did not renew his contract on his serving out his term, the reason reported to the Ministry of Education being for financial difficulties, but probably also because Ishida and Tonno were soon transferring to next posts, leaving few who would take after the matter.

著者

高橋 俊昭

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2000, no.32, pp.77-90, 1999 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

52

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Here is an early photograph of Christopher Carrothers, an American Yatoi teacher and ex-Presbyterian missionary. It was taken in May, 1880 at Akita Normal School where he was teaching English. Previously it has only been viewed by a limited number of alumni. The only other known picture of Carrothers in Japan is one which was taken in 1892 when he was leaving Kanagawa Normal School.In this paper, in addition to the introduction of the photograph, explanatory remarks are made about several persons in the picture. The people included are the Governor of the Prefecture, the Principal and other teachers and some graduating students who were taught by Carrothers. These students grew up to be a politician who was also a journalist and banker; a mayor and entrepreneur; mining and agricultural engineers; teachers at their old school; a librarian, and so on.

著者

高橋 俊昭

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1995, no.27, pp.193-207, 1994 (Released:2009-10-07)

参考文献数

26

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After teaching English at the Normal School of Akita for three years, Christopher Carrothers left the town in summer, 1882.The townspeople may have long forgotten him when they found his name in an article of a Tokyo newspaper in September, 1913. The contributor was Kohkichi Odake, an ex-member of the feminist group Seitoh (so named after the Blue Stockings).She reported her recent visit to Akita to the grave of a young girl named Nobuko Tazaki, who had committed suicide when she was disappointed in love for Carrothers, as Odake understood.Another article to refute her understanding appeared in a local newspaper immediately after her report, claiming that Carrothers had murdered his love because he had found her burdensome on leaving the town.The truth about the girl's death was left unknown when Carrothers had left the town for good. Today few people in Akita know of either of them, but the girl's grave, with English inscriptions apparently testifying to Carrothers's commitment to its building, remains where Odake visited it 80 years ago.The report of the visit to the girl's grave made by the feminist Odake arouses our interest in contrasting the two women, who seem to share unconventionality in their ways of life.

著者

福永 郁雄

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1986, no.18, pp.59-74, 1986

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Eugene Van Reed was born in Reading, Berks County, Pennsylvania in 1835 (the date and month are as yet unknown) and in 1851 moved to San Francisco with his family where the heady days of the 1849 gold-rush were disappearing fast. In San Francisco he met a Japanese castaway, Hikozo Hamada who was later baptized and became known as Joseph Heco and under his guidance studied Japanese. Van Reed's motives are not clear but possibly as a result of his studies and the influence of Heco he formed a liking for Japan and Japanese civilization.<BR>Van Reed's first visit to Japan was in 1859 when the country was opened to the West, after a long period of isolation, forced by the Matthew C. Perry expedition of 1853. He spent the next 13 years in Yokohama apart from two brief visits to America. He contracted tuberculosis and in 1873 left Japan for the last time dying at sea on February 2nd of the same year. A prophecy he had made in his earlier writings was fulfilled. &ldquo;Is not the broad, boundless sea our open grave?&rdquo; (&ldquo;California to Japan, &rdquo; Berks & Schuylkill Journal, June 25, 1859).<BR>During his time in Yokohama he worked as a clerk with the American Consul at Kanagawa, a salaried salesman with Augustine Heard & Co., an independent merchant and as an auctioneer of imported rice. He also authored Japanese-English lexicons, the world topography and so forth, wrote some articles for newspapers in his hometown, Reading, published a newspaper in Japanese, the&ldquo;Moshihogusa&rdquo;and at the peak of his career served as the Consul-General for the Kingdom of Hawaii. Van Reed has been condemned by some as an unscrupulous merchant but praised by others as a pillar of good standing.<BR>The latter opinion was held by some newspapers in his hometown. &ldquo;His present residence is at Yedo, where he takes a prominent part in all the Court proceedings and pageantries of the extroadinary young Prince the Mikado who seems to be the instrument for the advance of civilization and christianity in the oriental world, &rdquo; (&ldquo;Late news from Japan, &rdquo; Berks & Schuylkill Journal, December 28, 1872). The former opinion was voiced by Mr. Hideo Ono in 1934 who later became a professor in Tokyo University. He wrote as follows, &ldquo;Van Reed was one of those foreigners who made money as a broker dealing in (emigrant) labor and like many other foreign merchants at the time, he also trafficked in arms and imported rice. He sold the (emigrant) labor into slavery and apparently was ostracized by the foreign community. Whatever the case may be, he did not move in the company of such excellent Americans as Hepburn and Ballagh (two scholarly missionaries in Japan in the mid-19th century-A. A.) and did not possess a particularly fine character. &rdquo; (The translation quoted from Albert Altman's thesis, &ldquo;Eugene Van Reed, a Reading Man in Japan 1859-872, &rdquo; Historical Review of Berks County, winter, 1964-65).<BR>These two opinions lack factual basis and do not reflect the real Van Reed. Both were dependent to some extent on sources which were, to say the least, far from reliable and indicate that the writers wrote what they wanted to believe rather than what actually happened. To assert that Van Reed played an active role in the court of the Mikado is far from the truth. In reality Van Reed as the Consul-General for the Kingdom of Hawaii attended the Japanese New Year Celebrations (10th February, 1872) when his Majesty the Tenno received the foreign representatives in a body. (Letter of Charles O. Olipand to Charles C. Harris, Hawaiian Minister for Foreign Affairs, February 27, 1872). With respect to the charges flung at him as a wicked trader selling humans into bondage the &ldquo;Japan Times' Overland Mail&rdquo;, October 7, 1868 writes of Mr. Van Reed's philanthropic attempt to improve the position of the serfs of this country.

著者

遠藤 智夫

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2003, no.35, pp.17-30, 2002 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

27

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In most libraries in Japan, you can find a voluminous dictionary of loan-words, compiled by &Mei Arakawa. This dictionary is characterized by its rich records, including the first written record of each of the loan-words. Every record tells us about the cultural history concerning the loan-word.In this paper, the writer will examine the process by which S. Arakawa compiled the dictionary, as said to be the definitive work among dictionaries of loan-words, though he was a mere English teacher at a local junior high school under the old education system.And the author will also examine the scholars by whom he was greatly influenced. S.Arakawa was quite unknown when he published Japanized English (at his own expense), yet the famous novelist and scholar Shôyo Tsubouchi was the first person to order a copy.S. Arakawa decided to specialize in loan words after being inspired by a treatise on loan-words by Yoshisaburo Okakura. Okakura remained Arakawa's most important mentor throughout the remainder of his life.Arakawa decided to compile Japanized English after being inspired by Sanki Ichikawa's book, English Influence on Japanese (sic). After receiving a letter from S. Ichikawa, saying that the dictionary would be of no value if it had no examples, Arakawa devoted himself to searching for these examples. In the end, he spent more than 60 years of his life searching records of loan-words.This report is based on the paper read by the writer at the monthly meeting on November 3, 2001.

著者

本多 仁禮士

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2006, no.38, pp.27-38, 2005 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

17

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Saigoku-rissi-hen by Masanao Nakamura is one of the most famous translations of the Meiji era in Japan. Self-Help, the enlightening original, was written by Samuel Smiles. When Nakamura returned to Japan from England in 1868, he was given a copy of Self-Help by his British friend, H. Freeland. Self-Help was widely read in the 19th century in the West. At that time, Saigoku-rissi-hen and another example of an enlightment text, Gakumon-no-susume written by Yukichi Fukuzawa, were both million-seller books in the Meiji era in Japan.Comparing Saigoku-rissi-hen with the original Self-Help, we can observe many omissions and free translations. This is because Nakamura judged some contents unsuitable and others difficult to translate. This was an inevitable result of Japanese-to-English literary translation in Japan considering the basic level of cross-cultural and technical understanding prevalent at that time. From Saigoku-rissi-hen, we can understand Nakamura's painstaking efforts to achieve an accurate word-for-word translation.In his translation, Nakamura used many Japanese words for one English word; that is, his work shows a lack of unity in terms of translation. For example, he used two terms for “chemist” and three terms for “chemistry”. However, he never used “seimi (gaku)” which was a general term for “chemistry” in use at that time in Japan. Nakamura was originally a scholar of Chinese classics so he disliked the term “seimi (gaku)” which was a mere transliteration of the Dutch, “chemie”. As a scholar of Chinese classics, he probably wanted to set great value on the meaning of Kanji characters.In Saigoku-rissi-hen, we can find another example of a lack of unity. He used six terms for the word “school”. The modern school system started in 1872 in Japan and as a result Nakamura did not know what “school” was when he published his translation. He, therefore, used many different terms for “school” by exercising his imagination.Masanao Nakamura, one of the most famous Enlightment scholars in the Meiji era, tried ha ugh his translation of “chemistry” and “school”.

著者

早川 勇

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1999, no.31, pp.85-96, 1998 (Released:2009-09-16)

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This paper is an attempt to examine a 'dictionary war' between two English-Japanese dictionaries from a bibliographical point of view. They were compiled heavily dependent on Webster's dictionary and first published in the same year of 1888. One was compiled by Yutaka Shimada and published by Okura, while the other was compiled by F. Warrington Eastlake and Ichiro Tanahashi and published by Sanseido. They had many lexicographical characteristics in common. They were revised and enlarged several times in order to gain a decisive victory in the war which raged about twenty years in the Meiji period.The examination of their editions and contents reveals that they were not competing in terms of precise description of lexical items but in terms of size, total number of entry words, and repeated additions of supplements or appendixes to their main body, which cannot be regarded as substantial from a lexicographical viewpoint but very important from a historical viewpoint for a deeper understanding of the development of English-Japanese lexicography.

著者

寺田 芳徳

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1972, no.4, pp.126-142, 1972-04-20 (Released:2009-09-16)

被引用文献数

1

著者

佐光 昭二

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1991, no.23, pp.115-131, 1990 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

48

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The earlier part of the personal history of Yoshitami Naruto (1835-1913) has not been clearly known. And in spite of the fact that he made great contributionsto English educational progress in Japan at the beginning of the Meiji era, his achievements are not very well known.Yoshitami Naruto was born in Awa. Today in Tokushima he has become a legendary person in the story, such as Awa Konjahu Monogatari (阿波今昔物語・1942), Kiko to Itsuwa no Izumi (奇行と逸話の泉・1964), and so on.This article tries to shed a historic light on the man Yoshitami Naruto and to present the role he played in the modernization of Japan.

著者

出来 成訓

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1978, no.10, pp.101-108, 1977-09-01 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

13

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日本に生まれ, 日本の学校教育を受けた人間にとって, 外国語に習熟することはきわめて困難なことである。教授法や数材の研究が他の語学にくらべて相当に進んでいると思われる英語においても, やはり同じことが言えよう。特に「書く」領域についてこの感が深い。安藤貫一は, この外国語研究の中でももっとも困難な「書く力」に秀でた逸材であった。その死去に際して雑誌「英語青年」が2号に渡って記念号を出したほどの有名人であった安藤貫一ではあるが, 現在では殆んど忘れられた人物となっている。英文学や英語学の研究者と違って英文ライターの仕事は恵まれない。日本人の英訳した日本文学を読む日本人など殆んどいないからである。前記「英語青年」記念号を主たる資料として, 安藤貫一の生涯と業績をながめてみたい。

著者

松村 幹男

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1978, no.10, pp.51-59, 1977-09-01 (Released:2009-09-16)

著者

水野 義一

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1972, no.4, pp.91-103, 1972-04-20 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

41

著者

出来 成訓

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1977, no.9, pp.155-167, 1976-09-01 (Released:2010-05-07)

参考文献数

17

著者

池田 哲郎

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1983, no.15, pp.195-215, 1982 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

7

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Darwin's “Origin of Species” was introduced into Japan for the first time by Morse, Edward Sylvester, an American professor of biology in Tokyo University, Dept. of Scienece in 1879; twenty years after the publication of the original.Morse gave publicity to various fields of society like a university extension. His lectures in Tokyo University was published in Japanese after six years by his student Isikawa Tiyomatu.Since then in conseqence of the Darwin's views adopted by most Japanese scientist and which will ultimately, as in every other case, be followed by Japanese intelligentsia who are not scientific.I am going to write a brief history of Darwinism in Japan for last one hundred years, 1 st translation, books, essays, both natural and social sides.Bibliography of Darwinism in Japan is added as an appendix.