著者

Megumi Hara Yuichiro Nishida Keitaro Tanaka Chisato Shimanoe Kayoko Koga Takuma Furukawa Yasuki Higaki Koichi Shinchi Hiroaki Ikezaki Masayuki Murata Kenji Takeuchi Takashi Tamura Asahi Hishida Mineko Tsukamoto Yuka Kadomatsu Keitaro Matsuo Isao Oze Mikami Haruo Kusakabe Miho Toshiro Takezaki Rie Ibusuki Sadao Suzuki Hiroko Nakagawa-Senda Daisuke Matsui Teruhide Koyama Kiyonori Kuriki Naoyuki Takashima Yasuyuki Nakamura Kokichi Arisawa Sakurako Katsuura-Kamano Kenji Wakai

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20210155, (Released:2021-10-16)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

6

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Background: Little is known about whether insufficient moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and longer sedentary behavior (SB) are independently associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CKD, whether they interact with known risk factors for CKD, and the effect of replacing sedentary time with an equivalent duration of physical activity on kidney function.Methods: We examined the cross-sectional association of MVPA and SB with eGFR and CKD in 66,603 Japanese cohort study in 14 areas from 2004 to 2013. MVPA and SB were estimated using a self-reported questionnaire, and CKD was defined as eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Multiple linear regression analyses, logistic regression analyses, and an isotemporal substitution model were applied.Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, higher MVPA and longer SB were independently associated with higher eGFR (Pfor trend MVPA<0.0001) and lower eGFR (Pfor trend SB<0.0001), and a lower odds ratio (OR) of CKD (adjusted OR of MVPA≥20 MET·h/day: 0.76 [95%CI: 0.68–0.85] compared to MVPA<5 MET·h/day) and a higher OR of CKD (adjusted OR of SB≥16 h/day: 1.81 [95%CI: 1.52–2.15] compared to SB<7 h/day), respectively. The negative association between MVPA and CKD was stronger in men, and significant interactions between sex and MVPA were detected. Replacing 1 hour of SB with 1 hour of physical activity was associated with about 3 to 4% lower OR of CKD.Conclusions: These findings indicate that replacing SB with physical activity may benefit kidney function, especially in men, adding to the possible evidence on CKD prevention.

著者

Kenshi Hayashida Genki Murakami Shinya Matsuda Kiyohide Fushimi

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.1-11, 2021-01-05 (Released:2021-01-05)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

138

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DPC, which is an acronym for “Diagnosis Procedure Combination,” is a patient classification method developed in Japan for inpatients in the acute phase of illness. It was developed as a measuring tool intended to make acute inpatient care transparent, aiming at standardization of Japanese medical care, as well as evaluation and improvement of its quality. Subsequently, this classification method came to be used in the Japanese medical service reimbursement system for acute inpatient care and appropriate allocation of medical resources. Furthermore, it has recently contributed to the development and maintenance of an appropriate medical care provision system at a regional level, which is accomplished based on DPC data used for patient classification. In this paper, we first provide an overview of DPC. Next, we will look back at over 15 years of DPC history; in particular, we will explore how DPC has been refined to become an appropriate medical service reimbursement system. Finally, we will introduce an outline of DPC-related research, starting with research using DPC data.

著者

Tatsunosuke Gomi Jun Kitayuguchi Kenta Okuyama Masamitsu Kamada Shigeru Inoue Hiroharu Kamioka Yoshiteru Mutoh

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20200415, (Released:2021-01-16)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

7

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Background: Food access is an important aspect of health promotion for the elderly. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between distance to the nearest food store and diet variety in rural community-dwelling elderly Japanese.Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 1,103 elderly participants surveyed by mail in rural areas of Japan. Diversity of food intake was assessed by diet variety score (DVS). Street network distance from home to food store was calculated and categorized by quartile using a geographic information system and analyzed in relation to diet by multivariable regression with the primary outcome as low DVS. Sub-analysis of the association with DVS was conducted for each food store category (convenience store, supermarket and small food store). The association between intake frequency of each food group and distance was also analyzed.Results: Participants in the fourth quartile of distance to food store had significantly higher prevalence ratio (1.15, 95% CI, 1.01–1.32) for low DVS than those in the first quartile. There was a significant tendency between greater distance to food store and lower DVS (p for trend = 0.033). Supermarkets and convenience stores, in particular, showed significant associations. Greater distance was significantly associated with lower frequency of meat and fruit intake.Conclusions: There was significant association between distance to nearest food store and diet variety in rural Japanese elderly. These findings suggest the importance of interventions for areas at high risk of low diet variety, such as places far away from food stores.

著者

Mako Nagayoshi Asahi Hishida Tomonori Shimizu Yasufumi Kato Yoko Kubo Rieko Okada Takashi Tamura Jun Otonari Hiroaki Ikezaki Megumi Hara Yuichiro Nishida Isao Oze Yuriko N. Koyanagi Yohko Nakamura Miho Kusakabe Rie Ibusuki Keiichi Shibuya Sadao Suzuki Takeshi Nishiyama Teruhide Koyama Etsuko Ozaki Kiyonori Kuriki Naoyuki Takashima Yasuyuki Nakamura Sakurako Katsuura-Kamano Kokichi Arisawa Masahiro Nakatochi Yukihide Momozawa Kenji Takeuchi Kenji Wakai

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20220154, (Released:2023-01-28)

参考文献数

54

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Background: Although many observational studies have demonstrated significant relationships between obesity and cardiometabolic traits, the causality of these relationships in East Asians remains to be elucidated.Methods: We conducted individual-level Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses targeting 14,083 participants in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study, and two-sample MR analyses using summary statistics based on genome-wide association study data from 173,430 Japanese. Using 83 body mass index-related loci, genetic risk scores (GRS) for BMI were calculated, and the effects of BMI on cardiometabolic traits were examined for individual-level MR analyses by the two-stage least squares estimator method. The β-coefficients and standard errors for the per-allele association of each single-nucleotide polymorphism as well as all outcomes, or odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated in the two-sample MR analyses.Results: In individual-level MR analyses, the GRS of BMI was not significantly associated with any cardiometabolic traits. In two-sample MR analyses, higher BMI was associated with higher risks of higher blood pressure, triglycerides, uric acid, lower high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and eGFR. The associations of BMI with type 2 diabetes in two-sample MR analyses were inconsistent by different methods, including the directions.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that, even among the Japanese, an East Asian population with low levels of obesity, higher BMI could be causally associated with the development of a variety of cardiometabolic traits. Causality in those associations should be clarified in future studies with larger populations, especially those of BMI with type 2 diabetes.

著者

Takashi Oshio

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.9, pp.412-419, 2020-09-05 (Released:2020-09-05)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

2 3

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Background: A growing amount of evidence demonstrates the adverse impacts of economic downturns on population health. However, the extent to which the macroeconomic conditions at labor market entry affect health outcomes in later life remains relatively understudied. This study focused on the health outcomes of the cohort who entered the labor market during the “employment ice age” (EIA; 1993–2004) in Japan, when young people had difficulty finding jobs after graduating from college or high school.Methods: We used repeated cross-sectional data (N = 3,054,782; 1,500,618 men and 1,554,164 women) obtained from an 11-wave population-based nationwide survey conducted every 3 years from 1986 through 2016. We considered three health outcomes: being in hospital, subjective symptoms, and self-rated health (SRH). We employed two types of statistical analyses: an age-period-cohort (APC) analysis, which controlled for age and period (wave) effects, and a difference-in-differences (DiD) analysis, in which the EIA experience was regarded as a treatment.Results: The APC analysis confirmed the relative disadvantage of the EIA cohort for all three outcomes; for instance, the odds ratio of poor SRH for the EIA cohort was 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–1.38) for men and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.17–1.34) for women. The DiD analysis confirmed the robustness of these results, especially for men.Conclusions: The results underscored the lingering impact of the macroeconomic conditions at labor market entry on health outcomes in later life in Japan.

著者

Jennifer Girschik Lin Fritschi Jane Heyworth Flavie Waters

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.5, pp.462-468, 2012-09-05 (Released:2012-09-05)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

204 224

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Background: Self-report remains the most practical and cost-effective method for epidemiologic sleep studies involving large population-based samples. Several validated questionnaires have been developed to assess sleep, but these tools are lengthy to administer and may be impractical for epidemiologic studies. We examined whether a 3-item sleep questionnaire, similar to those typically used in epidemiologic studies, closely corresponded with objective measures of sleep as assessed using actigraphy monitoring.Methods: Eligible participants were Western Australian women aged 18 to 80 years. Participants completed a sleep questionnaire, wore a wrist actigraph for 7 nights, and completed a brief daily sleep log. Objective actigraphy measurements for 56 participants were summarized by mean and mode and compared with the subjective reports, using weighted kappa and delta.Results: Data collected from the questionnaire showed poor agreement with objectively measured sleep, with kappas ranging from −0.19 to 0.14.Conclusions: Our results indicate that sleep questions typically used in epidemiologic studies do not closely correspond with objective measures of sleep as assessed using actigraphy. The findings have implications for studies that have used such sleep questions. A means of appropriately measuring sleep as a risk factor in epidemiologic studies remains to be determined.

著者

Eiko Saito Manami Inoue Norie Sawada Hadrien Charvat Taichi Shimazu Taiki Yamaji Motoki Iwasaki Shizuka Sasazuki Tetsuya Mizoue Hiroyasu Iso Shoichiro Tsugane

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.3, pp.140-148, 2018-03-05 (Released:2018-03-05)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

25 36

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Background: We examined the associations of alcohol consumption and liver holidays with all-cause mortality and with mortality due to cancer, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease, and injury using a large-scale prospective study in Japan.Methods: We followed 102,849 Japanese who were aged between 40 and 69 years at baseline for 18.2 years on average, during which 15,203 deaths were reported. Associations between alcohol intake and mortality risk were assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model, with analysis by the number of liver holidays (in which a person abstains from drinking for several days a week).Results: A J-shaped association was observed between alcohol intake and total mortality in men (nondrinkers: reference; occasional drinkers: hazard ratio [HR] 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68–0.80; 1–149 g/week: HR 0.76; 95% CI, 0.71–0.81; 150–299 g/week: HR 0.75; 95% CI, 0.70–0.80; 300–449 g/week: HR 0.84; 95% CI, 0.78–0.91; 450–599 g/week: HR 0.92; 95% CI, 0.83–1.01; and ≥600 g/week: HR 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07–1.32) and in women (nondrinkers: reference; occasional: HR 0.75; 95% CI, 0.70–0.82; 1–149 g/week: HR 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73–0.88; 150–299 g/week: HR 0.91; 95% CI, 0.74–1.13; 300–449 g/week: HR 1.04; 95% CI, 0.73–1.48; and ≥450 g/week: HR 1.59; 95% CI, 1.07–2.38). In current drinkers, alcohol consumption was associated with a linear, positive increase in mortality risk from all causes, cancer, and cerebrovascular disease in both men and women, but not heart disease in men. Taking of liver holidays was associated with a lower risk of cancer and cerebrovascular disease mortality in men.Conclusions: Alcohol intake showed J-shaped associations with the risk of total mortality and three leading causes of death. However, heavy drinking increases the risk of mortality, which highlights the necessity of drinking in moderation coupled with liver holidays.

著者

Kenta Tanaka Tomotaka Sobue Ling Zha Tetsuhisa Kitamura Norie Sawada Motoki Iwasaki Manami Inoue Taiki Yamaji Shoichiro Tsugane

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.91-100, 2023-02-05 (Released:2023-02-05)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

2

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Background: Few cohort studies have used multiple surveys of screening attendance to simultaneously evaluate the effectiveness of fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and colonoscopy.Methods: We analyzed data of 30,381 middle-aged Japanese adults from a population-based prospective cohort study. Information on FOBT and colonoscopy was obtained from three questionnaire surveys (every 5 years). We classified the subjects into three groups: the FOBT (15,649 subjects), screening colonoscopy (2,407 subjects), and unscreened (12,325 subjects) groups. We used the unscreened group as the reference group to compare the mortality and incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC).Results: During the 14-year follow-up, 64, 12, and 104 CRC deaths were identified in the FOBT, screening colonoscopy, and unscreened groups, respectively. The risk of CRC death reduced with increasing the number of FOBTs (P for trend = 0.02) and was reduced by 44% in the subjects screened twice or thrice using FOBT (hazard ratio [HR] 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33–0.94). Significant decreases were seen for the incidence of CRC but not seen for the incidence of non-advanced CRC in the FOBT group. Concerning the screening colonoscopy, subjects screened at the start of follow-up showed a 69% reduced risk of CRC death (HR 0.31; 95% CI, 0.10–0.9996). Significant decreases were also seen for the incidence of CRC and non-advanced CRC in the subjects screened at the start of follow-up.Conclusion: FOBT, depending on the number of FOBTs, and colonoscopy, depending on recency, reduced the risk of death due to CRC and the incidence of CRC.

著者

Seiji Yasumura Tetsuya Ohira Tetsuo Ishikawa Hiroki Shimura Akira Sakai Masaharu Maeda Itaru Miura Keiya Fujimori Hitoshi Ohto Kenji Kamiya

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.Supplement_XII, pp.S3-S10, 2022-12-05 (Released:2022-12-05)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

11 21

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The Fukushima Health Management Survey (FHMS) was established in response to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident on March 11, 2011. The primary objectives of the study are to monitor residents’ long-term health and promote their future well-being, and to determine the health effects of long-term low-dose radiation exposure. This special issue summarizes the results and current status of the FHMS and discusses the challenges and future directions of the FHMS. The FHMS, a cohort study of all people who were residents in Fukushima Prefecture at the time of the accident, consists of a Basic Survey, Thyroid Ultrasound Examination, Comprehensive Health Check, Mental Health and Lifestyle Survey, and Pregnancy and Birth Survey. The radiation exposure was estimated based on the behavioral records examined using the Basic Survey. Although the response rate was low in the Basic Survey, the representativeness of the radiation exposure data was confirmed using additional surveys. There appears to be no relationship between the radiation exposure and risk of thyroid cancer, although more thyroid cancer cases were detected than initially expected. The ongoing Comprehensive Health Check and Mental Health and Lifestyle Survey have provided evidence of worsening physical and mental health status. The Pregnancy and Birth Survey showed rates of preterm delivery, low birth weight, and congenital abnormalities similar to the national average. Considering the above evidence, the Fukushima Prefectural Government decided to end the Pregnancy and Birth Survey at the end of March 2021, as recommended by the Prefectural Oversight Committee. The framework of the FHMS has not changed, but the FHMS needs to adapt according to the survey results and the changing needs of the eligible residents and municipalities.

著者

Gertraud Maskarinec Phyllis Raquinio Bruce S. Kristal Adrian A. Franke Steven D. Buchthal Thomas M. Ernst Kristine R. Monroe John A. Shepherd Yurii B. Shvetsov Loïc Le Marchand Unhee Lim

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.7, pp.314-322, 2022-07-05 (Released:2022-07-05)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

1 7

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Background: As the proportion of visceral (VAT) to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) may contribute to type 2 diabetes (T2D) development, we examined this relation in a cross-sectional design within the Multiethnic Cohort that includes Japanese Americans known to have high VAT. The aim was to understand how ectopic fat accumulation differs by glycemic status across ethnic groups with disparate rates of obesity, T2D, and propensity to accumulate VAT.Methods: In 2013–2016, 1,746 participants aged 69.2 (standard deviation, 2.7) years from five ethnic groups completed questionnaires, blood collections, and whole-body dual X-ray absorptiometry and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging scans. Participants with self-reported T2D and/or medication were classified as T2D, those with fasting glucose >125 and 100–125 mg/dL as undiagnosed cases (UT2D) and prediabetes (PT2D), respectively. Using linear regression, we estimated adjusted means of adiposity measures by T2D status.Results: Overall, 315 (18%) participants were classified as T2D, 158 (9%) as UT2D, 518 (30%) as PT2D, and 755 (43%) as normoglycemic (NG), with significant ethnic differences (P < 0.0001). In fully adjusted models, VAT, VAT/SAT, and percent liver fat increased significantly from NG, PT2D, UT2D, to T2D (P < 0.001). Across ethnic groups, the VAT/SAT ratio was lowest for NG participants and highest for T2D cases. Positive trends were observed in all groups except African Americans, with highest VAT/SAT in Japanese Americans.Conclusion: These findings indicate that VAT plays an important role in T2D etiology, in particular among Japanese Americans with high levels of ectopic adipose tissue, which drives the development of T2D to a greater degree than in other ethnic groups.

著者

Rumi Matsuo Naomi Matsumoto Tomoka Kadowaki Toshiharu Mitsuhashi Soshi Takao Takashi Yorifuji

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.151-152, 2022-03-05 (Released:2022-03-05)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1

著者

Toshiyuki Yasui Yuki Ideno Hiromitsu Shinozaki Yoshikazu Kitahara Kazue Nagai Kunihiko Hayashi

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.117-124, 2022-03-05 (Released:2022-03-05)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

2 9

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Background: There have been few community-based epidemiological studies in which the prevalence of exogenous hormone use, including the use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT), has been accurately assessed in Japan.Methods: We have been conducting repeated surveys of participants in the Japan Nurses’ Health Study (JNHS), as a nationwide prospective cohort study, since 2001. We determined the prevalence of exogenous hormone use at baseline and during a 10-year follow-up period. A total of 15,019 female nurses participated in the JNHS follow-up cohort. We determined the prevalence of OC use in 14,839 women <60 years of age at baseline and the prevalence of HRT use in 7,915 women, excluding premenopausal women, at the last time they answered a questionnaire. The duration of HRT use was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results: Six percent of the participants used OCs. The proportion of HRT users who stopped HRT before the baseline survey, the proportion of women using HRT during the follow-up period, and the proportion of all of the participants who had used HRT were 3.2%, 10.6%, and 13.8%, respectively. The median duration of HRT use was 2 years.Conclusions: The lifetime prevalences of exogenous hormone use during this prospective study conducted in Japanese nurses were 6.0% for OCs and 13.8% for HRT. The information obtained in this study will be useful for clarification of the association between exogenous estrogen exposure and estrogen-related diseases as future research.

著者

Nobuyuki Katsumata Daisuke Harama Takako Toda Yuto Sunaga Masashi Yoshizawa Yosuke Kono Yohei Hasebe Keiichi Koizumi Minako Hoshiai Tomohiro Saito Sho Hokibara Koji Kobayashi Miwa Goto Tomoaki Sano Makoto Tsuruta Makoto Nakamura Sonoko Mizorogi Masanori Ohta Mie Mochizuki Hiroki Sato Hiroshi Yokomichi Takeshi Inukai

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.11, pp.573-580, 2021-11-05 (Released:2021-11-05)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

6

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Background: Kawasaki disease is suspected to be triggered by previous infection. The prevention measures for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have reportedly reduced transmission of certain infectious diseases. Under these circumstances, the prevention measures for COVID-19 may reduce the incidence of Kawasaki disease.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study using registration datasets of patients with Kawasaki disease who were diagnosed in all 11 inpatient pediatric facilities in Yamanashi Prefecture. The eligible cases were 595 cases that were diagnosed before the COVID-19 pandemic (from January 2015 through February 2020) and 38 cases that were diagnosed during the COVID-19 pandemic (from March through November 2020). Incidence of several infectious disease were evaluated using data from the Infectious Disease Weekly Report conducted by the National Institute of Infectious Diseases.Results: Epidemics of various infectious diseases generally remained at low levels during the first 9 months (March through November 2020) of the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the incidence of COVID-19 was 50–80 times lower than the incidence in European countries and the United States. The total number of 38 cases with Kawasaki disease for the 9 months during the COVID-19 pandemic was 46.3% (−3.5 standard deviations [SDs] of the average [82.0; SD, 12.7 cases] for the corresponding 9 months of the previous 5 years. None of the 38 cases was determined to be triggered by COVID-19 based on their medical histories and negative results of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 testing at admission.Conclusion: These observations provide a new epidemiological evidence for the notion that Kawasaki disease is triggered by major infectious diseases in children.

著者

Naomi Matsumoto Tomoka Kadowaki Rumi Matsuo Ayako Sasaki Chikara Miyaji Chigusa Higuchi Masanori Nakayama Yasue Sakurada Hideharu Hagiya Soshi Takao Fumio Otsuka Takashi Yorifuji

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20220210, (Released:2022-08-27)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1

著者

Shihoko Koyama Takahiro Tabuchi Sumiyo Okawa Takayoshi Kadobayashi Hisaya Shirai Takeshi Nakatani Isao Miyashiro

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20200533, (Released:2021-03-20)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

3 30

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Background: In April 2020, the Japanese government declared a state of emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and infection control measures, including requests to work from home and stay-at-home restrictions, were introduced. This study examined changes in smoking behavior during the COVID-19 state of emergency.Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted in Osaka, Japan. To assess differences in smoking behavior among 5,120 current smokers before and after the declaration of a state of emergency, prevalence ratios (PRs) for two outcomes, increased smoking and quitting smoking, were calculated using multivariable Poisson regression, adjusting for potential covariates.Results: We found 32.1% increased the number of cigarettes smoked and 11.9% quit smoking. After adjustment for all variables, we found risk factors for COVID-19 (men and older age group) had both significantly higher PR for quitting smoking (men: PR 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–1.62) and participants aged ≥65 years: PR 2.45; 95% CI, 1.92–3.12) and significantly lower PR of increased smoking (men: PR 0.85; 95% CI, 0.78–0.93 and participants ≥65 years: PR 0.38; 95% CI, 0.29–0.49). Additionally, respondents working from home or living alone had significantly higher PR for increased smoking (working from home: PR 1.29; 95% CI, 1.17–1.41 and living alone: PR 1.23; 95% CI, 1.10–1.38) and respondents who changed from cigarettes to heated tobacco products (HTPs) had significantly lower PR for quitting smoking (PR 0.150; 95% CI, 0.039–0.582).Conclusions: We suggest people who have high-risk factors for COVID-19 might change their smoking behavior for the better, while people who work from home or live alone might change their smoking behavior for the worse, during the COVID-19 state of emergency. Additionally, changing from smoking cigarettes to using HTPs makes smokers less likely to quit.

著者

Kota Katanoda

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.1, 2022-01-05 (Released:2022-01-05)

著者

Mayu Uemura Hiroshi Yatsuya Esayas Haregot Hilawe Yuanying Li Chaochen Wang Chifa Chiang Rei Otsuka Hideaki Toyoshima Koji Tamakoshi Atsuko Aoyama

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.5, pp.351-358, 2015-05-05 (Released:2015-05-05)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

34 46

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Background: Skipping breakfast has been suspected as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2DM), but the associations are not entirely consistent across ethnicities or sexes, and the issue has not been adequately addressed in the Japanese population.Methods: We followed 4631 participants (3600 men and 1031 women) in a work-site cohort of participants aged 35–66 years in 2002 through 2011 for T2DM development. Frequency of eating breakfast was self-reported and was subsequently dichotomized to breakfast skippers, who eat breakfast 3–5 times/week or less, and to eaters. Cox proportional hazards models were used to adjust for potential confounding factors, including dietary factors, smoking and other lifestyles, body mass index (BMI), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) at baseline.Results: During 8.9 years of follow-up, 285 T2DM cases (231 men and 54 women) developed. Compared to participants who reported eating breakfast every day, maximally-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of those with the frequency of almost every day and 3–5, 1–2, and 0 days/week were: 1.06 (95% CI, 0.73–1.53), 2.07 (95% CI, 1.20–3.56), 1.37 (95% CI, 0.82–2.29), and 2.12 (95% CI, 1.19–3.76), respectively. In a dichotomized analysis, breakfast skipping was positively associated with T2DM incidence (maximally-adjusted hazard ratio 1.73; 95% CI, 1.24–2.42). The positive associations were found in both men and women, current and non-current smokers, normal weight and overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2), and normal glycemic status and impaired fasting glycemic status (FBG 110 to <126 mg/dL) individuals at baseline (Ps for interaction all >0.05).Conclusions: The present study in middle-aged Japanese men and women suggests that skipping breakfast may increase the risk of T2DM independent of lifestyles and baseline levels of BMI and FBG.

著者

Yasuyuki Okumura Naoya Sugiyama Toshie Noda Hisateru Tachimori

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.8, pp.288-294, 2019-08-05 (Released:2019-08-05)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

10 13

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Background: A better understanding of resource use of new psychiatric admissions is important for healthcare providers and policymakers to improve psychiatric care. This study aims to describe the pattern of new psychiatric admissions and length of stay in Japan.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB). All patients newly admitted to psychiatric wards from April 2014 through March 2016 were included and followed up until discharge to the community.Results: Our sample included 605,982 admissions from 1,621 hospitals over 2 years. The average monthly number of admissions was 25,024 in fiscal year 2014 and 25,475 in fiscal year 2015. There was a seasonal trend in the number of admissions, with a peak in summer (in July). The discharge rates within 90 days and 360 days were 64.1% and 85.7%, respectively, and varied by type of hospital fee and by hospital. For example, the range of hospital-level discharge rate within 90 days in psychiatric emergency units was 46.0–75.3% in the 1st (lowest) quintile, while it was 83.6–96.0% in the 5th (highest) quintile. The prefecture-level indicators in the NDB and the 630 survey had correlations of >0.70.Conclusions: Our study provides fundamental information on resource use of new psychiatric admissions in Japan. Although using the NDB has substantial benefits in monitoring resource use, the results should be interpreted with some caution owing to methodological issues inherent in the database.

著者

Akiko Shibata Shigehira SAJI Kenji KAMIYA Seiji YASUMURA

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20200202, (Released:2020-09-19)

参考文献数

14

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BackgroundsCancer incidence in Fukushima Prefecture, especially thyroid cancer, has been a public concern, since the Tokyo Electric Power Company Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plants accident following the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011; however, cancer incidence for Fukushima residents before and after the accident based on a population-based cancer registry (PBCR) has not been known to worldwide.MethodsWe obtained the corrected incidence data for invasive cancers newly diagnosed from 2008 to 2015, from the Fukushima Cancer Registry. We checked data quality indicators for PBCRs to confirm a comparability. We calculated age-standardized annual incidence and mortality of cancer for all-site, thyroid, and leukemia by calendar year and sex, as did for Tochigi Prefecture and all of Japan as a reference for comparison. We applied joinpoint trend analysis to test an apparent trend in incidence and mortality.ResultsThe corrected incidence data from the Fukushima Cancer Registry had sufficient quality comparable to other PBCRs. For the age-standardized annual incidence by sex and cancer type in Fukushima and Tochigi, we did not detect any joinpoint in trend with statistical significance. Cancer incidence gently increased from 2008 to 2015 nationwide. Incidence and mortality of cancer for Fukushima before the accident was very close to that for Tochigi.ConclusionsWe interpreted the incidence statistics of cancer for Fukushima residents between 2008 and 2015. Our results will provide fundamental statistics for subsequent researchers to assess the relationship between the disaster and cancer incidence among Fukushima residents in the long term.

著者

Silvano GALLUS Alessandra LUGO Chiara STIVAL Sonia CERRAI Luke CLANCY Filippos T. FILIPPIDIS Giuseppe GORINI Maria José LOPEZ Ángel LÓPEZ-NICOLÁS Sabrina MOLINARO Anna ODONE Joan B. SORIANO Olena TIGOVA Piet A. VAN DEN BRANDT Constantine I. VARDAVAS Esteve FERNANDEZ the TackSHS Project Investigators

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20210329, (Released:2021-11-13)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

3

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Background: Limited data on electronic cigarette prevalence, patterns and settings of use are available from several European countries.Methods: Within the TackSHS project, a face-to-face survey was conducted in 2017-2018 in 12 European countries (Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Spain). Overall, 11,876 participants, representative of the population aged ≥15 years in each country, provided information on electronic cigarette.Results: 2.4% (95% confidence interval, CI: 2.2-2.7) of the subjects (2.5% among men and 2.4% among women; 0.4% among never, 4.4% among current- and 6.5% among ex-smokers) reported current use of electronic cigarette, ranging from 0.6% in Spain to 7.2% in England. Of the 272 electronic cigarette users, 52.6% were dual users (i.e., users of both electronic and conventional cigarettes) and 58.8% used liquids with nicotine. In all, 65.1% reported using electronic cigarette in at least one indoor setting where smoking is forbidden, in particular in workplaces (34.9%), and bars and restaurants (41.5%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that electronic cigarette use was lower among older individuals (p for trend <0.001) and higher among individuals with high level of education (p for trend 0.040). Participants from countries with higher tobacco cigarette prices more frequently reported electronic cigarette use (odds ratio 3.62; 95% CI: 1.80-7.30).Conclusions: Considering the whole adult population of these 12 European countries, more than 8.3 million people use electronic cigarettes. The majority of users also smoked conventional cigarettes, used electronic cigarettes with nicotine and consumed electronic cigarettes in smoke-free indoor areas.