著者

守谷 広子

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美學 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.1, pp.77-88, 2015-06-30

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Cet article propose de presenter une premisse du concept du ≪Texte≫, examinant la discussion sur la ≪forme litteraire≫ chez Roland Barthes (1915-80). Dans les annees 1960, avec l'acceptation de la semiologie, Barthes affirme l'importance de la ≪ forme ≫ dans la litterature. Le langage qui est une matiere de l'oeuvre litteraire est un systeme de generation semantique en soi. II est donc impossible de distinguer le discours litteraire et les autres discours selon le signifie. C'est pour cela que Barthes affirme que ce qui distingue la litterature et les autres langages est bien l'≪originalite de la forme≫. En raison de l'implication de sa forme, l'oeuvre n'est pas equivalente au produit donne par la generation semantique du langage. La forme influencant le processus meme de la generation semantique, elle rend l'oeuvre intentionnelle, et de plus, ≪humaine≫. L'originalite de la forme litteraire, donnant un decalage entre le signifiant et le signifie, porte une sorte de ≪vide≫ dans l'oeuvre. En offrant cette forme a l'oeuvre, l'auteur evoque des questions du lecteur, et le lecteur chercherait le sens de l'oeuvre lui-meme. Cet echange entre l'auteur et le lecteur, transforme l'oeuvre, qui est une construction linguistique, en un ≪Texte≫. Si le concept du Texte de Barthes se situe dans le prolongement de la discussion de la forme precitee, l'importance de l'auteur est prouvee meme dans le traite du Texte qui est generalement interprete comme une theorie qui donne un role privilegie au lecteur.

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美学 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.97, 2018 (Released:2020-03-23)

著者

桝田 倫広

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美學 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, 2009-12-31

著者

森 理恵

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美学 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.4, pp.41-54, 2006-03-31 (Released:2017-05-22)

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This article analyzes garments worn by young males depicted in Ihara Saikaku's 1687 publication entitled Great Mirror of Male Love, or Nanshoku Okagami. Saikaku describes garments with long fluttering sleeves, known as furisode, that were worn by young males, such as those who worked as pages in the service of military lords (kosho). Their garments, portrayed as gorgeous (hanayako) and elegant (furyu), represented the cutting edge of fashionable dress of the period. The furisode worn by young males employed in theaters mimicked those worn by young pages; however, their complicated patterns are thought to be specific to actors' garments. Furisode worn by young male actors differed little from that of young women. This study reveals that the wearing of furisode depended not on gender, but rather according to age or social status. On the other hand, the effect of interactions among social classes is apparent. Men described in The Great Mirror of Male Love followed established social norms but through interactions across class boundaries, created their own distinctive mode of beautiful clothing.

著者

室井 尚

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美学 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.2, pp.140, 2011-12-31 (Released:2017-05-22)

著者

河合 正朝

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美学 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.88, 2006-09-30 (Released:2017-05-22)

著者

上野 太祐

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美学 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.1, pp.147, 2018 (Released:2019-06-01)

著者

吉村 典子

出版者

美学会 ; 1950-

雑誌

美学 = Aesthetics (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.1, pp.145-156, 2020

著者

宇佐美 達朗

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美学 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.1, 2018 (Released:2020-03-23)

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Rear projection is one of the most frequently used compositing techniques in Hollywood cinema from the 1930s to the late 1960s. Nevertheless, this technique has been hitherto underestimated. Of the scarce existing research, some studies have pointed out the economic advantages of it in terms of the studio system of the day, while others have examined it in the limited context of certain films or film directors. But such approaches have not paid sufficient attention to the fact that the many films had used the technique in spite of harsh criticism regarding the resultant image quality. This paper aims to clarify in part how the images created through rear projection were interpreted by the audiences of the time. The images were surely lacking in terms of the “reality” pursued by classical Hollywood cinema. However, the audiences were able to understand the mechanism of rear projection and experience its effects in a mode separate to that supposed by the classical Hollywood cinema. By analyzing a moving vehicle scene, I demonstrate how the gap created between foreground and background in the images re-arouses wonder in the audience, allowing them to enjoy the medium of cinema as a visceral attraction.

著者

土田 耕督

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美学 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.1, pp.1, 2018 (Released:2019-06-01)

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In the beginning of the thirteenth century, during the Shin-kokin period, waka poets followed classicism, reusing words and subjects from old poems. At the same time, they were in pursuit of atarashiki kokoro, or new content. New kokoro does not represent perfect newness that has never been composed; it represents content that overlaps with the classics. Moreover, the word atarashi has ambiguity; while new content is indeed ideal, novel subjects and how to use words are avoided. On the other hand, the word mezurashi means a kind of unexpectedness achieved by using old words in different contexts from past works. Mezurashi becomes especially significant in post-Shin-kokin waka. Nevertheless, since the fifteenth century, old poetry has begun to be ignored, and the focus has shifted to the kokoro of an individual poet. Atarashi, implying a newness that nobody has composed before, is emphasised and involves mezurashi. Such idealisation of novelty, which is regardless of differences from the old, brings the modern meaning of ‘originality’ to medieval waka. However, the classicism of waka never died until the modern era. Autonomous systems that identify differences from the classics as a norm have existed; thereby waka has acquired the extendibility and sustainability of composition.

著者

松下 哲也

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美学 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.148, 2017 (Released:2019-01-02)

著者

今井 澄子

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美学 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.128, 2017 (Released:2019-01-02)

著者

喜多村 明里

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美学 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.37, 2017 (Released:2019-01-02)

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Alberti’s impresa called the Winged Eye, carved in relief in his self-portrait plaque and medals, also drawn on some manuscripts from the end of 1420’s and the 1430’s, was described by Wind (1958) as the divine and awful God’s eye and is like a mystic Egyptian hieroglyph. Alberti was influenced by the discovery of Horapollo’s Hieroglyphica in 1419, and studied about hieroglyphs in the 1420s’ from Fracesco Filelfo, who was translating Pultarch’s Moralia that contains On the Worship of Isis and Osiris. However, it is also interpreted as a human eye since the Winged Eye is linked to the words “QUID TVM” from a poem by Virgil. In Alberti’s text of Anuli, the Winged Eye is a symbol of god and has human qualities such as prudence and providence. The Winged Eye is a Chimera-type image influenced by Egyptian and Greco-Roman cultures and is based on Egyptian hieroglyph’s eye and their amulets, as well as Roman coin reliefs of Octavianus in 38 BC, evil eyes and the Roman Winged Phallus amulets. The author suggests that when Alberti created the Winged Eye, he applied the Greek word “symbollon” which originally means “to throw together.”

著者

山本 佐恵

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美学 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.1, pp.85-96, 2017 (Released:2018-07-01)

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Ikko Tanaka (1930-2002) was a distinguished Japanese graphic designer in postwar Japan. Representations of his design works are diverse. However, the theme of “Japanese tradition” or “Japaneseness” is present consistently in Tanaka’s unique expression in his works. This paper examines the representation of “Japaneseness” of Tanaka’s works in the context of postwar graphic design circles. Tanaka’s design for the “Exhibition of Japanese Textiles at Takashimaya in New York (1959),” which utilized only “kanji (Chinese characters) typography,” has been evaluated by a Western sense of modern design as a work that expressed Japanese traditional culture. Without relying on Japanese motifs such as Mt.Fuji, Japanese cherry, or “geisha”, this is an epoch-making work that expresses “Japaneseness” only through kanji; it is one of the masterpieces in Japanese graphic design history. In this work, Tanaka created “the originality of Japanese Design” by a method of constructing into the design while taking advantage of the function of kanji ideograms. In order to shed the imitation of Western design, Tanaka represented “Japaneseness” by adopting the “zure (gap)” and “kasure (scratchiness)”, which departed from modern design theory, and by devising a new color scheme.

著者

小倉 健太郎

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美学 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.2, pp.159, 2015-12-31 (Released:2017-05-22)

著者

福間 加代子

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美学 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.2, pp.133, 2015-12-31 (Released:2017-05-22)

著者

外山 悠

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美学 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.2, pp.130, 2015-12-31 (Released:2017-05-22)

著者

伊藤 亜紗

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美学 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.2, pp.116, 2015-12-31 (Released:2017-05-22)

著者

井戸 美里

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美学 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.2, pp.73-84, 2015-12-31 (Released:2017-05-22)

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The late sixteenth to early seventeenth century produced many narrative paintings which based on classical literature such as the Tale of Genji and the Tale of Heike. It should be noted however that the number of folding screens which visualized the Tales of the Soga increased, especially in the early seventeenth century. In this paper, I would like to analyze the motifs of the Soga screens that were said to be taken from the Kowaka version of the Tale of the Soga. The motifs which were selected from the text of Kowaka were elaborately juxtaposed on the screen, representing the originality and authority of the warrior families. I will also consider the space of kaisho where warriors gathered for some rituals with a banquet and newly emerging performing arts such as Noh theatre and Kowaka were often performed, since the emergence of the gathering space of kaisho seemed to cause an increase of the production of these narrative folding screens. Kowaka-mai performances, which often narrated stories from war chronicles, functioned not only as a pacificatory requiem for those who had died in past wars but also as an expression of desire for a more peaceful future.

著者

秋庭 史典

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美学 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.1, pp.197-200, 2015-06-30 (Released:2017-05-22)