著者
長岡 慎介
出版者
京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科附属イスラーム地域研究センター
雑誌
イスラーム世界研究 : Kyoto Bulletin of Islamic Area Studies (ISSN:18818323)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.7, pp.243-275, 2014-03-14

The Malaysian practice of Islamic finance has greatly contributed to the rapid growth of the industry in the first decade of the twenty-first century and so the term ‘Malaysia' is widely recognized as symbolizing the development of Islamic finance. However, this term is also mentioned negatively in criticisms of the current practices. The critics, known as the "Mudaraba Consensus School", who aspire to the ideals of Islamic economics and finance, have used the term of "Malaysia" to allegedly symbolize the prevalence of "bad" practices in the industry. This study focuses on the development of the Islamic capital market in Malaysia and explains how Malaysia has responded to the criticism from the "Mudaraba Consensus School". From the analysis, it can be observed that the Malaysian Islamic capital market has positively addressed this criticism by involving the consensus. Specifically, it has initiated the following three measures: 1) "equitization" of debt-based financial products as a direct response, 2) diversification of asset classes in the Islamic capital market, and 3) visualization of Sharia-compliant corporate assets which have a great potential to universalize the consensus. Such challenges by the Malaysian Islamic capital market pave the way for bridging the dichotomy between theory and practice in Islamic economics and finance. They also provide an alternative development blueprint for future Islamic economics and finance, which is different from that proposed by what the author refers to as the "New Horizon‘s' in Islamic Economics and Finance.
著者
岡本 正明
出版者
京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科附属イスラーム地域研究センター
雑誌
イスラーム世界研究 (ISSN:18818323)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, pp.231-251, 2016-03

The transgender group called waria in the Indonesian language was politically active nationally during the direct presidential campaign in 2014. It was the first national political movement for waria. Waria in major cities enthusiastically supported the presidential candidate, Joko Widodo (Jokowi) partly because some waria leaders thought Jokowi was a pro-poor and communicative candidate and his pluralist standpoint could benefit the waria, one of the most marginalized groups in Indonesia. The widely opened political space under the democratic regime enabled the rise of warias' political activism. The waria was the most politically active group among the LGBT, partly because their grouping and organizing pattern is hierarchical under one leader called mami. Mami could rather easily mobilize the members of her own group or organization for political purposes. This undemocratic character of waria groups and organizations (and the national networks among them) paradoxically enabled the nationwide political support for Jokowi in a democratic election.