著者
小山 順二 都筑 基博 蓬田 清
出版者
北海道大学大学院理学研究院自然史科学部門(地球物理学)
雑誌
北海道大学地球物理学研究報告 (ISSN:04393503)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.75, pp.161-174, 2012-03-19

Since the 2011 Tohoku-oki megathrust earthquake, Japan, it has been recognized that there is a variety of megathrust earthquakes occurring in the world not just only the Chilean type megathrust earthquake. In the variation, one end member is the 1960 Chile earthquake and the other is the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake, while the former is characterized by subduction zone of a young plate forming the Cordilleran orogeny, the latter is by an obliquely subducting plate along a continental margin with active back-arc activity. We study in detail megathrust earthquakes along such oblique subduction zones, considering characteristics of earthquake activities, focal mechanisms, rupture patterns, geometry of subduction zones, types of overriding plates and back-arc activities. Discussions are further made on one of the oblique subduction zones near Japan Islands, the Sagami Trough, in order to derive some information and the possibility of future large earthquakes there from the seismological data at hand. We found that there is a variety of large earthquakes in the oblique subduction zones in the world. Since we have no hand to suspect the future activity of a particular subduction zone, comparative studies on seismic activities in different oblique subduction zones are inevitable.
著者
吉澤 和範
出版者
北海道大学大学院理学研究院自然史科学部門(地球物理学)
雑誌
北海道大学地球物理学研究報告 (ISSN:04393503)
巻号頁・発行日
no.71, pp.39-48, 2008-03

Seismic waves generated by a nuclear test carried out by North Korea on October 9, 2006 were observed throughout the Japanese islands. Clear arrivals of Pn waves, which traveled below the Moho discontinuity underneath the Japan Sea, were recorded by the Japanese broad-band seismic network, F-net, deployed by National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED). We analyzed the waveforms of the nuclear event observed at F-net stations as well as some global seismic stations in East Asia. Apparent path-average velocity of Pn waves and their maximum amplitudes are estimated from vertical component seismograms of the F-net stations. We found conspicuous regional variations of apparent path-average velocity and maximum amplitude. For example, fast apparent velocity and larger amplitude are observed in the paths across the Japan basin in the northern Japan Sea, whereas slow velocity as well as relatively smaller amplitudes are found in the path to stations in Kyushu. Such regional variability of Pn waves is likely to make it difficult to estimate source parameters for this small-scale explosive event in the Korean Peninsula, only using the Japanese seismic network. These results suggest the necessity of a precise three-dimensional seismic model of the Japan Sea to utilize Japanese seismic network data for analysis of regional seismic waves that propagate along a variety of paths in the Japan Sea.
著者
一柳 昌義 山口 照寛 高田 真秀 東 龍介 黒井 和典 山田 卓司 高橋 浩晃 前田 宜浩
出版者
北海道大学大学院理学研究院
雑誌
北海道大学地球物理学研究報告 (ISSN:04393503)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.76, pp.1-13, 2013-03-19

On December 2, 2010, MJMA4.6 shallow felt earthquake occurred beneath southeastern part of Sapporo city. Three temporal seismic stations were installed near epicentral area. Reliable hypocenter data estimated by double difference procedure with local seismic velocity structure indicated clear southeastern-dipping distribution. Fault plane from focal mechanism estimated from P-wave polarization well agreed with this hypocenter distribution. Geometry of hypocenter distribution was also well consistent with an anticline structure and possible buried active fault estimated for earthquake disaster damage assumption by local government. Recalculation of hypocenters of the 1985, 1990, and 2010 felt earthquakes under equal condition implied that epicentral locations of these three events were approximately same. These facts implied possible stress concentration in epicentral region.
著者
本多 亮 笠原 稔 茂木 透
出版者
北海道大学大学院理学研究院自然史科学部門(地球物理学)
雑誌
北海道大学地球物理学研究報告 (ISSN:04393503)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.72, pp.203-218, 2009-03-15

Although there are a plenty amount of gravity data over the northern part of Hokkaido (Dohoku region), most of them are not published yet. We have been performing gravity measurement in this region since 2007. Additionally, new data is added by new measurement during 2008. These new data clearly demonstrate the improvement of the gravity anomaly distribution over the Japan-sea side area of Dohoku region. Recurrent thrust type faultings which are dominant in this region generate positive Bouguer gravity anomalies over the hanging wall side, and horizontal gravity gradients above fault lines. Bouguer gravity anomaly map clearly indicates that the lineament of large horizontal gravity gradient coincides with the Horonobe fault. This may indicate the cumulative faulting on the same place.