著者

等々力 奈都 前野 なつ美 杉野 信太郎 國島 茉由 安田 優子 前田 里沙 佐名 龍太 森 泰斗 常岡 充子 小川 時洋

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.161-176, 2022 (Released:2022-07-31)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

2

---

The concealed information test (CIT) is an information detection technique measuring differential responses of the autonomic nervous system caused by the knowledge of crime-related information. The purpose of this study is to compare physiological responses caused by crime-related knowledge with those caused by a questioning voice with a deviant pitch in the CIT and to research whether there is any difference between these responses. Participants were assigned to one of three groups: a “knowledgeable” group, an “unknowledgeable” group, and a “deviant-sound” group in which the unknowledgeable participants received a deviant-sound question of a crime relevant item. Each participant chose one of the two envelopes that manipulate to assign the participant to the predetermined group. The envelopes for the knowledgeable group contained instructions with the role of the thief and the item related to the theft, and the envelopes for the unknowledgeable group and a deviant-sound group contained instructions with the role of the innocent. Participants are asked to hide their roles and undergo the CIT. The knowledgeable group and deviant-sound group showed increased electrodermal activity, low heart rate (HR) and low normalized pulse volume (NPV) for relevant items. In the deviant-sound group, there was no suppression of respiration, and low HR appeared earlier compared to the knowledgeable group. The differential responses on thoracic respiratory speed and HR were consistently observed across question repetitions in the knowledgeable group, while the differential responses on skin conductance response, HR and NPV decreased along with question repetitions in the deviant-sound group. The different patterns of differential physiological responses found in the knowledgeable group and the deviant sound group suggested the possibility of distinguishing these two groups. In particular, the suppression of respiration caused by the crime-relevant item may be characteristic of knowledgeable persons. The practical implications are discussed.

著者

平川 俊介 案部 雄一郎 山下 珠希 内野 隆一郎 丸田 英基 才本 明秀 石松 隆和

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.687, (Released:2015-05-08)

参考文献数

15

---

Handgun bullets fired toward the windshield of an automobile sometimes ricochets. In such a case, we must estimate the type of bullet and direction of shooting from the damaged windshield. The purpose of this study is to obtain a method to estimate the fired direction of a handgun bullet from the fractured windshield. We test fired bullets to an automobile windshield with various incidence angles. The thickness of the windshield is slightly different from model to model of the automobiles. In the beginning, we examined the strength of the automobile windshield of various car models. First, we examined the static failure strength of the windshield by an indentation test. In this test, fracture load and the amount of indentation were measured on windshield samples cut from ten models of Japanese automobiles. Next, we test fired a handgun in order to examine the relation between the trajectory of a bullet and the collision marks on the windshield. The cartridges used in these test firings were 38SPL. lead round nose (LRN) bullet and full metal cased (FMC) bullet. In the results of static indentation test for different car models, there was found to be almost no differences in the relationship between fracture load and indentation depth. With the LRN bullet, bullets perforated the windshield when the incidence angle was less than 45 degrees and ricocheted when the incidence angle was greater than 60 degrees. In these cases, a characteristic damage was left on the windshield. On the other hand, FMC bullets of 38SPL. perforated the windshield when the incidence angle was less than 60 degrees and ricocheted when the incidence angle was greater than 70 degrees. Based on these results, we proposed a method to estimate the direction of shooting in criminal cases in which a bullet was fired on an automobile windshield.

著者

柴﨑 一成 中村 勝

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.810, (Released:2022-02-09)

参考文献数

5

---

The multiple shots from the close range to a vehicle had occurred, and seven entrance holes was observed on the side window of the vehicle. After the analysis of the residues collected around the holes, the part of the residues had included the specific elements: lead, barium, and antimony. Based on the analysis results, the residues were concluded as GSR. However, the collected samples had included few numbers of the particle consisted of the specific three components comparing to the one or two components. So, we arranged the firing experiment to clarify the reason why the less amount of three components particles was detected. The experimental results showed that the total amount of lead-containing particles had increased and the ratio of three components particles had decreased, with the shooting distance getting close. In this paper, we suggested the two points below for the identification of GSR collected from the target subjected to a close-range shot.(1) Analyze as many particles as possible using the automatic analysis function so as not to miss the three components particles.(2) Focus on not only the three components particles but also particles containing the one or two specific elements to improve the reliability of the positive results.

著者

Shinobu Hazama Satoshi Ichikawa Fumihiro Yonebayashi

出版者

Japanese Association of Forensic Science and Technology

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.67-72, 2008 (Released:2008-04-19)

参考文献数

13

---

Enantioselective analysis of methamphetamine (MA) and amphetamine (AP) is necessary in forensic drug analysis. In general, standard materials are required for performing forensic investigation and also for developing new analytical methods. However, l-MA is not commercially available in Japan and only a few reports are available on the enantioselective synthesis of l-MA. We developed a new and convenient method for the synthesis of l-MA using d-norephedrine (d-NE) as a starting material. d-NE was treated with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole to produce the corresponding cyclic carbonate, and the product was treated with sodium hydride and iodomethane to form mono-N-methylated amine derivative, which was treated with palladium on activated carbon in hydrogen atmosphere for catalytic reduction. After the addition of aqueous hydrogen chloride (HCl), l-MA was obtained as its HCl salt (total yield 58%).

著者

大森 毅 組橋 充 遠堂 郁 中澤 寛子 竹川 健一 内川 貴志 瀬戸 康雄

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.91-101, 2018

被引用文献数

1

---

&emsp;We performed comparative investigation in visible-spectrophotometric methods for determining carboxyhemoglobin (CO-Hb) in blood samples. About 58% carboxyhemoglobin-saturation (%CO-Hb) of blood samples (sample H) was prepared from control blood by carbon monoxide bubbling and this sample was diluted to be 4/11 and 3/25 with control human blood to prepare moderate and weak CO-Hb saturated samples (sample M and L, respectively). We measured %CO-Hb of four samples, samples H, M, L and control human blood (relative %CO-Hb were 1.00, 0.36, 0.12 and 0, respectively), by four different methods in five different forensic science laboratories. By summing up the measurement results, the method (1), which is described in &ldquo;Standard method of chemical analysis in poisoning (edited by the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan)&rdquo;, gave %CO-Hb values that reflected the relative %CO-Hb of the four samples. The method (2), which is an isosbestic point method (developed by Department of Forensic Medicine, Kagawa University) gave higher values compared to the expected ones. The method (3), which is performed with a strong alkaline condition, gave higher values for low %CO-Hb samples by Katsumata's formula (method (3)-1). But the values calculated using the formula improved by Forensic Science Laboratory, Hokkaido Prefectural Police H.Q. (method (3)-2), gave the values reflecting the relative %CO-Hb. The method (4), which is also performed with a strong alkaline method, gave values which reflected the relative %CO-Hb when the Fukui's formula was used for calculation. But the formula modified by Aoki (method (4)-2) gave higher values for the blood samples of low %CO-Hb. In comparison of the three methods that gave the values reflecting the relative %CO-Hb, the method (1) and (3)-2 gave similar values but the measured values obtained by method (4)-1 was lower than the values obtained by method (1) and (3)-2. On the other hand, the method (3)-2 and method (1) showed the large dispersion in the measured values among the laboratories, but the dispersion by the method (4)-1 was small.<br>

著者

真鍋 翔 玉木 敬二

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.r021, (Released:2019-12-28)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

2 2

---

In forensic science, the interpretation of DNA mixture profiles and small amounts or degraded DNA profiles is challenging due to difficulties in evaluating the contribution of the person of interest (e.g., victim and suspect). In recent years, some probabilistic genotyping software programs based on a continuous model were developed to promote the interpretation of complex DNA profiles. The model uses quantitative information of peak heights in the DNA profile and considers the effect of stutters and allelic drop-out. Therefore, the model is effective for interpreting complex DNA profiles, and some software based on the model that has been applied to actual caseworks. This review provides the concept of probabilistic genotyping based on a continuous model. We explain calculation principles of likelihood ratios, weight values, and expected peak heights in the continuous model. We also discuss the current issues of software validation, management of artifact peaks, and the estimation of the number of contributors.

著者

肥田 宗政 佐藤 弘康 奥山 修司

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.83-89, 2012

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;The scanned digital image was converted to three histograms of 256-bit depth for each color (red, green, blue) based on RGB color model, using image-processing software. Summation of three histograms at every depth was calculated. An inherent spectrum for each tape was featured. Thirty-one similar colored adhesive cloth tapes from 10 different manufacturers were examined. Cluster analysis was performed using 310 spectra obtained from 31 samples. Cluster analysis indicated that 31 samples were divided into 5 groups. Multiple correlation coefficient (R) was used to discriminate the adhesive cloth tapes. R was examined whether it would be possible to be considered a criterion of judgment of the difference discernment between samples to be shown as a numerical value. As a result, in order to judge it as the same adhesive cloth tape, it became clear that R was 0.994 or more.<br>

著者

江川 司 矢山 和宏 小谷 泰一 石井 益子 阿比留 仁 玉木 敬二

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.113-124, 2018

---

&emsp;Forensic biologists are increasingly likely to identify an individual using three-dimensional imaging equipment. Existing equipment requires taking the subjects to the place where the equipment is located. In recent years, a non-contact, hand-held three-dimensional color scanner has been developed that is compact and lightweight. Therefore, we already use it for facial recognition and cranio-facial superimposition. The three-dimensional scanner reconstructed skull images precisely, and the anthropological measurements obtained from the images were comparable to those obtained from actual skulls (the differences in measurements were less than 1mm). Furthermore, the skull images produced by the scanner corresponded with high accuracy to the three-dimensional images reconstructed using computed tomography (concordance rates were approximately 95%) and to the two-dimensional facial photographs of the same person (the differences were less than the standard value 2.5mm for the reciprocal point-to-point matching). In addition to the skull images, the three-dimensional scanner precisely reconstructed facial images of living people. The three-dimensional facial images approximately corresponded to the two-dimensional facial photographs of the same people taken from both the vertical direction and from a bird's-eye view (the difference were less than the standard values, 0.9mm for the outline matching and 2.5mm for the reciprocal point-to-point matching). In conclusion, the current study confirmed that the non-contact, hand-held three-dimensional color scanner can provide forensic biologists with precise three-dimensional images of both skulls and living people's faces and that the images are of sufficiently good quality to be put to practical use as the quality of conventional stationary type.<br>

著者

内田 亮輔 平田 達也 鈴木 克則 福島 宏司 西館 啓介 久保寺 俊和 巽 瑛理 石井 将人 安孫子 德章

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.125-138, 2016 (Released:2016-07-23)

参考文献数

5

---

Strange shaped fired bullets were found in a suicide case. While one fired casing was found in the cylinder of a Paltik revolver, one column-shaped fired bullet was found in the head of a dead man and one longer gourd-shaped fired bullet was found in the barrel of the Paltik revolver.  As a result of the gunfire test with revolvers and round-nose-cartridges, firing the revolver with a lodged (first) bullet and propellant powder in the barrel, the first bullet became column-shaped and the next bullet became a longer gourd-shaped. We had carried out X-raying the bullet's collision in the barrel, and we found out that the bullets had deformed in the barrel within a very short time. In the gunfire test, the amount of propellant powder in the barrel was larger than that in the next cartridge, so by regulating the amount of propellant powder, the velocity of the next bullet was reduced.

著者

山室 匡史 宮本 重彦 立入 直紀 石井 歩 松田 駿太朗 岩田 祐子 瀬川 尋貴 桑山 健次 辻川 健治 金森 達之 井上 博之

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.786, (Released:2020-09-14)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1

---

The forensic identification of cannabis is performed by a combination of chemical analysis and morphological examination. Recently, molecular biological analysis using cannabis DNA information has been noticed as a new approach. In this study, the cannabis DNA detection kit using a DNA chromatography chip was developed, and the demonstration evaluation in the forensic chemical laboratory was carried out. The DNA detection kit of a “four-line version” which had the function to distinguish fiber-type from drug-type cannabis showed as high accuracy (98.3%) as the current identification method on cannabis identification. However, there was a tendency to mistake a part of the drug-type samples as “fiber-type cannabis”. In the kit of a “three-line version” which was specialized for the cannabis DNA detection, the accuracy of 99.0% was confirmed on the cannabis identification. There were no false positives throughout all evaluations. In addition, some of the combustion residues that could not be identified as cannabis by the current identification method were classified to be “cannabis positive” by the DNA detection kit, indicating the effectiveness of a new approach. As a result of this study, it was shown that the quick and accurate cannabis DNA analysis could be carried out by the DNA detection kit even by analytical chemists who didn't have expertise in molecular biology.

著者

西岡 裕 西川 眞弓 土橋 均

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.1, pp.53-75, 2006

被引用文献数

1

---

A fully automated identification system for 35 benzodiazepines and their 29 metabolites was developed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with a DB-5MS fused silica capillary column after trimethylsilyl (TMS) and trifluoroacetyl (TFA) derivatization, followed by registering both their retention times and mass spectra as the standard library data.<br>All the analytes except for rilmazafone and haloxazolam were detectable with and/or without TMS derivatization. TFA derivatization was found to be more effective in the more sensitive analysis of oxazolo-benzodiazepines except for flutazolam. Also, correction of their retention times by alkanes enabled to accurately identify on the different GC-MS systems with different lots of columns.<br>The present system allowed us to identify benzodiazepines and their metabolites in urine and blood more readily in a much shorter time, and it will be a powerful system for the analysis of benzodiazepines in the forensic chemistry and toxicology fields.

著者

戸根 康隆 相澤 優秀 西川 悟 耒代 誠仁

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.145-151, 2017 (Released:2017-07-27)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

---

In criminal investigations, writer-identification to discriminate writers of documents used in crimes has important roles. In the identification processes, writer-unknown documents are compared with writer-known documents. Experts of the process give careful considerations for the comparisons by referring to handwriting-samples, experimental-data, and other vast knowledge collected from past investigations. Characteristics of handwritten strokes written on the documents are highly useful for the experts. Therefore, accurate and efficient managements of the characteristics are important. However, in the daily investigations, the characteristics have been recorded in a huge amount of paper media without indexes, and the amount is growing. In this paper, we propose two prototypes of database system to store and retrieve the characteristics. The database system consists of (1) common digital formats to indicate the characteristics, (2) aggregation functions of the digital indicators for the retrieval, and (3) user interface for the experts. The first prototype is implemented with VBA of Microsoft Excel. We present our experimental results by using 228 testing data sets. The second practical prototype is implemented with XML and Java. We expect that our database system will improve the efficiency and the accuracy of the writer-identification processes, and accelerate information sharing among the experts beyond time and space.

著者

廣重 優二 山本 敏充 吉本 高士 石井 晃

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.97-111, 2013 (Released:2013-07-30)

参考文献数

26

---

In general, the attachment of human hair sheath is considered as one of the most important factors in detecting STR genotypes from single hair samples. Thus, it is difficult to genotype STRs from naturally shed human hair samples using AmpFℓSTR Identifiler PCR Amplification Kit. In this study, we examined the conditions involved in determining STR genotypes from a single hair root of naturally shed human hair focusing on two kinds of commercially available DNA extraction kits; a QIAamp DNA Micro kit (Micro kit) and an ISOHAIR kit (ISOHAIR kit), and the relationship between the concentration of extracted DNA and the numbers of STR loci genotyped.   As a result, based on the protocol of DNA quantification adopted in the police labs in Japan, the DNA amounts were sufficient to quantify in approximately 28% or 36% of 72 naturally shed human hair samples using a Micro or an ISOHAIR kit, respectively. There was no significant difference in genotyping STRs between the two extraction methods. If a quantitative value was estimated based on a Ct (cycle threshold)-value, the extracted DNA was duplicated to amplify by 28 PCR cycles. Alternatively, if a quantitative value showed “ND (not detected)”, the extracted DNA was performed by duplicate PCR amplification for 32 cycles.   Consequently, in the case of a 28 cycle-amplification, when a quantitative value was more than 0.04 ng/μl, the genotyping result was obtained accurately at almost all loci by both extraction methods. On the other hand, in the case of a 32 cycle-amplification, there was a tendency that more accurate genotypes are obtained by a smaller size of an amplicon except a few loci. It indicated that the accurate genotyping rate should not depend only on the size of PCR products.   Therefore, when a DNA sample shows “ND” as an estimated value, more careful interpretation should be necessary to genotype by increasing PCR cycles to 32, or more strict making decision not to proceed to any PCR amplification should be performed.

著者

西脇 芳典 石井 健太郎 竹川 知宏 蒲生 啓司

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.67-73, 2016 (Released:2016-01-23)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1 4

---

This study has revealed the advantages of synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence analysis (SR-XRF) utilizing 12 keV X-rays concentrated with polycapillary x-ray optics for nondestructive discrimination of polyester white single fibers. Twenty kinds of polyester white single fibers collected from 11 automobile trunk mats and 9 clothes were used as analysis samples. Titanium derived from TiO2 delustering agents, Ca derived from CaCO3 fillers, Sb and Ge derived from polymerization catalysts, elements such as Mn, Co, Ni and Cu derived from transesterification catalysts could be detected from polyester white single fibers. The elements detected can be used as important indexes to characterize the samples. In order to discriminate single fibers for clothes in which Ti and Sb were only detected, it has been suggested that comparison of x-ray intensity ratios of Sb Lα,β/Ti Kβ is effective. This technique should provide an effective approach to nondestructive discrimination of polyester white single fibers.

著者

阿久津 智子 松村 一利 田中 和佳 渡邊 賢 櫻田 宏一

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.103-110, 2014 (Released:2014-07-30)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

3 6

---

OC-Hemocatch (HC), an immunochromatographic test device for fecal occult blood, has been used for the forensic identification of human blood. However, an improved kit, OC-Hemocatch S (HC-S), is currently available and HC was discontinued. Therefore, the applicability of HC-S for the forensic identification of human blood was evaluated. In addition, false-positive reactions with disinfectants and detergents, which were observed when using HC, were tested in HC-S. Similar to HC, HC-S was highly sensitive and specific for the detection of human blood. False-negative results due to high concentrations of human hemoglobin were not observed in 100-fold diluted blood. However, distilled water was not suitable as a diluent. The effects of heating treatment of blood and bloodstains and long-term storage of bloodstains on HC-S were similar with HC. However, no false-positive results were observed when disinfectants and detergents were used for HC-S. In conclusion, HC-S is a suitable and highly efficient test kit for the forensic identification of human blood.

著者

伊澤 光 古川 明 丸山 澄 堤 博文 小室 歳信

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.89-97, 2019 (Released:2019-01-31)

参考文献数

12

---

We experienced a case of successful identification of an unknown body found at breakwater based on root canal treatment. After matching the dental findings of the body to the treatment history of individual's dental records, 23 teeth showed agreement in findings. Although 8 teeth did not agree in findings, they were consistent in terms of dental treatment history. There was inconsistency in the remaining tooth. This tooth was determined as intact, but the dental records indicated the existence of a resin composite restoration on that tooth. However, that inconsistency never became a critical determinant factor. Comparison of periapical radiographs of the body with the dental records revealed that the right mandibular first premolar teeth showed considerable similarity to the images of a broken endodontic instrument and a alveolar bone resorption caused by the leakage of root canal sealer at the middle of the root. Given the above information, we concluded that the identification as the same individual is reasonable. It was thought that a case where the findings of a dental medical accident helped to confirm the identity was unusual.

著者

財津 亘 金 明哲

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.715, (Released:2017-01-10)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

2 1

---

Author identification through text-mining aims to judge whether an author suspected of writing a certain text is same as that of control texts. This study examined the validity of scoring for author identification. In one unit of analysis, we conducted 18 analyses (six writing styles×three multivariate analyses) across one suspected text of a blogger, one control text of a blogger, and irrelevant texts of four bloggers. The writing style factors were (1) rate of usage of non-independent words, (2) bigram of parts-of-speech, (3) bigram of postpositional particles, (4) positioning of commas, (5) rate of usage of Kanji, Hiragana et al., and (6) sentence length. We completed (1) principal components analysis, (2) corresponding analysis, and (3) multi-dimensional scaling. We obtained scores from arrangements of texts on two dimensions, convex hull polygon (CHP) consisting of control texts was overlapped with that of irrelevant texts (a score of 0). Besides not overlapping each CHP of control and irrelevant texts, (a score of +2) a suspected text arranged into CHP of control texts, (a score of +1) one not arranged into CHP of control texts but near a control text, and (a score of −1) one near an irrelevant text. We totaled the scores in one unit of analysis (18 results) and analyzed the total scores of the 240 units of analysis for 10 bloggers under the following design: 2 (author combination of suspected and control texts: same, different)×4 (number of characters: 250, 500, 1000, 1500)×3 (number of control and irrelevant texts: 3, 6, 9). The results indicated the scoring method was able to identify the authors. AUCs of number of characters were statistically significant, but the number of texts was not significant. Furthermore, rate of usage of non-independent words and parts-of-speech were quite useful to identify authors.

著者

安達 美和 高橋 知行

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.45-51, 2007 (Released:2007-06-27)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

2 1

---

In the case of food adulteration or suicidal swallowing using dishwashing detergents, several extraction methods were evaluated to extract anionic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants. Six extraction procedures: diatomaceous earth (ChemElut/chloroform or ethyl acetate), ion-pair liquid-liquid extraction (with methylene blue/chloroform), mixed-mode solid-phase extraction (SPEC PLUS DAU, C18 plus cation exchanger), C18-based solid-phase extraction (Sep-Pak Plus C18) and polymer-based reverse phase extraction (Oasis HLB) were tested. Eleven surfactants: fatty acid alkanolamide (AA), alkyl ether sulfate (AES), alkylglycoside (AG), alkylamine oxide (AO), alpha-olefin sulfonate (AOS-C=C), hydroxy-alkane sulfonate (AOS-OH), alkylamide propylbetaine (APB), fatty acid (FAT), alkylhydroxysulfobetaine (HSB), alkylbenzenesulofonate (LAS), and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether (POE), were extracted from spiked water and highest recoveries (91% for AES to 101% for AO) were obtained with Oasis HLB. On the assumption of food adulteration or stomach contents analysis, soy bean paste “miso” soup, yogurt and curry were spiked with dishwashing detergents and extracted using Oasis HLB. Extraction recoveries from these spiked foods were decreased (1% for LAS and FAT from yogurt to 78% for AO from curry) compared to extraction from spiked water. Except extraction of FAT from miso soup, protein precipitation by ethanol prior to Oasis HLB extraction was effective to improve extraction recoveries (67% for AA from yogurt to 101% for AA from miso soup).

著者

安達 美和 高橋 知行

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.99-109, 2005 (Released:2007-07-03)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

4 3

---

High-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was applied to the forensic discrimination of dishwashing detergents. Each dishwashing detergent, commercialy available in Japan, consists of anionic, nonionic, amphoteric surfactants or a combination of these surfactants. These surfactants were separated on a reversed-phase C18 column with methanol/10 mM ammonium acetate gradient mobile phase and were identified according to their molecular-related ions and retention times. Sixty-three commercial products were analyzed and 1,928 of all possible 1,953 pairs (ca. 99%) were distinguished without using other analytical methods. All of the indistinguishable products (25 pairs) were variation of products from a same manufacture with different fragrance, and/or concentration, and a product of original equipment manufacturer (OEM). These results indicate that LC/MS is a reliable tool for the forensic discrimination of surfactants in dishwashing detergents.

著者

瀬戸 康雄 井浦 一光 金森 美江子

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.49-61, 2005 (Released:2007-12-10)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

5 5

---

Gas chromatographic mass-spectrometric analysis was performed for chemical warfare agents and related compounds including sarin, soman, tabun, VX, mustard gas, lewisite 1, 2-chloroacetophenone, o-chlorobenzilidenemalononitrile and capsaicin, under electron ionization and methane chemical ionization conditions using apolar and polar capillary columns. It was possible to identify the tested compounds with respects to their retention indices and mass spectra. Under the analytical conditions of split ratio (50:1), electron ionization and scan mode data aquisition, the limit of detection ranged from 0.06 to 7 μg/ml, except for the low detection sensitivity of lewisite 1.