著者

山内 紀幸

出版者

教育哲学会

雑誌

教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1998, no.77, pp.78-91, 1998-05-10 (Released:2009-09-04)

参考文献数

49

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This paper attempts to examine how Montessori understood children in the context of eugenics from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. Based on that examination, this paper also studies why the scientist Montessori became an educator.In the context of eugenics, scientists generally agreed to the recapitulation theory. They Believed that people's physical sizes and shapes correlated with their levels of morality. They also believed that it was possible to judge the levels of the morality of people by measuring their bodily degenerations. This belief led the scientists to the reform of society. In fact, many of social reforms were performed through sterilizations and eugenic marriages.Montessori also agreed to the recapitulation theory. She thought that it was possible to judge the levels of morality of children by measuring their bodily degenerations. However, she did not intend to reform society by sterilizations. She considered degenerations of children as diseases that can be healed and intended to reform society by treating or improving children, as the Italian school in Anthropology did. Montessori's recognition of the curability in children led her from a scientist to an educator.

著者

森川 直

出版者

教育哲学会

雑誌

教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1997, no.76, pp.165-166, 1997-11-10 (Released:2009-09-04)

著者

今井 康雄

出版者

教育哲学会

雑誌

教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1997, no.76, pp.167, 1997-11-10 (Released:2010-05-07)

著者

榑松 かほる

出版者

教育哲学会

雑誌

教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1997, no.76, pp.168, 1997-11-10 (Released:2009-09-04)

著者

佐藤 令子

出版者

教育哲学会

雑誌

教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1998, no.77, pp.1-5, 1998-05-10 (Released:2009-09-04)

参考文献数

3

著者

俵木 浩太郎

出版者

教育哲学会

雑誌

教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1998, no.77, pp.6-13, 1998-05-10 (Released:2009-09-04)

著者

鳥光 美緒子

出版者

教育哲学会

雑誌

教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1998, no.77, pp.14-21, 1998-05-10 (Released:2009-09-04)

参考文献数

6

著者

吉村 文男

出版者

教育哲学会

雑誌

教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1998, no.77, pp.21-26, 1998-05-10 (Released:2009-09-04)

著者

鳥光 美緒子

出版者

教育哲学会

雑誌

教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1997, no.76, pp.30-47, 1997-11-10 (Released:2009-09-04)

参考文献数

16

著者

野平 慎二 鳥光 美緒子

出版者

教育哲学会

雑誌

教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1997, no.76, pp.48-60, 1997-11-10 (Released:2009-09-04)

参考文献数

22

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This paper discusses the possibility of the rebirth of Pestalozzi as a classical author in pedagogical historiography. For some time by now Pestalozzi's pedagogical values have been based on his establishment of the 'Bildung' idea. Since the arrival of Luhmann/Shchorr's 'Reflexionsproblem im Erziehungssystem' at the latest, however, Pestalozzi's status as a classical author has undergone considerable depreciation because the former sentenced Pestalozzi's idea of 'Bildung' as dysfunctional as a normative guideline for the decision of modern pedagogical problems. This paper examines the recent works by Oelkers and Osterwalder which demythologize Pestalozzi. They pose a radical challenge to the established scholarship on Pestalozzi by claiming that the whole Pestalozzi studies so far have simply contributed to his mythologization. I will argue that the salient accomplishment of demythologization consists in the destruction of the authoritative structure of the past Pestalozzi studies which had the effect of preventing new approaches to the subject, as well as in its location of a new ideological and social context of Pestalozzi's pedagogical ideas. At the same time, however, my analysis shows that the demythologization takes us nowhere with regards to the rebirth of Pestalozzi. Thus I would like to conclude that a way out for the program of his rebirth may be found in Luhmann's suggestion to the effect that the subject matter of study should not be confounded with theory or problem solving. In other words, we should refrain from trying to solve current problems by analyzing classical works. For analysis of classical works becomes valuable only when they are simultaneouly sustained by our theoretical interest in the construction of new theories which will serve for the pedagogical decision making in our own days.

著者

石橋 哲成 清水 徹編

出版者

教育哲学会

雑誌

教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1997, no.76, pp.61-98, 1997-11-10 (Released:2009-09-04)

著者

毛利 猛

出版者

教育哲学会

雑誌

教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1997, no.76, pp.99-109, 1997-11-10 (Released:2009-09-04)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

1

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Freud's concept of transference and counter-transference teaches us why the pedagogical relationship of a type of student and his “devoted teacher” gets complicated. The expectations of a type of student toward his teacher as well as those of the teacher toward his poor student become out of proportion to what actual pegagogical situations warrant. As a consequence, both will remain ultimately unsatisfied. In their partnership, both the student and his “devoted teacher” are destined to be badly disappointed. In his present relations with the teacher, the student undergoes an emotional conflict similar to what he had already experienced with his parents. The “devoted teacher” will be inevitably involved in this same conflict because he himself is also neurotic. In this paper I will clarify that the eagerness of the “devoted teacher” arises from the “unrecognized counter-tranference” which, in turn, derives from his narcissistic desire. I will also refer to the dual tendency in pedagogical attitude which becomes especially conspicuous in a comparison of Freud's and modern attitudes toward counter-transference.

著者

鈴木 幹雄

出版者

教育哲学会

雑誌

教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1997, no.76, pp.110-123, 1997-11-10 (Released:2009-09-04)

参考文献数

48

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After the Second World War, German padagogues in art education have been obliged to reflect critically on the theories of art education in the 1920s. Confronting new social and educational situations in Germany, they had to keep in mind several new factors such as expression as beings in the world, contemporaneity, adolescence, contact with modern culture and society, and researches by younger generations. G. Otto re-examined the traditional views of art education from the late 1950s through the early 1960s when the reconstruction after the war terminated. He thought that art education should be planned in a social context and struggled hard to build a new theory of art education suited to the time. As the first step, Otto studied pedagogical anthropology, the adolescence and plastic art theories of the 1920s. In this process, he obtained from anthropology the idea that human beings were members of society. From the theories of plastic art, Otto learned that a human being can discover his relationship to the world by the act of production-expression using materials-subjects. These notions were not emphasized in the views of art education from the time of the >new education< plans. The major views which Otto discovered in his early works are as follows : - “One can develop his ability only by keeping in contact with the world.” -Adolescence is the time when one should come into “contact with compounds made up of culture and society of the times.” - “The treatment, study and experiment of materials correspond to the styles of young people's attitudes.” Since 1963 Otto tried to integrate these views into his concept of art education. In that process, he identified the following as the fundamental points of view for integration : - “Struggles with the selected materials are a step of artistic activities for young generations.” - “One opens up the real world on the basis of his categorical views and experiences obtained by himself.” (W. Klafki) In the process of research for the realization of Kunstpädagogik, Otto tried to integrate these two fundamental points of view into one >kunstpädagogische Theorie< on the basis of the heritages of modern didactic theories which were available in the 1950s. One of these was the theory of >kategoriale Bildung< by Klafki, and another was the didactic theory of structural analysis by P. Heimann who asserted that “the process of teaching should be structured as a whole [in order to get a free analytical point of view for education (teaching act)].”

著者

野平 慎二

出版者

教育哲学会

雑誌

教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1997, no.76, pp.124-137, 1997-11-10 (Released:2010-05-07)

参考文献数

29

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In diesem Aufsatz werden zwei gegenwärtige päAdagogische Theoriekonzepte-die post-moderne Pädagogik von D. Lenzen und die Kommunikationstheorie von J. Habermas-in Hinsicht auf die Funktion des Ästhetischen in der Menschenbildung vergleichend geprüft. Lenzen hält das Ästhetische für das Andere der Vernunft. Mit dem Begriff pädagogischer Methexis versucht er, die Menschenbildung als ästhetischen Prozeß zu konzipieren und die moderne Pädagogik als Praxiswissenschaft durch Ästhetik zu rekonstruieren. Nach der Habermas' schen Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns wirkt das ästhetische Momenf in der sprachlichen Kommunikation mit seiner welterschließenden Funktion gegen die alltägliche Rationalitat kritisch und reflektiv. Von diesem selbstreflektiven Moment aus wird das gegenwärtige Bildungskonzept möglich, das die Herrschaft von der Systemrationalität und der instrumentellen Vernunft überwinden kann. Beide Konzepte stehen sich in der Beurteilung zu der Moderne entgegen. Aber sie sind in bezug auf die Erfassung der Wirkung des Ästhetischen aufeinander komplementär. Und in der Ambivalenz des Ästhetischen findet sich der Schlüssel zur Überwindung der Aporie der modernen Pädagogik.

著者

佐藤 隆之

出版者

教育哲学会

雑誌

教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1997, no.76, pp.138-151, 1997-11-10 (Released:2009-09-04)

参考文献数

57

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William Heard Kilpatrick's educational concept of 'cooperation' has been harshly criticized for the alleged effect of reinforcing conformity to industrial society and to 'other-directedness.' However, by claiming that education must be based, not on individualization, but on the 'cooperative purpose activity, ' Kilpatrick in fact criticized individualized methods of instruction and exerted influence on Helen Parkhurst. Parkhurst, originator of the Dalton Plan, argued for the necessity for each student to share the minimal essentials to live a cooperative community life. She proposed an individualized method of instruction in which she gave students assignments individually in view of greater attention to social efficiency. Kilpatrick has warned that, by presupposing that the basic knowledge thus taught by the individualized instruction had priority over social activities, Parkhurst unintentionally made 'cooperation' so static and exclusive that it could even be seen as a form of conformity or social control. In Parkhurst's scheme, the individual was treated as a passive organism. Being partly based on George Herbert Mead, Kilpatrick's theory claimed that 'cooperation' cannot be established simply by a unified linguistic community, but only by locating 'common ways of cooperating, ' which emerge from diverse points of view in which the self and others interact reciprocal ly, or, the 'self-other process.' According to Mead, Kilpatrick had asserted that 'cooperation' was the reciprocal relationship of the individual and society.

著者

岡本 道雄

出版者

教育哲学会

雑誌

教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1997, no.76, pp.152-164, 1997-11-10 (Released:2009-09-04)

著者

松川 成夫

出版者

教育哲学会

雑誌

教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1997, no.75, pp.60-69, 1997-05-10 (Released:2009-09-04)

著者

小川 博久

出版者

教育哲学会

雑誌

教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1997, no.75, pp.70-71, 1997-05-10 (Released:2009-09-04)

著者

西村 拓生

出版者

教育哲学会

雑誌

教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1997, no.75, pp.72-78, 1997-05-10 (Released:2009-09-04)

著者

池田 全之

出版者

教育哲学会

雑誌

教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1997, no.75, pp.79, 1997-05-10 (Released:2009-09-04)