著者

久土 智也 木口 昭夫 藤井 広志

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.758, (Released:2019-06-14)

参考文献数

14

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Illegal distribution of cannabis products, such as cannabis-infused foods and e-liquids, are increasing in Japan. The main component of cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). THC extracted from cannabis is regulated by the Cannabis Control Act, and chemically synthesized THC is regulated by the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act; therefore, it is important to identify the source of THC for judicial appraisal. Recently, the crime of cultivating cannabis has occurred frequently in Japan. Illegal cultivation is difficult to discover because there are cases in which cannabis is cultivated secretly in a room in apartments, etc. Cannabis is a plant that emits unique odors. Detection of the odor constituents can provide a breakthrough for the criminal investigation of cannabis cultivation. The purpose of this study was to identify cannabis products and utilize them for the criminal investigation of cannabis cultivation. Cannabis plants were cultivated from seeds and analyzed using both solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and solvent extraction. Fifty kinds of volatile components were detected by SPME and 21 kinds of refractory components were detected by solvent extraction in fresh cannabis plants. We found that terpenes were detected more strongly in cannabis buds than in cannabis leaves. Furthermore, sesquiterpenes were strongly detected from cannabis leaves and monoterpenes were strongly detected from cannabis buds. The most abundant components were β-myrcene, cis-β-ocimene, terpinolene, β-caryophyllene, trans-α-bergamotene, humulene and β-farnesene. Additionally, THC, cannabichromene, cannabigerol and tetrahydrocannabivarin known as cannabinoids, were detected in all the samples. For the identification of cannabis products, 7 kinds of terpenes and 4 kinds of cannabinoids are promising combinations. Additionally, these terpenes may be useful in the criminal investigation of cannabis cultivation.

著者

金森 達之 岩田 祐子 瀬川 尋貴 山室 匡史 桑山 健次 辻川 健治 井上 博之

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.123-133, 2019 (Released:2019-07-31)

参考文献数

13

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The isomers of fluoro-butyrylfentanyl, fluoro-isobutyrylfentanyl, and fluoro-methoxyacetylfentanyl, in which the position of fluorine on the N-phenyl ring varies, were synthesized, characterized, and differentiated by infrared (IR) spectroscopy, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The isomers could be clearly differentiated by their IR spectra. In the LC/MS chromatograms, the separation of the fluoro-butyrylfentanyl and fluoro-isobutyrylfentanyl isomers was insufficient. However, in the GC/MS extracted ion chromatograms, all compounds were completely separated. The LC/MS and GC/MS mass spectra of the isomers were similar, demonstrating that it is difficult to distinguish the positional isomers of fluorinated fentanyl analogs by their mass spectra.

著者

Takaya Murakami Yoshiaki Iwamuro Reiko Ishimaru Satoshi Chinaka Ippei Noda Shuhei Higashibayashi Nariaki Takayama

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.133-143, 2017 (Released:2017-07-27)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

5

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We present herein a practical methodology for elucidating the o-, m-, or p-fluorine substitution pattern of indazole-type synthetic cannabinoids containing a fluorobenzyl group at the N-1 position and a carbonyl group at the C-3 position via electron ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. We synthesized, as model compounds of the synthetic cannabinoids, the o-, m-, and p-fluorine positional isomers: 1-[1-(2-, 3-, and 4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl]ethanone (o-, m-, and p-FUBINAE). Mass spectral analyses showed that the three isomers differed significantly in the logarithmic values of the abundance ratios of the product ion at m/z 109 to the precursor ion at m/z 253 (ln(A109/A253)), following the order of meta<ortho<para. In addition, the relationships between ln(A109/A253) and collision energy were linear with high correlation coefficients. Comparing the ln(A109/A253) plots of the FUBINAE isomers versus collision energy with similar plots of AB-FUBINACA and its o- and m-fluorobenzyl isomers showed that the three AB-FUBINACA isomers behaved as the FUBINAE isomers did with the same fluorine substitution pattern on the phenyl ring. Moreover, other synthetic cannabinoids with a p-fluorobenzyl group (ADB-FUBINACA, FUB-AMB, FUB-APINACA, FUB-NPB-22, and FU-PX-2) also exhibited behavior similar to p-FUBINAE. These results indicated that the fluorine substitution position on the phenyl ring can be differentiated by collating the model compounds according to the logarithmic plots of their mass spectral abundance ratios as a function of the collision energy.

著者

松田 駿太朗 掛橋 秀直 中野 史保子 志摩 典明 鎌田 徹 西岡 裕 三木 昭宏 坂本 雄紀 宮川 治彦 草野 麻衣子 財津 桂 土橋 均 片木 宗弘

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.109-121, 2017 (Released:2017-07-27)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

3

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In this study, we describe a rapid gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analytical method that allows comprehensive detection and structural elucidation of synthetic cathinone-type designer drugs. Our proposed method consists of three simultaneous analytical procedures: 1) selective detection of the carbonyl group characteristic to each cathinone examined via selected reaction monitoring (SRM); and the determination of both 2) iminium cations and 3) substituted benzoyl cations generated via the α-cleavage of their corresponding amines and ketone moieties via product ion scanning, respectively.  One peak was detected in the SRM chromatogram for all cathinones examined in procedure 1), as well as the relevant single peaks in the total ion current chromatograms that resulted from procedures 2) and 3) at the same retention time. SRM of procedure 1) showed the transition of substituted benzoyl cations to substituted phenyl cations due to CO elimination, revealing the presence of carbonyl groups within the structures. Each product ion spectrum of the substituted benzoyl cation allowed for both determination of which group was substituted on the aromatic ring and differentiation between corresponding positional isomers for ethyl, methoxy and methylenedioxy substitution. However, identification of the substitution positions for the methyl, bromine and fluorine groups on the aromatic ring was difficult. On the other hand, differences between structural isomers in the product ion spectra of iminium cations were clearly identifiable, allowing for easy discrimination between isomers.

著者

春田 祐輔 森田 敦 大槻 光彦 中園 陽子 中山 秀幸 八ヶ代 一郎 内川 貴志

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.123-132, 2017 (Released:2017-07-27)

参考文献数

12

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Several synthetic cannabinoids such as AM-2201 contain the 3-carbonyl-N-fluoropentylindole structure. This structure has fluorine positional isomers on the alkyl chain. In most cases, legal controls are placed only on the 5-fluoro analogue. Thus, differentiation of isomers is a significant issue in forensic science. In this study, we developed a method for the differentiation of positional isomers of 3-carbonyl-N-fluoropentylindole derivatives utilizing multiple-stage mass spectrometry using an ion trap tandem mass spectrometer. In addition, the analogues whose fluorine atom was replaced with a chlorine atom or hydroxyl group were also examined.  With respect to each positional isomer of fluorine and chlorine, the ion at m/z 232 or m/z 248, obtained by MS2 analysis of [M+H]+, were selected as the precursor ions for MS3 analysis. The ion at m/z 232 and m/z 248 corresponded to the 3-carbonyl-N-fluoropentylindole and 3-carbonyl-N-chloropentylindole structures. Furthermore, the ion at m/z 212, corresponding to the de-halogenated fragments of the 3-carbonyl-N-fluoropentylindole- and 3-carbonyl-N-chloropentylindole-structures, was selected as the precursor ion for MS4 analysis. Consequently, combination of these MSn analysis achieved differentiation of all the positional isomers.  With respect to positional isomers with the hydroxyl group, however, the fragment ion at m/z 212 was not observed from the MS3 analysis of m/z 230, which corresponds to the 3-carbonyl-N-fluoropentylindole structure. Therefore, differentiation of each positional isomer was not achieved by MSn analysis.  This method is useful for the differentiation of positional isomers of 3-carbonyl-N-fluoropentylindole and 3-carbonyl-N-chloropentylindole derivatives.

著者

掛橋 秀直 志摩 典明 鎌田 寛恵 松田 駿太朗 中野 史保子 和田 美暁 佐々木 啓子 鎌田 徹 西岡 裕 財津 桂 土橋 均 三木 昭宏 片木 宗弘

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.77-90, 2017 (Released:2017-07-27)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

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Three analogues of 1-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one (α-PVP), 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(pyrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one (4F-α-PVP), 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one (4MeO-α-PVP) and 2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)pentan-1-one (α-PVT), and their metabolites were determined in users' urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using newly synthesized authentic standards. The identified metabolites indicated that metabolic pathways of three α-PVP analogues include the reduction of the carbonyl group to the corresponding alcohols and the oxidation of the pyrrolidine ring to the corresponding pyrrolidone, and 4MeO-α-PVP and α-PVT have additional metabolic pathways of the O-demethylation and the oxidation of thienyl group respectively. The quantitative analyses of the urinary metabolites suggested that the main metabolic pathways of these α-pyrrolidinophenones (PPs) derivatives could vary largely depending on the aromatic rings or substituent groups on the aromatic ring of PPs.

著者

掛橋 秀直 鎌田 寛恵 石川 亜香里 浅井 龍太郎 新田 篤志 和田 美暁 中野 史保子 松田 駿太朗 佐々木 啓子 志摩 典明 鎌田 徹 西岡 裕 三木 昭宏 片木 宗弘

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.73-78, 2019 (Released:2019-01-31)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

2

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N-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-methamphetamine (t-BOCMA), a tert-butoxycarbonyl (t-BOC) derivative of methamphetamine (MA), which has recently been reported in several countries, was seized for the first time in Japan in 2017. It deprotected easily in an acidic condition to result in an illicit MA, and recently became a newly designated drug of the Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Act. For drug enforcement, the information of its properties was, therefore, strongly demanded. In this study, we synthesized the t-BOCMA standard, acquired various analytical data, and demonstrated its conversion to MA in high yield in the relatively moderate acidic condition (5% HCl methanol solution, 50℃). Also, the stability of t-BOCMA in simulated gastric juice (0.08 M HCl, 37℃) was explored by using GC/MS. As the result, 19% of t-BOCMA remained even after 120 min incubation, and the T1/2 was calculated to be 50 min. These suggest that the orally ingested t-BOCMA would be absorbed into blood in some degree without conversion to MA.

著者

松田 駿太朗 片木 宗弘 西岡 裕 鎌田 寛恵 佐々木 啓子 志摩 典明 鎌田 徹 三木 昭宏 辰野 道昭 財津 桂 坪井 健人 土橋 均 鈴木 廣一

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.77-89, 2014 (Released:2014-07-30)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

12 18

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Cathinone-type designer drugs are a newly-encountered drug family that has a β-ketophenethylamine skeleton. Recently, the abuse of these drugs has been increasingly common among young adults, and this has caused a serious social problem in many countries. Many of those drugs have become regulated by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act, and some of them were later banned by the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act in Japan, depending on their structures. In this paper, a total of 98 standards of cathinone-type designer drugs were synthesized, and their EI-mass spectra were acquired by GC/MS, with and without trifluoroacetylation. For their free bases, a major fragment ion formed from the α-cleavage of the amine nitrogen was commonly observed. Also, a small fragment ion generated by the α-cleavage of the carbonyl group, followed by the elimination of CO was detectable. For the analogs having an N-alkyl chain longer than methyl group and/or the alkyl side-chain longer than methyl group, a characteristic ion formed from the α-cleavage of the amine nitrogen, followed by the elimination of the olefin moiety was observed. For the trifluoroacetyl derivatives, the intensity of fragment ion formed from the α-cleavage of carbonyl group significantly increased, while that of the fragment ion generated from the α-cleavage of nitrogen decreased, when compared with those of free bases. Also, the ion at m/z 110 was specifically observed for the cathinone analogs having a methylamino group. Those typical fragmentation patterns revealed by analyzing a series of analogs provide useful information for the characterization of cathinone-type designer drugs.

著者

金森 達之 桑山 健次 辻川 健治 宮口 一 岩田 祐子 井上 博之

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.91-101, 2014 (Released:2014-07-30)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 1

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The in vivo metabolism of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-2) and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-isopropylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-4), new psychoactive drugs, were studied using rats. 2C-T-2 hydrochloride and 2C-T-4 hydrochloride were administered separately to male Sprague-Dawley rats via the oral route (10 mg/kg), and the urinary extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Fourteen and ten metabolites for 2C-T-2 and 2C-T-4 were detected in the urinary extracts, respectively. Our results suggested that sulfoxidation, sulfone formation, S-dealkylation followed by S-methylation, N-acetylation and deamination followed by oxidation were the major metabolic pathways of 2C-T-2 and 2C-T-4 in rat.

著者

金森 達之 岩田 祐子 辻川 健治 桑山 健次 山室 匡史 瀬川 尋貴 井上 博之

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.139-147, 2016 (Released:2016-07-23)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1 3

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Simultaneous analytical methods for 18 compounds of fentanyl and its analogues by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) were developed. In TLC, fentanyl analogues were well separated by using toluene-acetone-28% aq. ammonia (20:10:0.3, by vol.) as a developing solvent. In GC/MS, fentanyl analogues, except for fentanyl and acetyl-α-methylfentanyl, could be separated on the extracted ion chromatograms (EIC) of the characteristic fragment ions of each compound. In LC/MS, fentanyl analogues could be separated on the EICs of the protonated molecule of each compound. All of the fentanyl analogues tested were identified correctly by using the combination of TLC, GC/MS and LC/MS.

著者

阿久津 守 杉江 謙一 斉藤 貢一

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.75-85, 2016 (Released:2016-01-23)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2 4

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In order to prove synthetic cannabinoid abuse, it is necessary to detect intact synthetic cannabinoids or their metabolites from such biological samples as urine or blood. Generally, blood is used as the biological sample because it is usually difficult to detect intact synthetic cannabinoids in urine. Furthermore, a rapid and accurate method for the detection of synthetic cannabinoids in the biological sample is required. Therefore, we examined the applicability of solid-phase dispersive extraction (SPDE)-GC/MS in the rapid detection of intact synthetic cannabinoids in blood. We chose seven synthetic cannabinoids designated as narcotics. To determine the optimum operating conditions for SPDE, we selected Oasis® HLB as the solid-phase material for pre-treatment and filled it with 10 mg into the equipment, and acetone as the eluent. The pre-treatment resulted in 80-100% recovery. Furthermore, the pre-treatment time was significantly reduced in SPDE compared to solid-phase extraction (SPE). In addition, the pre-treatment protected operators from unnecessary exposure, reduced cross-contamination of chemicals, and decreased operation complexity. The limit of detection (S/N>3) of JWH-018, JWH-122, cannabicyclohexanol (CCH), XLR-11, and AM2201 was 2.5 ng/mL, and that of JWH-073 and MAM-2201 was 5 ng/mL. The limit of quantification (S/N>10) of JWH-018, JWH-122, CCH, XLR-11, and AM2201 was 5 ng/mL, and that of JWH-073 and MAM-2201 was 10 ng/mL. The average recoveries of the seven synthetic cannabinoids from pooled serum samples spiked at 25 and 450 ng/mL were 76.9-107.4% (SD: 6.4-10.7%) and 63.1-89.6% (SD: 3.9-8.2%), respectively. (SPDE)-GC/MS was proven to be a useful method for detecting intact synthetic cannabinoids in blood.

著者

根岸 祥子 中園 裕紀子 神田 康司 辻川 健治 桑山 健次 金森 達之 岩田 祐子 宮本 和奈 糟谷 史代 井上 博之

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.111-119, 2014 (Released:2014-07-30)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

6 5

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Methylamphetamines (methylamphetamine (Me-AP) and methylmethamphetamine (Me-MA)) have three ringpositional isomers. Among them, 4-Me-AP has been controlled as a designated substance (Shitei-Yakubutsu) in Japan since November 2012. Furthermore, Me-APs are a structural isomer of methamphetamine (MA), controlled as a stimulant. Because of the increasing number of structural isomer of designer drugs encountered in forensic science laboratories, analytical differentiation of structural isomers is a significant issue. In this study, a method for differentiation of methylamphetamines using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was developed. DB-1ms and DB-5ms columns could not separate free bases and trifluoroacetyl (TFA) derivatives of methylamphetamines while the columns incompletely separated their trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives. On the other hand, the mid-polar DB-17ms column separated free bases, TFA and TMS derivatives of 6 methylamphetamines though peak shapes of the free bases were tailing. The best separation was obtained from the analysis of the TMS derivatives on DB-17ms column. The mass spectra showed a little difference between the 2-, 3-Me-AP and 4-Me-AP after TFA derivatization. Also the structural isomers of Me-AP and MA could be differentiated by their EI mass spectra. The results indicated that differentiation of regioisomeric methylamphetamines could be accomplished well by GC/MS of their TMS derivatives on the mid-polar capillary column.

著者

財津 桂 片木 宗弘 中西 啓子 鎌田 徹 志摩 典明 鎌田 寛恵 石丸(飯尾) 麗子 岩室 嘉晃 地中 啓 高山 成明 三木 昭宏 土橋 均

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.25-37, 2010 (Released:2010-02-27)

参考文献数

17

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Comprehensive analytical procedures for the unequivocal determination of a newly encountered drug “N-hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (N-OH-MDMA)”, which is expected to be chemically unstable and thermally decomposed to MDMA during the analyses, have been investigated by using various qualitative analyses including color tests, thin layer chromatography (TLC), infrared spectroscopy (IR), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry (CE/MS). Stability of N-OH-MDMA in aqueous solutions with several pH values and its recovery throughout the liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate (EA) were also examined. Both the color tests and TLC suggested that Simon's reagent and Rf values were helpful for discrimination of N-OH-MDMA and MDMA. The IR spectra of both N-OH-MDMA hydrochloride and MDMA hydrochloride showed a sufficient difference, and the IR spectrum of N-OH-MDMA oxalate, could be identified by some of its specific peaks. GC/MS has demonstrated that both free base and its trifluoroacetyl derivative were easily decomposed to MDMA and other related products in the GC injection port, though trimethylsilyl derivatization prevented its pyrolytic disproportionation to MDMA. On the other hand, LC/MS, LC/MS/MS and CE/MS procedures were found to be reliable techniques for determination of N-OH-MDMA without its thermal and chemical decomposition. Based on the stability studies, N-OH-MDMA proved stable in acid solution, while it was expected to be transformed to isoquinoline-type compounds in neutral solution and readily decomposed to its relevant oxime in alkaline solution. Since no difference of the extraction efficiencies with EA was observed under the neutral and alkaline conditions, the extraction should be done under neutral condition to minimize its decomposition.

著者

Brian Waters Kenji Hara Natsuki Ikematsu Mio Takayama Aya Matsusue Masayuki Kashiwagi Shin-ichi Kubo

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.125-131, 2018 (Released:2018-07-30)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1

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The aim of this study was to develop a practical method to analyze tetrodotoxin (TTX), quantitatively, from postmortem specimens, not only blood and urine, but also organs. Extraction was achieved with 2% acetic acid and the use of an anion-exchange solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. The quantitation method was a standard addition method with a calibration curve consisting of at least 3 points and an internal standard, voglibose (VOG). Separation by LC-MS/MS was achieved using a Luna HILIC (Phenomenex) column. The mobile phase was acetonitrile: 5 mM ammonium formate buffer (95:5), delivered at 0.2 mL/min. The selected reaction monitoring (SRM) transitions for TTX and VOG were m/z 320>302 and m/z 268>92, respectively. Cleaner extracts were achieved by using a lipid removal cartridge and washing with heptane. The addition of steps to remove interfering components that are prominent in postmortem samples aided in successful analysis. The HILIC column improved the retention of TTX to greater than 2 min to avoid the area where ion suppression has its greatest effect. Also, the use of anion-exchange SPE lessened the influence of acetic acid used during extraction. By using this method, we were able to quantitate low levels of TTX in postmortem specimens.

著者

戸根 康隆 相澤 優秀 西川 悟 耒代 誠仁

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.145-151, 2017

被引用文献数

1

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&emsp;In criminal investigations, writer-identification to discriminate writers of documents used in crimes has important roles. In the identification processes, writer-unknown documents are compared with writer-known documents. Experts of the process give careful considerations for the comparisons by referring to handwriting-samples, experimental-data, and other vast knowledge collected from past investigations. Characteristics of handwritten strokes written on the documents are highly useful for the experts. Therefore, accurate and efficient managements of the characteristics are important. However, in the daily investigations, the characteristics have been recorded in a huge amount of paper media without indexes, and the amount is growing. In this paper, we propose two prototypes of database system to store and retrieve the characteristics. The database system consists of (1) common digital formats to indicate the characteristics, (2) aggregation functions of the digital indicators for the retrieval, and (3) user interface for the experts. The first prototype is implemented with VBA of Microsoft Excel. We present our experimental results by using 228 testing data sets. The second practical prototype is implemented with XML and Java. We expect that our database system will improve the efficiency and the accuracy of the writer-identification processes, and accelerate information sharing among the experts beyond time and space.<br>

著者

伊藤 さよ 佐藤 高広 山下 珠希 鈴木 康弘

出版者

Japanese Association of Forensic Science and Technology

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.133-137, 2014

被引用文献数

1

---

Glass fragments are valuable evidence in the criminal investigation of hit-and-run, murder and burglary cases. Screening of glass fragments should be carried out by refractive index (RI) measurement after the identification of unknown fragments of glass by analysis using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDS) and/or X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). However, it has been pointed out that RI values of glass fragments can be influenced by electron beam and/or X-ray of the instrumental analysis, although the effect of them on RI values of glass has not been sufficiently examined.<br>   In this work, we compared the RI values of glass fragments before and after irradiation by electron beam and/or X-ray using these devices. Glass fragments were collected from 3 different uses (windowpane of building, windshield and beer bottle). No significant difference was recognized in the RI values of these glass fragments before and after 30 minutes of irradiation.<br>   We have ascertained that the effect of electron beam and/or X-ray on the RI values is negligible in the conditions of the present study and that comparison of RI values is still useful for the forensic screening of glass fragments even after the instrumental analysis described above.<br>

著者

平川 俊介 案部 雄一郎 山下 珠希 内野 隆一郎 丸田 英基 才本 明秀 石松 隆和

出版者

Japanese Association of Forensic Science and Technology

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

2015

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Handgun bullets fired toward the windshield of an automobile sometimes ricochets. In such a case, we must estimate the type of bullet and direction of shooting from the damaged windshield. The purpose of this study is to obtain a method to estimate the fired direction of a handgun bullet from the fractured windshield. We test fired bullets to an automobile windshield with various incidence angles. The thickness of the windshield is slightly different from model to model of the automobiles. In the beginning, we examined the strength of the automobile windshield of various car models. First, we examined the static failure strength of the windshield by an indentation test. In this test, fracture load and the amount of indentation were measured on windshield samples cut from ten models of Japanese automobiles. Next, we test fired a handgun in order to examine the relation between the trajectory of a bullet and the collision marks on the windshield. The cartridges used in these test firings were 38SPL. lead round nose (LRN) bullet and full metal cased (FMC) bullet. In the results of static indentation test for different car models, there was found to be almost no differences in the relationship between fracture load and indentation depth. With the LRN bullet, bullets perforated the windshield when the incidence angle was less than 45 degrees and ricocheted when the incidence angle was greater than 60 degrees. In these cases, a characteristic damage was left on the windshield. On the other hand, FMC bullets of 38SPL. perforated the windshield when the incidence angle was less than 60 degrees and ricocheted when the incidence angle was greater than 70 degrees. Based on these results, we proposed a method to estimate the direction of shooting in criminal cases in which a bullet was fired on an automobile windshield.<br>

著者

乗峯 絵理 宮田 勝文 石澤 不二雄 鷹巣 正則 本田 克也

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.65-70, 2013 (Released:2013-02-20)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

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The authors have reported 4 successfully-detected cases of helium in postmortem blood by headspace-gas chromatography (HS-GC). Postmortem blood was collected into a depressurized 4-ml glass vial to prevent volatilization loss of helium. MICROPACKED-ST column (2.0 m×1.0 mm i.d., 80/100 mesh) was used as a separation column, and thermal conductivity detector was selected as a gas chromatographic detector. Argon was used as a carrier gas, and the flow rate was set at 8.3 ml/min. After 0.5 ml air was released into the vial, 0.5 ml headspace gas was manually injected to the instrument. In this analytical condition, helium was well-separated from other gases in the atmosphere. This HS-GC method was applied to real blood samples of 4 suspected cases of helium inhalation, resulting in successful detection of helium in blood in all cases.   In the case of a suicide by helium inhalation, it is generally difficult to determine the cause of death from an autopsy finding. This case report provides a practical method to obtain direct proof of helium inhalation.

著者

桐原 美穂 川端 三十一

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.59-64, 2010-01

著者

山本 敦 赤尾 佳則 東川 佳靖

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.113-123, 2015 (Released:2015-07-17)

参考文献数

23

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When printed materials are used to commit crimes, such as threatening letters, font identification is used to estimate the equipment that was used in their production. To identify the font of printed materials, comparison testing with a print reference sample is required. As retrieving the target print sample from a huge volume of samples requires significant time and effort, a method for automatically searching the font is required. In this paper, we propose a similarity measure using SIFT features, which are invariant local features to the zoom and rotation of the character, and a method of retrieving fonts using the similarity measure. Retrieval experiments were performed using 102 font types with 2,230 types of characters for each. The proposed method is effective for retrieving fonts, even when the character size of the query image and the database is different. Furthermore, we propose a method of retrieving fonts at high speed through dimension reduction using principal component analysis. We show that through the proposed speeding up method, the retrieval time can be reduced to one-quarter of the previous speed without lowering retrieval performance.