著者

山中 速人

出版者

放送大学

雑誌

放送教育開発センター研究紀要 (ISSN:09152210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.1-48, 1991

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Modern mass media and tourist industries have strongly affected the process of building images about the indigenous people residing in developing countries. "Primitive" or "uncivilized" image about such indigenous people has been created and utilized by media and tourist industries for their business purpose. Since the beginning of this century, Hawaii has been typical islands for such modern tourist industries. Its image as "a paradise of the Pacific" was promoted by the tourist industry in Hawaii and enhanced in the United States, through mass media such as films, radio, and mass magazines. The stereotyped images, such as "friendly", "cheerful", "passionate" or "sexually active" of indigenous Hawaiians, especially Hawaiian women, were also created through this process. This paper discusses from a historical viewpoint how media and the tourist industry projected such images of indigenous Hawaiians. "Captain Cook's Travelogue", a best-seller book in the 18th century, travel fiction set in Hawaiian islands at the end of the 19th Century, commercial arts and designs for Hawaii tourism, and Hollywood musical movies on the "Hawaiian Paradise" are analyzed.

著者

浜野 保樹

出版者

放送大学

雑誌

放送教育開発センター研究紀要 (ISSN:09152210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.17-33, 1990

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The teaching machine invented by B.F. Skinner was recog-nized as one of few clear achievements of scientific pedagogy and even appeared in SF. Arthur C. Clarke who wrote the script of the SF movie "2001: A Space Odyssey" with Stanley Kubrick wanted to scientifically define a monolith to be a God who had given intelligence to our ancestors. In other words, he wanted to describe a monolith as a teaching machine as well as a God. However Kubrick did not want to make clear about what a monolith is. Instead, he expressed the inconsistencies of the teaching machine in the artificial intelligence computer "HAL". Further in 1971, by a movie titled "Clockwork Orange", Kubrick visually illustrated the problems of the teaching machine in terms of the following points : According to the Skinner's theory, a human being becomes a slave of the environment; learners are not learning with their own will; the meaning of reinforcement is left to the interpretation of the learners ; learning can not be fully explained by the learner's behavior, therefore, the learner's mind can not be considered a black box as Skinnerian have; effectiveness is given the first priority in the teaching machine; etc.

著者

鈴木 誠史 臼杵 秀範 島村 徹也

出版者

放送大学

雑誌

放送教育開発センター研究紀要 (ISSN:09152210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.131-149, 1995

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We frequently produce mispronunciation and hesitation in phonation. This paper analyzes the Japanese tongue twister in order to emphasize the effects of mispronunciation and hesitation. First, a statistical analysis of tongue twisters in phonation was carried out by employing phonemes, moras, and the place and manner of articulation. Next, the phonemes that occurred in mispronunciation and hesitation were surveyed by questioning to ten students. It was concluded that most hesitation and mispronunciation were made by articulating back vowels and front consonants. The results will assist in selecting words and sentences capable of speaking more fluently, as well as establishing speech synthesis by rule.

著者

影山 昇

出版者

放送大学

雑誌

放送教育開発センター研究紀要 (ISSN:09152210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.63-98, 1995

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Japan, an island nation, owed much of its prosperity to the exploitation of marine resources during the Meiji period. In 1888, a Fisheries Institute called "Suisan Denshujo" was founded in Tokyo. "Suisan Denshujo", which was the predecessor of the Tokyo University of Fisheries, was established to teach techniques in fishing, manufacturing and cultivation, and to train technical experts in the fishing industry. The first schoolmaster was Akekiyo Sekizawa (1843-1897) and the second, Tamotsu Murata (1842-1925). In this article, the author reviews the two schoolmasters' contributions to the development of the Fisheries Institute.

著者

加藤 秀俊

出版者

放送大学

雑誌

放送教育開発センター研究紀要 (ISSN:09152210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.1-16, 1991

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Kunio Yanagita, the founder of Japanese folklore studies, was extremely impressed and excited to learn that Kumagusu Minakata demonstrated his wide knowledge of comparative folklore and oral traditions throughout the world. Minakata spent more than ten years at the British Museum, and his writings were quite new to young Yanagita. Eventually, Yanagita wrote his letter of admiration to Minakata, and asked many questions. The correspondence between the two scholars began in the spring of 1909 and continued until 1912 when they came to disagreement and misunderstanding on the issues of mountain inhabitants in Japan. However, during those four years, they wrote each other almost every week. The letters are often voluminous. Especially, Minakata was a great correspondent, and his letters were usually more than 50 pages at a time. With his encouragement, Yanagita finally decided to devote his life to the study of folklore in Japan. Being a naturalist, Minakata was very keen on nature conservancy in his home town in Wakayama prefecture, and Yanagita did not hesitate to give him help from the central government in Tokyo. This essay is a content analysis of the letters of both parties, and it may reveal a neglected aspect of Japanese intellectual history of early 20th century.

著者

若松 茂 関口 修 若松 伸夫 永山 陽一 荒川 新一郎

出版者

放送大学

雑誌

放送教育開発センター研究紀要 (ISSN:09152210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.151-164, 1995

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Experiments on a lifelong learning system were carried out in a rural district in Fukushima prefecture, by an audiovisual learning with video programs of the University of the Air which were followed occationally by the tutoring session at a distance with a 64/128 kbs compressed interactive video via ISDN (INS-Net64). During the course of pedagogical examinations, it was found that the tutoring session at a distance was quite acceptable for students on condition that sound was good, that a statue of teacher as big as lifesize was shown on TV, and that interaction was sought between teacher and students during session. Since the foregoing compressed video via ISDN is cost effective, through this study it appears that practical use of interactive video can effectively be realized in lifelong diatance learning.

著者

市川 昌

出版者

放送大学

雑誌

放送教育開発センター研究紀要 (ISSN:09152210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.171-199, 1993

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The purpose of this paper is to review the developments of the mass lecture system in undergraduate courses in many university. In Japan, especially, lecture of 100 students or more are not uncommon in humanities and social sciences subjects. Under this circumstances the attitude of students in large lectures is deteriorating. The educational effect of mass lectures is limited unless interactive educational technologies such as audio visual methods or demonstrations are employed feedback communication channels between the professor and students. The German sociologist J. Habermas emphasized the rationality of communication must be to develop mutual understanding and agreement, but most of lectures are insufficient from this view point. Academics are major changes in what they teach, new methological approaches to the way they teach and trends in the needs of students of the new generation. This paper will also introduce means for improving teaching softwear for higher education (EDUCOM/NCRIPTAL) in the USA in 1980-1990. Good softwear can be used to structure and connect information based on the context. The training of academic personnel and the study of teaching methods in mass undergraduate education same as the UK and the USA is necessary in Japan.

著者

影山 昇 カゲヤマ ノボル Noboru Kageyama

雑誌

放送教育開発センター研究紀要

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.63-98, 1995

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Japan, an island nation, owed much of its prosperity to the exploitation of marine resources during the Meiji period. In 1888, a Fisheries Institute called "Suisan Denshujo" was founded in Tokyo. "Suisan Denshujo", which was the predecessor of the Tokyo University of Fisheries, was established to teach techniques in fishing, manufacturing and cultivation, and to train technical experts in the fishing industry. The first schoolmaster was Akekiyo Sekizawa (1843-1897) and the second, Tamotsu Murata (1842-1925). In this article, the author reviews the two schoolmasters' contributions to the development of the Fisheries Institute.

著者

赤堀 正宜 アカホリ マサヨシ Masayoshi Akahori

雑誌

放送教育開発センター研究紀要

巻号頁・発行日

no.1, pp.135-146, 1988

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Video-tape recording for research on teaching and learning is known as the most effective and popular method in analysis of teaching. In the first experiment of micro-teaching at Stanford University in 1963, video-tape recording was used for evaluation of teaching practice by student teachers, and since then this method has been used for research on teaching methods. The Institute has been producing teacher-training audio-visual materials since 1984. This paper reports the search and development activities involved in those efforts.

著者

浜野 保樹 ハマノ ヤスキ Yasuki Hamano

雑誌

放送教育開発センター研究紀要

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.77-94, 1988

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The concept of hypertext presented by V. Bush and D. Engelbart influenced the development of hypermedia by A. Kay. The concept of media is often ambiguous, for example, what is the concrete relationship between media and a symbol system, and what is the influential of M. McLuhan's theory on media development. Since hypermedia has strong audio-visual functions, the use in computer assisted instruction(CAI), especially drill and practice type, is often discussed as a most possible application of hypermedia. However, the concept of hypermedia is entirely different and inconsistent with the existing CAI programs. While CAI is based on the behaviorism theory of psychology which leaves the process of thinking as a "black-box", the most essential characteristic of hypermedia is to unveil the process of thinking and try to assist it.

著者

佐藤 勢紀子 サトウ セキコ Sekiko Sato

雑誌

放送教育開発センター研究紀要

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.193-207, 1996

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This report shows a model of Nihonjijo course in which foreign students can learn how to solve the problems of cross-cultural contact, particularly those caused by the Uchi-soto consciousness of Japanese. Nihonjijo is not a part of the Japanese language teaching. It has its own purposes, one of which is to develop the students' ability to adapt themselves to Japanese society. In order to accomplish this purpose the teacher should avoid one-way teaching and let the students investigate and think over matters of the social custom independently, which doesn't, however, mean that the students don't need any knowledge about the matters in advance. Combination of various methods : lecture, watching videos, and discussion leads to a fruitful result of Nihonjijo teaching.

著者

佐藤 勢紀子 サトウ セキコ Sekiko Sato

雑誌

放送教育開発センター研究紀要

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.193-207, 1996

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This report shows a model of Nihonjijo course in which foreign students can learn how to solve the problems of cross-cultural contact, particularly those caused by the Uchi-soto consciousness of Japanese. Nihonjijo is not a part of the Japanese language teaching. It has its own purposes, one of which is to develop the students' ability to adapt themselves to Japanese society. In order to accomplish this purpose the teacher should avoid one-way teaching and let the students investigate and think over matters of the social custom independently, which doesn't, however, mean that the students don't need any knowledge about the matters in advance. Combination of various methods : lecture, watching videos, and discussion leads to a fruitful result of Nihonjijo teaching.

著者

影山 昇

出版者

放送大学

雑誌

放送教育開発センター研究紀要 (ISSN:09152210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.81-128, 1995

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With the Meiji Restoration of 1868, the Meiji government appointed lesato Tokugawa, the master of the Tokugawa family, as governor of the Shizuoka-clan. The Tokugawa administrator was an earnest promotor of education, and established modern schools mainly in Shizuoka and Numazu for the study of foreign books and languages, western military organization and science. In this article the author attempts to research schools estab-lished by the Tokugawa administrator in the Shizuoka-clan during the early Meiji period.

著者

浜野 保樹

出版者

放送大学

雑誌

放送教育開発センター研究紀要 (ISSN:09152210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.23-31, 1993

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1993年1月にアメリカを訪問し、マルチメディアに関する人材育成の実体について調査した。訪問機関は、センター・フォー・クリエイティヴ・イメージング、アメリカ映画協会、南カリフォルニア大学、カリフォルニア大学の4ヶ所である。長い歴史を有する映画とテレビの人材育成機関が、既にマルチメディアについてのカリキュラムを作り出し、新しい人材育成を開始していることがわかった。研修内容を見ると、ハリウッド以来のエンターテイメント指向が強く、各機関は新しいビジネス市場に人材を供給することを目指している。マルチメディアの人材育成以外にも、HPCCの資料収集のために全米科学財団を訪問し、マルチメディア技術によって放送局自体のダウンサイジングを実現したオレンジ郡ニューズチャネルを訪問した。

著者

小町 真之

出版者

放送大学

雑誌

放送教育開発センター研究紀要 (ISSN:09152210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.217-226, 1990

被引用文献数

1

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Besides the lecturer, an indispensable element in every lecture program, in some of the programs of the University of the Air in Japan there is another person appearing and playing important roles. Why does he/she appear, and what kinds of roles does he/she play? In this paper, I name this second person "Kikite" and try to examine the styles of programs they appear in, the types of roles that they play, and note some problems that occur between them and the lecturers. The roles of Kilites are: as an interviewer to the lecturer asking questions; as a student to discuss problems with the lecturer; as an assistant to support the lecturer by narrrating texts or showing some objects; and as "subtitles" for printed materials to accentuate each block in the program. In short, Kikite is an activator to prevent monotonous programs. This paper is a first step to consider the roles of the lecturers in straight-talk style programs with or without Kikite person, and the roles of Kikite that he/she is expected to play.

著者

島内 裕子

出版者

放送大学

雑誌

放送教育開発センター研究紀要 (ISSN:09152210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.99-114, 1995

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This paper aims to survey the formation of Ken'ichi Yoshida's literature. In doing this the author first traces the history of Yoshida's reading from his early days to youthful days. In the second place, takes up his translation of Poe, Valely, and Laforgue. In the third place, examines his early works in the point of view what experience produces them. Finally, the influence of translation in his creations, is pointed out.

著者

小町 真之

出版者

放送大学

雑誌

放送教育開発センター研究紀要 (ISSN:09152210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.119-135, 1993

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TERADA Torahiko (1878-1935) was famous as an excellent physical scientist, and at the same time was popular as an essayist. The themes of his essays covered a wide range, including science, daily life, motion picture, education, HAIKU, etc. In this report, I want to discuss his essays concerning the Magic Lantern, Phonograph, Radio and Motion Picture, to introduce his thoughts on these forms of media as educational tools.