著者
若林 泰志
出版者
日本手話学会
雑誌
手話学研究 (ISSN:18843204)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, no.2, pp.61-64, 2021-12-28 (Released:2022-12-28)
参考文献数
3

問題の多い手話歌を、どうすれば改めることができるのかを提案する。
著者
内堀 朝子 松岡 和美 南田 政浩 矢野 羽衣子
出版者
日本手話学会
雑誌
手話学研究 (ISSN:18843204)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.20, pp.67-88, 2011-12-19 (Released:2012-12-20)
参考文献数
33

Since Japanese Sign Language(JSL) is a human language, as clearly shown by previous studies, it should be possible for JSL to have a hierarchical structure that can be generated as a result of the application of syntactic operations. This paper deals with one such case, i.e. embedding a clause into a verb complement position, and is aimed at developing a solid basis for the syntactic analysis of JSL. In order to confirm that JSL actually has a complement structure, clauses selected by a verb of saying and thinking were compared with direct quotation clauses. The differences examined in this paper concern word order, the possibility of topicalization, and the possibility of WH-question formation. The basic word order of a sentence with a complement clause is SOV, whereas that with a direct quotation is OSV. A sentence with a complement clause allows topicalization and WH-question formation, while one with a direct quotation does not allow either of them. The difference in the grammatical acceptability of topicalization and WH-question formation suggests that a sentence with a complement clause can undergo syntactic operations such as Move (or Internal Merge), Whereas one with a direct quotation clause cannot
著者
末森 明夫
出版者
日本手話学会
雑誌
手話学研究 (ISSN:18843204)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, pp.1-7, 2017-12-01 (Released:2018-12-21)
参考文献数
18
著者
吉岡 佳子
出版者
日本手話学会
雑誌
手話学研究 (ISSN:18843204)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, pp.3-36, 2013

Although sign linguistics and pragmatics started almost at the same time in the early 1960's, few studies have been reported so far on pragmatics in sign languages. The present study aims at examining how politeness is realized in Japanese Sign Language (JSL). For this purpose, a videotaped discourse completion test (6 requests and 6 rejections) was conducted with the help of 8 native JSL signers.As a result, the JSL signers used a variety of politeness strategies, including both positive and negative ones, proposed by Brown & Levinson (1978/1987). It is particularly noteworthy that off-record strategies, i.e., indirect language uses with implicature, were observed in 12 cases among 90. In addition, a nonmanual marker (NMM) "polite grimace" was observed 19 times both in requests and in rejections. It co-occurred with /ask/, /reject/, /it's OK/, /sorry/ and /borrow/. Using this NMM, the signers seemingly showed their feelings such as "I really hate to tell you this, but", "against my will, I have to say", etc. Hoza (2007) reports that "polite grimace" is also observed in ASL. However, the NMM "polite grimace" in JSL is unique in that it is often combined with two-handed signs, which are derived from unmarked one-handed signs and show deference, and/or bowing, i.e., a traditional etiquette in Japan.Thus, the present study clarifies that the politeness theory is applicable to JSL too. From another viewpoint, it indicates the richness of JSL as a language.
著者
Morgan Michael W.
出版者
Japanese Association of Sign Linguistics
雑誌
手話学研究 (ISSN:18843204)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, pp.13-43, 2005

これまで手話の類型論的研究はごくわずかしかない。これまでの研究は、全言語型論ではなく単独の特徴を中心にした研究である。このことはASLだけではなく、あまり研究されていない日本手話(JSL)についても言える。本稿はG.A.クリモフ(Г.А. Климов)の理論を応用しようと試みたものである。この理論によると、世界の諸言語は全部五つのタイプに属する: 主格・体格言語、能格言語、活格・状態格言語、など。それぞれのタイプは文法上の格役割より30以上の語彙的、形態的、統語的特徴に基づいている。この特徴はすべて意味論上の管理体(すなわちサピアのいわゆる「言語の構造的特質」(structural genius))に起因する。本稿ではこのこれまで典型的にアメリカインディアンの言語に見られる活格・状態格言タイプは、JSLも活格言語として見なすため多くのクリモフの特徴を持っていると論じる。これらのそれぞれの特徴を提示し、JSLデータをこれまで活格・状態格言語と考えられている言語のデータと比較する。本稿の主要な点の一つは、動詞の名刺項(動作主、主語、被動者、近い・遠い目的語、など)との一致と編入の役割を分析して、新しいJSL動詞類型論を提案する。JSLのデータをASL、およびその他の系統的にも地域的にも無関係な手話、並びにJSLが使われる地域に文化的に支配的である日本語と比べる。
著者
浅田 裕子
出版者
日本手話学会
雑誌
手話学研究 (ISSN:18843204)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.1, pp.31-39, 2019-12-10 (Released:2020-12-21)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
1

手話言語では、複数の要素を列挙する場合、非利き手の指を一本ずつ横に伸ばし、数のサインを保持することで、利き手の列挙操作における補助的機能を果たす場合がある。従来研究でよく知られているのは、非利き手の指を一本ずつ横に伸ばしていくタイプ(標準型)の列挙浮標であるが、日本手話においては、非利き手の指を内側に折りこんでいくタイプ(内向き型)も存在する。興味深いことに、この内向き型列挙浮標は、日本手話話者や音声日本語話者が使用する数を数えるジェスチャーと表現形態が類似している。そこで本研究では、日本手話母語話者と音声日本語話者を対象に調査を実施し、二タイプの列挙浮標と音声日本語話者が発話時に使用する数のジェスチャーの分布を比較した。この結果、手話話者の使用する内向き型列挙浮標とジェスチャーでは、いくつかの重要な差異があることが明らかになった。この観察に基づき、本論は、日本手話の内向き型列挙浮標は数を数えるジェスチャーから文法化した言語的要素であると提案する。内向き型列挙浮標は、ジェスチャーにはみられない離散性、階層性、そして形式と意味の対応という人間言語の本質的特性を示している。最近の諸研究ではジェスチャーと手話サインの境界について活発な議論が交わされているが (Kendon 2008, McNeill 2000)、本研究の調査結果は、ジェスチャーと手話サインを区別する実証的証拠があるという立場 (Goldin-Meadow & Brentari 2017) を支持するものである。
著者
亀井 伸孝
出版者
日本手話学会
雑誌
手話学研究 (ISSN:18843204)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, pp.99-112, 2008-09-14 (Released:2016-07-09)
参考文献数
10

This paper represents a preliminary treatment of the ethnography of African Deaf communities, focusing on the Deaf community in the Republic of Cameroon. Ethnographic data on the population, organizations, sign languages, education, history, vocations and sign language interpreters within this Deaf community are presented. Certain anecdotes originating from Deaf churches and Deaf schools are also presented. The historical and cultural characteristics of African societies underscore the following research interests: (a) the multilingual situation of spoken languages and of sign languages; (b) the presence of foreign sign languages and the attitudes of Deaf people; and (c) the " unintentional results " Deaf Africans of low levels of development. In addition, two ideas to promote cultural anthropological research based on the fieldwork conducted within Deaf cultures are suggested: (a) the construction of databases on African Deaf communities and cultures; and (b) the training of Deaf and hearing fieldworkers who can conduct research in sign languages.
著者
平 英司
出版者
日本手話学会
雑誌
手話学研究 (ISSN:18843204)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, pp.31-49, 2015-12-01 (Released:2016-12-21)
参考文献数
40

This thesis is a case study of hearing child K with hearing parents and a deaf brother. K 's parents use Japanese and Japanese Sign Language as a language of the home. And, her parents are bringing up the deaf child by Japanese Sign Language. K grows up in a bilingual environment of Japanese and Japanese Sign Language. The focus in the present study is the process of mode-switching from a simultaneous mode of using voice and sign expressions together (simcom mode) to the mode of only using sign expressions (sign mode). Concretely, it analyzes whether the linguistic structure of sign expressions switches during mode-switching. It found that the linguistic structure of the sign expressions tended to switch from Japanese to Japanese Sign Language when mode-switching from sim-com mode to sign mode. This suggests that K switches linguistic structure (i.e., code switches) during mode-switching.
著者
末森 明夫
出版者
日本手話学会
雑誌
手話学研究 (ISSN:18843204)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, pp.25-52, 2017

<p>In this paper, we analysed terms related to the deaf-mute and the gestural language in primitive sutras translated into Pali, Sanskrit, Chinese, English, or Japanese based on systematic, functional linguistics including genre analysis, register analysis, cognitive lexicology comprising semasiology and onomagiology, and translation theory. This indicated how early Buddhism was organised and the diverse Buddhist terms that were utilised in this context at the time. The text mining shows that the diverse terms related to the deaf-mute were observed onomagiologically in the primitive sutras in Pali; however, few were observed semasiologically in the primitive Chinese sutras. Additionally, terms related to the sign (i.e. argot) were observed only in contexts related to commandments in the primitive sutras in Pali; however, they were extended semantically to the gestural language in primitive Chinese sutras. Based on these observations, the contexts showing the interaction of terms related to the deaf-mute and the gestural language were investigated. The analysis revealed that the conceptual system of the deaf-mute and the gestural language in ancient Indian or Chinese societies was symbolised through the translation of the primitive sutras.</p>
著者
田門 浩
出版者
日本手話学会
雑誌
手話学研究 (ISSN:18843204)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, pp.11-30, 2014-12-25 (Released:2015-12-28)
参考文献数
30
著者
大杉 豊
出版者
日本手話学会
雑誌
手話学研究 (ISSN:18843204)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, pp.15-24, 2012 (Released:2013-12-25)
参考文献数
12

This paper brings lexical variation among sign language users in Japan into focus. A nationwide data collection project, completed in 2010 with the help of 94 Deaf sign language users from all 47 prefectures of Japan, found that most items among the 30 lexical items showing extensive variation appear in data from the 70 year-old group, and there is little variation in data from the 30 year-old group. The further analysis on the data demonstrates explicitly that the lexical sharing phenomenon is occurring on sign language users in Japan.