著者

高市 真一

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.4, pp.264-267, 2012 (Released:2012-12-28)

参考文献数

21

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Phototrophic organisms including land plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria can synthesize carotenoids for photosynthesis. A part of bacteria and fungi also synthesize carotenoids. On the other hand, animals cannot synthesize carotenoids, and they ingest carotenoids from foods. Most animals can modify the carotenoids, such as oxidation and reduction. Humans contain usually six kinds of carotenoids: β-carotene, α-carotene, lycopene, β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, and lutein. Furthermore in this paper, functions of carotenoids in animals especially humans are briefly summarized: Carotenoids are essential for organisms living under oxygen to prevent active oxygen. β-Carotene is cleaved into retinal by β-carotene-15,15'-monooxygenase. Retinal is used as photoreceptor in eye. Lutein and zeaxanthin are accumulated in macula of eye for prevent blue light. From epidemiology, carotenoids in vegetables have anticancer activities. Lycopene might prevent prostatic cancer. Some carotenoids have also functions, such as antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-obesity.

著者

中村 博子 伊勢 雄也 片山 志郎

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.3, pp.195-198, 2012 (Released:2012-08-31)

参考文献数

15

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Patients with cancer-related anorexia (CRA) have a lack of appetite, early satiety, taste changes, poor performance status, and diminished quality of life. Megestrol acetate is a standard treatment for CRA. Recently, olanzapine has been reported to be effective for treating refractory nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy in patients with cancer. A clinical trial has found that the combination of megestrol acetate and olanzapine is effective for patients with CRA. In this article we describe the treatment of CRA using olanzapine.

著者

大内 望 品川 寿弥 村田 知昭 明樂 重夫 竹下 俊行

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.3, pp.147-150, 2007 (Released:2007-07-12)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1 1

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We present a case of pregnancy complicated by sacroiliitis. The patient complained of lumbar pain, dysbasia, and fever of 37.8°C at 14 weeks' gestation. Sacroiliitis was diagnosed on the basis of magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment included bed rest, antibiotics, and analgesic medications. Complete recovery required 2 months.

著者

伊藤 保彦

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.40, 2010 (Released:2010-03-05)

著者

元文 芳和 伊藤 博元

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.42-46, 2006 (Released:2006-03-10)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1 1

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Many patients require a medical check-up as an outpatient with the chief complaint of low back pain, because the morbidity of low back pain is high. Many cases of acute lumbago resolve spontaneously, but some cases shift to chronic lumbago. Low back pain is classified as somatic pain and radicular pain resulting from the lumbar area, and other pain originating in the abdomen and pelvic viscera. We describe it mainly as low back pain and inter vertebral disc herniation. At the time of diagnosing inter vertebral disc herniation, the straight leg raising test is a very useful physical examination and MRI is the best examination for imaging studies. The therapeutic principle is conservative treatment, because symptoms of inter vertebral disc herniation may improve naturally. Surgical treatment is chosen when severe nerve damage, such as bladder problems or dropfoot, is present and patients are in significant pain.

著者

永山 寛

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.3, pp.78-85, 2016-06-15 (Released:2016-07-13)

参考文献数

48

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Depression is found in about 40% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The main characteristics of depression in PD is inability to experience pleasure, however, the symptoms such as severe anxiety, suicidal idea, daily fluctuation of mood, depression associated hallucination and delusion are relatively rare. In more than half of these patients, the cause of depression is closely linked the pathophysiology of PD itself. The feature of depression in PD is limited and is equivalent for the words of anhedonia/apathy, although the feature of "depression" is also occasionally found in PD. Indeed, recent studies suggested the features of depression, apathy (anhedonia) and dementia were independent in PD. As the mechanism of anhedonia/apathy in PD, the disturbance of acetylcholine and other monoamine system such as noradrenaline as well as dopaminergic system is indicated. The dopamine system that concerns with anhedonia/apathy is considered to be originated from ventral tegmental area in the midbrain project to nucleus accumbens, amygdala and mesolimbic system. Malfunction of these neurons cause the inactivation of emotion and motivation as the disruption of frontostriatal circuits, and this is related to the anhedonia/apathy in PD. Moreover, recent studies have shown that the dysfunction of amygdala and the disruption of its connectivity in the brain is suggested to the etiology of depression in PD. In the treatment of depression, at first, the sufficient medication for motor symptoms is needed, because depression in PD is linked the pathophysiology of PD. In the next step, anti-depressants are used. Some dopamine agonist such as pramipexole is also effective.

著者

小林 茂樹

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.134-142, 2012 (Released:2012-05-30)

参考文献数

22

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Many drugs for glaucoma treatment have recently been developed, but prostaglandin (PG) analogs, which are PGF2α derivatives, are used most frequently. In particular, PG analogs with a stem name of "-prost" have become first-line therapies. When using PG analogs, it is important to understand their chemical structures and characteristics. These PG analogs are biologically active in carboxylate forms and are formulated as prodrugs by esterifying the terminal carboxyl to reduce side effects. The effect of PG analogs on glaucoma is determined by the degree of affinity to prostaglandin FP receptors. the structural formulae of PG analogs and our experimental results suggest that a 15-difluoro PG analog (tafluprost), which has a 13, 14 double bond, would have greater affinity for prostaglandin FP receptors and greater stability than 15-hydroxy PG analogs. Furthermore, 15-difluoro PG analogs containing a 13, 14 double bond were effective in clinical studies. Experimental results have shown that 15-difluoro PG analogs could help improve blood flow in the eye and might reduce the side effect of pigmentation. Tafluprost has been considered the best PG analog for first-line therapy, but a series of new glaucoma eye drops containing 2 active ingredients were launched in Japan in 2010. Each eye drop has advantages and disadvantages, and further studies are necessary to evaluate their clinical usefulness.

著者

戸田 茂樹 喜多村 孝幸 寺本 明

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.36-40, 2008 (Released:2008-03-17)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

1 1

---

We present a case of bilateral chronic subdural hematoma due to spontaneous intracranial hypotension. This patient complained of postural headache. Computed tomography of the brain showed bilateral chronic subdural hematomas, and radioisotope cisternography showed leakage of cerebrospinal fluid at the lumbar level. We placed an epidural blood patch at the lumbar level and a few days later performed irrigation of the bilateral hematomas. The patient recovered completely and was discharged.

著者

内藤 善哉

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.3, pp.159-166, 2009 (Released:2009-07-15)

参考文献数

4

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The confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) is a device for obtaining high-resolution optical images of immunofluorescent staining. The CLSM can produce in-focus images of thick specimens, a process known as optical sectioning. The images are reconstructed with a computer, using 3-dimensional image software, allowing 3-dimensional reconstructions of topologically complex objects. On the same tissue sections, the CLSM can obtain the images of differential interference contrast. Recently, a special inverted CLSM-the multimode microscopy system-has been used to examine the morphology and functions of cells. A multimode microscopy system can be used to obtain images of CLSM, total internal reflection fluorescence, time-lapse, and micromanipulation. In the present study, we show images of pancreatic cancer cells as an example.

著者

揖斐 孝之 稲毛 道憲 浅川 光夫

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.4, pp.185-188, 2005 (Released:2005-11-09)

参考文献数

17

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Double inferior vena cava is a congenital venous anomaly that is found at about 1% to 3% of routine autopsies and has been described in numerous reports over the years. According to Adachi (1940), it has an incidence of 1.4±0.34%. More recently, diagnostic imaging has revealed that double inferior vena cava tends to be found in patients with hydronephrosis and various other conditions. During routine anatomical practice at Nippon Medical School in 2000, a case of double inferior vena cava was observed in a Japanese woman who had died of subarachnoid hemorrhage at 66 years of age. Bilateral inferior venae cavae, left renal vein, and transiliac vein were found through dissection. These findings are supplemented by a discussion of the literature with respect to embryological studies, morphological classifications, and disease correlations.

著者

三輪 正人

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.4, pp.215, 2015-10-15 (Released:2015-11-26)

著者

洲鎌 秀永 柿沼 由彦

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.42-43, 2016-04-15 (Released:2016-05-16)

参考文献数

3

著者

峯 克也 明樂 重夫 近藤 幸尋 竹下 俊行

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.3, pp.147-151, 2010 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

5

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A 33-year-old woman was referred to us by the department of urology because of cyclic bladder pain during menstruation. Cystoscopy showed a 3.5-cm-diameter tumor in the bladder mucosa, and a biopsy showed chronic cystitis. Transvaginal ultrasound and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left endometrial ovarian cyst. Although a biopsy did not prove bladder endometriosis, we diagnosed bladder endometriosis on the basis of the characteristic clinical findings. Laparoscopic partial cystectomy for bladder endometriosis and left ovarian endometrial cyst resection were performed. The bladder was closed in one layer using Z sutures with #3-0 polyglactin 910. Indigo carmine dye was then used to check for any leakage. The procedure lasted 4 hours, and the estimated blood loss was 10mL. There were no technique problems or complications. The Foley catheter was removed after 7 days. The symptoms had resolved by 4 weeks after surgery, and the patient was released to routine follow-up. The patient had complete resolution of bladder symptoms and cyclic pelvic pain and was delighted with the absence of pain and the cosmetic result.

著者

藤崎 弘士

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.135-139, 2013 (Released:2013-05-08)

参考文献数

18

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We review theoretical and computational approaches to ligand binding, one of the most relevant biomolecular events in a cell. Starting from a kinetic description of ligand binding, which is summarized by the use of the dissociation constant, we discuss simple docking simulations, the Molecular Mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (Generalized Born Surface Area) approximation for binding free energy (intermediate level of approximation) , and more rigorous free energy profile calculations, which will be used in the near future for designing and discovering drugs.

著者

郷家 明子

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.4, pp.221-224, 2013 (Released:2013-11-14)

参考文献数

8

著者

我妻 朋美 萩原 祐介 伏屋 洋志 菅野 麻希 高橋 美香 松元 秀次

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.3, pp.125-130, 2018-06-15 (Released:2018-08-08)

参考文献数

7

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Background: We have observed that patients with restricted thumb opposition sometimes develop dysfunction of the intrinsic muscles around the metacarpal joint of the middle finger. Therefore, we developed a middle finger abduction exercise program which focuses on improvement of intrinsic muscle function during post-operative rehabilitation after thumb carpometacarpal arthroplasty. We report on the efficacy of the program herein.Methods: Three patients with Eaton stage III-IV thumb carpometacarpal arthritis were included in the study. The effects of the exercise program were recorded. Ultrasonography and surface electromyography were used to evaluate the effects of the exercise in two healthy volunteers.Results: Five minutes of exercise resulted in a 1- to 2-point improvement in the Kapandji opposition score, and a 1- to 3-cm improvement in thumb opposition to the base of the small finger. Ultrasonography and electromyography revealed that adductor pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, and abductor digiti minimi contractions became more synchronous.Conclusion: Our middle finger abduction exercise program improves thumb opposition significantly. The program may be particularly useful for post-operative rehabilitation after thumb surgeries: thumb opposition can be improved without thumb motion, which can be painful in the early post-operative period.

著者

瀧澤 俊広

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.2, pp.136-140, 2009 (Released:2009-05-15)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

2 2

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Histochemistry, especially immunohistochemistry, is a powerful and diverse set of methods for obtaining spatial and temporal information concerning the expression and distribution of biomolecules in situ. In this technical note, we describe procedures for fixation and immunofluorescence microscopy using cryostat sections.

著者

黒部 裕嗣 佐田 政隆

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.4, pp.210-213, 2017-10-15 (Released:2017-11-20)

参考文献数

17

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Over 190,000 patients die each year in japan due to ischemic heart disease. For these patients, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) are done to improve the blood flow of coronary artery with stenosis. It would be better to prevent or mitigate the progress of atherosclerosis in these patients before requiring surgery. Recently, it has been reported that epicardial adipose tissue plays an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease.This review shows the recent trends about ischemic heart disease from the clinical perspective, including its' treatment, pathology and preventive measure.

著者

杉原 仁

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.4, pp.203, 2014-10-15 (Released:2014-11-17)

著者

樫村 正美 野村 俊明

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.57-60, 2016-04-15 (Released:2016-05-16)

参考文献数

12

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Several psychological and behavioral treatments have been gaining attention recently for their effectiveness in improving common diseases, such as depression and anxiety. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is particularly notable in this context, as considerable evidence of its efficacy has been presented. In this paper, we introduce the basic concept of CBT and offer evidence of its effectiveness. We believe that CBT is an effective intervention and hope that it will become widely used to deal with patient distress.