出版者

日本LCA学会

雑誌

日本LCA学会誌 (ISSN:18802761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.50-51, 2020 (Released:2020-01-25)

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著者

山口 庸子 土屋 みさと 永山 升三

出版者

日本LCA学会

雑誌

日本LCA学会誌 (ISSN:18802761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.4, pp.221-231, 2007 (Released:2012-05-19)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

4 3

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Sales of household machines combining both washing and drying functions have increased rapidly in recent years due to an increasing number of women working, an increasing number of single-person households, and the appeal of these machines in terms of reducing the burden of housework. In this study, we examined ways to reduce environmental and economic effects by applying social LCA to the entire life cycle, including clothing-related factors, by comparing the new type of washer-dryer incorporating a heat-pump unit with traditional type of washer-dryer and separate gas dryer. The mechanical action of washer-dryers was evaluated by measuring the unraveling of MA test pieces and the rate of shrinkage of shirt collars as an indication of the effects on clothing. Electric power and water consumption were measured for each washer-dryer cycle. The unit prices for washer-dryers, detergent, and clothes were obtained via market research. The social LCA results indicated that CO2 emissions were higher for machine usage than for manufacture, for all types of washer-dryer. The results also showed that greater damage to clothing was caused during the drying process compared to washing alone, and the drying process also greatly increased overall CO2 emissions. The study also showed that heat-pump washer-dryers with short, low-temperature drying cycles were effective in reducing CO2 emissions by approximately half due to their lower energy consumption and mechanical power compared to conventional washer-dryers. The Life cycle costing (LCC) results showed that using heat-pump washer-dryers for both washing and drying reduced costs compared to conventional washer-dryer or gas dryer.

著者

津田 淑江 久保倉 寛子 辻本 進 上田 玲子 大家 千恵子

出版者

日本LCA学会

雑誌

日本LCA学会誌 (ISSN:18802761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.3, pp.157-167, 2007 (Released:2010-11-29)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

3 3

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As the first step to examine a possibility of Japanese food stability, model menu was selected for home cooking with purchased ingredients and the environmental burden was evaluated by LC-CO2 emission from cooking at home. Menu selected for the study were Toasted bread and fried egg for the breakfast, Chinese noodles in soup for lunch, and three different styles of dinner; Japanese dishes (Dinner 1), Western dishes (Dinner 2) and Chinese dishes (Dinner3). For each menu, LC-CO2 emission from ingredients was calculated and LC-CO2 emission from cooking was added, then total LC-CO2 emission for the whole meal was estimated. CO2 emission from cooking meals for one day was 1400g-CO2 (average of 3days), which was not high level, but it could affect the environmental considering the number of households. The cooking methods produced the lowest LC-CO2 were “Deep-fry” and “Stir-fry”, whereas “Boil” and “Steam” showed high level of LC-CO2. Looking at the level of LC-CO2 combined from ingredients and cooking, breakfast showed the lowest LC-CO2 among the selected menu. Japanese style dinner showed low level of LC-CO2 from ingredients but high level of LC-CO2 from cooking. As for Western style dinner, beef used for Hamburger steak produced much higher level of LC-CO2 based on an accumulated method. Therefore, the Western style dinner produced LC-CO2 approximately twice as much as Japanese style or Chinese style dinner. This study estimated LC-CO2 emission from the selected menu of home cooking. To analyze environmental burden of Japanese food life style more realistically, it is necessary to study environmental burden from meals eaten at restaurants and dishes using prepared or processed food even when home cooking, utilizing statistics of average Japanese eating behavior models.

著者

平山 世志衣 天野 雄太 大内 康弘 本藤 祐樹

出版者

日本LCA学会

雑誌

日本LCA学会誌 (ISSN:18802761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.4, pp.348-358, 2015 (Released:2015-11-17)

参考文献数

28

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We created a self-directed e-learning program for high school environmental education. The learners are expected to understand their indirect contribution to environmental problems such as global warming or energy consumption through this program. Life cycle thinking (LCT) is a key concept to link learners’ daily activities to the environmental problems. The advantage of e-learning is that it makes possible to provide schools with an opportunity of environmental education without much extra preparation required for school teachers. This feature of e-learning is especially important for LCT based education, because the concept of LCT is usually unknown by most of school teachers. The program created is composed of two parts. In the first part, learners study the LCT concept using visual materials that describe the life cycle environmental impacts of pro-environmental behaviors, such as local production for local consumption and reuse tableware. In the second part, learners calculate the life cycle energy of their own belongings using the dedicated LCA software named ‘Energy Consumption in Your Bag?!’. These learning materials can be down-loaded from the website prepared for the e-learning. Approximately 500 high-school third graders studied using this self-directed e-learning program, individually during the summer break. Their teachers’ role was to provide students with the follow-up quizzes to confirm what they had learned. The result of the self-assessment survey conducted after the e-learning showed that more than half of the learners became concerned about LCA. Moreover, there was the tendency that their concern to environmental problems was higher than that of the previous third graders in the same school. Furthermore, we analyzed the learners’ impression statements written after the e-learning, and found that the learners who began to be concerned about LCA tended to describe more about their daily lives in their impression statements than those who were not or less interested in LCA did.

著者

加藤 博和 柴原 尚希

出版者

日本LCA学会

雑誌

日本LCA学会誌 (ISSN:18802761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.2, pp.166-175, 2006 (Released:2007-08-21)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

3 1 1

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This paper proposes a LCA application for evaluating the environmental impacts in the planning phase by the provision of railway systems. The Superconducting MAGnetically LEVitated (MAGLEV) transport system is examined as a case study. Emission factors for standardized infrastructure are introduced for simplification of the inventory analysis with the data availability. The change of LC-CO2 emission by shifting from the existing inter-regional transport systems (Shinkansen, ordinary railways, airplanes and passenger cars) to the MAGLEV are forecasted by the Extended Life Cycle Environmental Load (ELCEL) concept. An eco-efficiency indicator, considering the performances, is defined and the alternative transport system are evaluated. Also, several environmental load emissions are integrated by the LIME (Life-cycle Impact assessment Method based on Endpoint modeling).

著者

中島 謙一 原田 幸明 井島 清 長坂 徹也

出版者

日本LCA学会

雑誌

日本LCA学会誌 (ISSN:18802761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.2, pp.152-158, 2006 (Released:2007-08-21)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

13 20

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TMR (Total materials requirement), which refers to the total amount of overburden and rock, were estimated as a fundamental data in this study. 10 kinds of TMR of energy resource and power generation and 62 kinds of TMR of industrial material were approximately estimated based on LCI data. Moreover, a recycle flow analysis based on TMR was proposed. From a result of a study on ELV (End-of-Life Vehicle) recycle flow, followings were shown. 1) A dismantling process which is a pretreatment process for shredding was main process for ELV recycle. Most of Metals, which have large amount of TMR, were collected in the dismantling process. 2) Copper is main component of ASR (Automobile Shredder Residue).