著者

Wang Jenny

出版者

奈良女子大学大学院人間文化研究科

雑誌

人間文化研究科年報 (ISSN:09132201)

巻号頁・発行日

no.24, pp.37-50, 2008

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筆者前稿針對日語中「気」的慣用句做了語意分析探討,研究結果顯示;「気」的憤用表現中語意與情緒、注意力、意志、精神等,人内心的状態和變化有很大的關連,並且具有消極和負面語意的擴張現象。基於此一結果本稿進一歩探討「心」和「気」兩字在後面接相同的格助詞和活用語時,慣用表現的語意上有何異同做對照研究。結論是「心」和「気」的慣用表現在語意上的相同點很少,相異點是日語的現代語中「心」的名詞慣用表現幾乎不被使用,但是日語的古語中卻存在許多「心」的名詞表現。其次是「心」字當作詞頭,無論在古語中或現代語中都形成許多複合形容詞。並且〔心+が+形容詞〕不像〔気+が+形容詞〕那檬具有豐富的自由變形力及造語力。另外在〔心/に/を/が+動詞〕的慣用結構中,「心」字可以代換成其他字,具有多元的類似表達,這是「気」的動詞慣用句所沒有的特點。同時發現「心」的慣用表現多與主體的主觀精神状態的語意有關,負面語意並不多,並不具有「気」的慣用表現那樣負面語意的擴張現象。

著者

佐野 敏行

出版者

奈良女子大学大学院人間文化研究科

雑誌

人間文化研究科年報 = Annual reports of Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences (ISSN:09132201)

巻号頁・発行日

no.32, pp.147-166, 2016

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This article delineates the changes in demographic and ethnic profiles of womenengaged in servant-like work during a formative era in a middle-sized city and its surroundingagricultural areas of the Midwestern United States. It draws on the database that Iconstructed from U.S. Census original enumerations of Riverfront City and three townshipsfrom 1850 to 1930, except 1890, as well as on the ethnographic information of the area, which Iobtained from my fieldwork in the 1980s. During the last half of the 19th century and the firstdecades of the 20th century, there were a number of households that included non-kinhabitants. Among them were women who were working as servant or domestic workers.These women had different cultural backgrounds, which changed over the period from namelyScandinavian to German to Polish. They worked for families with younger parents who hadchildren. This feature changed around 1930 as the local population became older, when thewomen went from working for young families to working for both young and old families.That is, as the first and second generation of the immigrants aged. The role of women engagedin servant-like work was not only to earn wages for their families but to observe the Americanlifestyle and incorporate new ideas to their own immigrant families.

著者

池田 曜子

出版者

奈良女子大学

雑誌

人間文化研究科年報 (ISSN:09132201)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.173-189, 2013-03-31

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The present study clarifies the strategies that students employ to differentiate theiraffiliate group from other groups in middle and high school class. Specifically, we want toidentify the indicators that students use to draw boundaries between groups and understandwhat the students mean by this mutual differentiation between peer group units. Towardclarifying these issues, we perform an analysis of the differentiation process between peergroups based on a classification system obtained from fieldwork data. Then, we examine thereasons students tend to use when drawing group boundaries in class. In addition, from theviewpoint of a peer group unit in a class environment, we clarify what it means for students tomutually differentiate between groups and be a target of differentiation.The findings show that students clearly recognize differences in type between theiraffiliate and other groups. They often explain these differences in terms of superficial subculturalindicators related to external appearance (e.g., clothing, hairstyle) or behavior. On theother hand, they do not explain differences between each type of peer group in terms of theclass where all the main school activities occur even though behavioral differences are clearlyobservable. By creating mutual differences between peer groups, students strengthen the unityof the affiliate group and solidify their group's position in the class environment.In addition, the daily words and deeds of students that are used to differentiatebetween groups often focus on the most trivial of matters. When a student is excluded froma peer group, he may become stigmatized by students in other groups. Thus, each studentalways has a sense of unease over becoming a target of discrimination.

著者

上野 善子

出版者

奈良女子大学

雑誌

人間文化研究科年報 (ISSN:09132201)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.89-106, 2013-03-31

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Since the child abuse and neglect case judgment in late 1880s, in the United States hasrapidly promoted child protection activity mainly in an urban area. Initially, social recognitionof child abuse and neglect was seen as an often-unwarranted behavior on the intimate sphereof the family. However, after the 1990s, child welfare became the target of social security. In the mid 1990s, visualization technology of the physical abuse became possible dueto the progress of medical science and skills, thus accelerating the movement to prevent childabuse and neglect, which by then had been carefully defined abuse. The issue of child abuseand neglect, in which children are targeted for protection, had been recognized as requiringsimultaneous support for parents and as a family problem.Although the recognition of abuse had been inconsistent among the states, it wasgiven a consistent federal definition by CAPTA in 1974. Along with the federal definition ofabuse, came the improved ability of child protective services to intervene in dysfunctionalfamily as specialists in social welfare with an official position and procedure in the matter.Nevertheless, since the 1990s, when the United States had to deal with financialproblems and the deterioration of security caused by domestic and global poverty following theeconomic crisis, CAPTA was also repeatedly adjusted and modified against the changing social background.

著者

野口 理恵

出版者

奈良女子大学大学院人間文化研究科

雑誌

人間文化研究科年報 (ISSN:09132201)

巻号頁・発行日

no.31, pp.39-49, 2015

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This paper studies the policy of secularization in the French Third Republic from theperspective of hospitals, focusing on the Augustines, who had their headquarters in the Hotel-Dieu à Paris. By analyzing events from 1888 to 1907, the author demonstrates that the Frenchgovernment gave certain consideration to the Augustines during that time period.In 1888, a bylaw issued by a prefectural governor of Seine ordered the Augustines toleave Hôspital Saint-Louis. The Augustines lodged a complaint over this prefectural bylaw withthe Conseil d'État, contending that it exceeded the head of state's authority, because theAugustines had been authorized by an imperial decree in 1810. As a result, the Conseil d'Étatapproved the Augustines' request and suspended the prefectural bylaw; five years later, it wasannulled.The problem of hospital secularization and its implications for the Augustines wasrevived in 1905, when France passed its law on the Separation of Churches and State. In 1907,a presidential decree ordered the Augustines to leave the Hotel-Dieu à Paris. However, thedecree also granted the Augustines permission to move their headquarters to a Catholic privatehospital. Additionally, the government agreed to establish a new hospital under the control ofthe Assistance publique à Paris.Based on this analysis, the author concludes that the policy of secularization in theFrench Third Republic proceeded with greater leniency in the domain of public welfare than inthe educational field.

著者

内田 聖二

出版者

奈良女子大学

雑誌

人間文化研究科年報 (ISSN:09132201)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.1-9, 2007-03-31

著者

野中 美賀子

出版者

奈良女子大学大学院人間文化研究科

雑誌

人間文化研究科年報 (ISSN:09132201)

巻号頁・発行日

no.31, pp.1-13, 2015

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In the early 19th century, Westerners such as William Chambers, George Macartney,and Thomas De Quincey encountered the Orient with feelings of surprise, interest, difference,and displeasure. Edward W. Said mentions in Orientalism (1978) that the Orient is the image ofthe other that repeatedly appears in the depth of the mind of the West (1). "Kubla Khan"displays a polarity of images conveying Coleridge's ambiguous feelings toward the Orient.Coleridge uses his theory of polarity in his representations of the Orient. This theory statesthat the oppositions between polar extremes compete with each other, thereby maintaining abalance. This paper argues that representations of the Orient that include opposite images aremostly balanced with precarious elements. These precarious elements express the true natureof Coleridge's ambiguous feelings for the Orient.This paper divides" Kubla Khan" into five parts: the river Alph (lines 1–11 and 25–30),chasm (lines 12–24), pleasure dome (lines 31–36), Abyssinian maid (lines 37–47), and society (lines48–54). It considers how each aspect of the Orient depicted therein exemplifies theprecariousness included in Coleridge's theory of polarity. The Orient was an imaginary worldfor Coleridge, who had not seen it and had only read books or heard talks about it. Thus, it is anon-existential thing or an unknown world that is not easily accepted but cannot be ignoredand evokes various feelings. Therefore, the balance of ambiguous feelings for the OrientinColeridge's mind cannot avoid instability and lacks permanence.

著者

河原 敬子

出版者

奈良女子大学

雑誌

人間文化研究科年報 (ISSN:09132201)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.372-382, 2010-03-31

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This is Kajii's only and last novel relating actual or external circumstances as opposed to thoughts or feelings precisely described in his former works. The novel is constructed with several episodes, all ofwhich are concerning patients of tuberculosis of the lungs and their families. As is commonly known, the disease was incurable early in the Showa era and patients were cast into the abyss of despair. Yoshida is one of such patients. He is bedridden, and so, his old mother takes care of him a whole day. One night, inspite of the fact that he is in a critical condition because of dyspnoea, he observes his self-consciousness as a sick person. Yoshida is inclined to think much of the inner life, and so, in case that he knew a woman's death, he first of all thinks of her solitary feeling. Though she was well cared for by her mother, just after her mother's death, she died,too. His mother is more keenly sure that her care is indispensable to her son. The episode shows that their point of view is much different from each other. His mother carries news of the neighborhood who depend on various popular remedies and he remembers that he was faced with such cases there previously. Yoshida takes a broard view of things in the actual world and eventually he comes to understand how hard they struggle against their hardships even if in a stupid way. Lastly, hefinds out the reality around death from statistics. He watches the statistics figures of mortality discloses that poor patients may face death earlier than rich ones and he knows that the former is composed of the strong-minded or not. Moreover, he recognizes whateven they may be, they must die. The nobel is closedrevealing realistic aspect of death.

著者

鬼塚 久美子

出版者

奈良女子大学

雑誌

人間文化研究科年報 (ISSN:09132201)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.41-54, 1996

著者

晏 妮

出版者

奈良女子大学大学院人間文化研究科

雑誌

人間文化研究科年報 (ISSN:09132201)

巻号頁・発行日

no.28, pp.41-51, 2012

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After the Boxer uprising, the Qing government promoted educational reform inaccordance with the New Policies. In 1902, Wu Xin, a graduate of Nan-yang Academy,established a girls' school called Wu-ben nü-shu in Shanghai. Wu, accepting the support offamily, recognized the importance of a girls' school and asked Shimoda Utako, a specialist ongirls' education in Japan, to send a female Japanese teacher. Thus, Kawahara Misako arrivedat Shanghai to become a teacher at Wu-ben nü-shu in September 1902.Generally, October 24,1902, is considered the day Wu-ben nü-shu was established.However, Chen Xie-fen visited the school on July 12 that year,and Kawahara arrived inSeptember. After consulting several materials, I can infer that the school was established inJanuary 1902 of the lunar calendar.Finally, I clarified the school's early state of affairs through Kawahara's memoirs.

著者

山辺 規子

出版者

奈良女子大学

雑誌

人間文化研究科年報 (ISSN:09132201)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, pp.249-261, 2006-03-31

著者

崎山 ゆかり

出版者

奈良女子大学

雑誌

人間文化研究科年報 (ISSN:09132201)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.255-264, 2005-03-31

著者

山口 真希

出版者

奈良女子大学

雑誌

人間文化研究科年報 (ISSN:09132201)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.233-242, 2010-03-31

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In this paper, previous studies about number concepts in childhood were considered for investigation concerning those of children with intellectual disabilities. The main findings were as follows:(1) There are little studies about number concepts of children with intellectual disabilities.(2) Children have a surprising amount of informal mathematical knowledge in childhood.(3) Informal mathematical knowledge are greatly depended on children's own experiences.(4) Experiment about equal distribution is proper measure for understanding children's number concepts.Therefore it is necessary to investigate the relationship between number concepts and equal distribution of children with intellectual disabilities.