著者

高木 恒一

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2016, no.34, pp.59-73, 2016-09-03 (Released:2017-11-01)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

2 2

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Since the mid-1990s, Tokyo has been undergoing extensive reurbanization, and a lot of gentrification projects are currently being undertaken in the central area. This study aims to examine this transformation of socio-spatial structure of the Tokyo metropolitan area from the perspective of gentrification studies.    Recently, urban policy has been the foundation of gentrification in gentrification studies. These studies introduced the idea that the wide variety of urban policies, which were framed according to the political situation of each county or city, affects the characteristics of gentrification. Consequently, in this study, I trace the urban policy implemented by both the national government and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG) since the mid-1990s. I choose to focus on urban renaissance policy and housing policy out of the many fields of the urban policy.    I find that the aim of the nation's urban renaissance policy is to escape from recession after the economic downturn, and the TMG's policy corresponds with this goal. Furthermore, I discuss the inclusion of “neoliberalism” and “entrepreneurialism” in the urban renaissance policy, with gentrification in the central Tokyo area in the early 21st century being the spatial expression of this inclusion. Moreover, I recommend that housing policy be incorporated into the overall urban renaissance policy thereby regarding as a tool for gathering the elite who are suitable for urban economic growth strategy rather than responding to residents' basic need.

著者

平松 誠

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2022, no.40, pp.174-189, 2022-09-05 (Released:2023-09-16)

参考文献数

47

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This paper reviews the methodological evolution of urban sociology, with an emphasis on US urban sociology. Furthermore, it focuses on the development of quantitative methods for urban sociology.     First, this paper reviews the tradition of the Chicago school of sociology. The Chicago school is distinguished by social disorganization theory and ecological determinism. The theory of L. Wirth is primarily analytical. He viewed the city as an independent variable and the way of life as a dependent variable. Second, social composition theorists appear in this paper, with H. Gans serving as a representative sociologist of this approach. He believed that urbanism as a way of life is explained not only by the ecological aspect of the city, but also by the characteristics of individuals, such as social class or lifecycle. Gans' view, which distinguishes between the effects of individual and city, is overlapped with the concept of multilevel methods. Third, B. Wellman and C. S. Fischer modified Wirth's theory. They recognized Gans' perspective and refocused on the city's ecological aspects. Fourth, the trend of current urban sociology is the neighborhood effect. R. J. Sampson, a well-known sociologist in this discipline, revolutionized the methodology of urban sociology. He recognizes the city's ecological aspects, and interprets neighborhood effects as the accumulation of specific individuals, such as black or impoverished people. In short, the ecological aspect of the city and individual selection of migrating to the city are interpreted as the city's effects. The emergence of quantitative methods such as panel data analysis and social experiments methods has aided the manner of thinking of neighborhood effects research.     Finally, this paper discussed the future of Japanese quantitative urban sociology. We should make panel data for urban sociology and cooperate with urban sociologists employing qualitative methods to capture the urban dynamics.

著者

西川 祐子

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2009, no.27, pp.21-36, 2009 (Released:2011-10-07)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

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In Kozoji New Town, Kasugai City, there is a community medium that is continuing the conveyance of information and the formation of a residential network while transforming the medium in three stages, from a hard copy-based community publication to an information exchange through the electronic medium of a website and then on to the establishment of a town-development NPO corporation and administration of a space for residents' communal exchange. The collective memory of the new town is built by this community medium and has the characteristics of being open to the external world and formed by the spontaneous contribution of the vague and faded memories of individuals. This essay discusses the relationship between the collective memory of a new town and the town development movement.

著者

金子 勇

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2002, no.20, pp.3-26, 2002-09-07 (Released:2011-05-20)

参考文献数

121

被引用文献数

8 9

著者

浅川 達人 岩間 信之 田中 耕市 駒木 伸比古

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2016, no.34, pp.93-105, 2016-09-03 (Released:2017-11-01)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1

---

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that have disrupted the healthy eating behaviors of the elderly. We supposed that there were two main factors, which were inadequate access to food and weak ties with family and the local community. In the local city that was composed of urban and rural area, these two factors were expected to cause the elderly residents a poor nutritional condition. An empirical study was conducted in City A that is located in the northern part of Tokyo metropolitan area. Logistic regression analyses were adopted. The dependent variable was “dietary diversity score”, and independent variables were “sex”, “age”, “income”, “family members living together”, “need of assistance”, “spending daytime alone”, “eating a meal with someone”, “the distance to supermarkets”, and “the frequency of participation in some hobby-related groups”. The results of logistic regression analyses showed that the dietary diversity scores of the elderly who lived in the area far from the supermarket were lower. Although controlling this effect, “the frequency of participation in some hobby-related groups” was statistically significant. These results suggested that inadequate access to food and weak ties with family and the local community have disrupted the healthy eating behaviors of the elderly.

著者

青木 秀男

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2015, no.33, pp.55-70, 2015-09-05 (Released:2016-10-09)

参考文献数

26

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Homeless people have increased in mega cities of developing countries like the Philippines. This article aims to analyze homelessness in Metro Manila. The main focus is devoted to three issues on homelessness: where homeless people come from, where they live in Metro Manila and why they live there.    First, this article analyzes the social processes which bring the needy to the streets using the push-pull hypothesis. It concludes that the squatter area is the biggest source of homeless people. Second, it analyzes the spatial distribution of homeless people. Management and control of public space by the government is strengthened, public space is privatized. As a result, squatter areas in public space are evicted from the inner-city and moved to the suburbs. Without a home many squatters are left behind in the inner-city and pushed to the streets. Thus squatter area is decentralized and homeless people are centralized. Third, it analyzes the politics behind the occupancy of public space vis-a-vis the government and homeless people. In the developing countries, public space has been seen as the pseudo-public space which can be occupied conventionally by the needy. However, control of public space is strengthened, demolition of squatter area is implemented, and many people are pushed to the streets. This article analyzes the politics behind the use of public space in relation to the government, the squatter, the vendor and the homeless people. It concludes that homeless people are the most vulnerable in both the occupancy and the elimination of public space. The pseudo-public space is disappearing and hence homeless people are converging with their counterpart in European countries.

著者

太田 麻希子

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2021, no.39, pp.23-39, 2021-09-04 (Released:2022-09-07)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this paper is to explore how recent industrial changes triggered by overseas migration and the growth of the IT-BPO industry have impacted squatter settler's households in Metropolitan Manila. The change led to the increase of highly educated and occupational middle-class workers, specifically among women, while the growth of the middle-income class has been relatively marginal. The paper will focus on college-level educated female workers in a squatter settlement and their households to examine their interests in professions and specialties and family strategies for educational expenses.

著者

今井 隆太

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2021, no.39, pp.56-72, 2021-09-04 (Released:2022-09-07)

参考文献数

66

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This empirical study examined the following four hypotheses with reference to J.Jacobs' research, Urban Sociology, and Commercial Science. (1) When local residents go to the shopping street in their neighbourhood, they communicate more with shop assistants, than when they go to other shopping districts. The more they go to the shopping street, (2) the more they trust their neighbours, (3) the more they get local information and (4) the more they are attached to their area.     As a result, the hypotheses (1), (3), and (4) were statistically verified with the survey research. Therefore, Japanese shopping streets can be the place they communicate with each other, exchange information, and make sure their local connections. However, shopping streets is not associated with the trust for their neighbours. Further studies are needed to examine the relationship between average levels of residents' trusts and features of local lifestyles.

著者

徳野 貞雄

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2010, no.28, pp.27-38, 2010 (Released:2011-12-20)

被引用文献数

1

著者

水上 徹男

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2020, no.38, pp.132-147, 2020-09-05 (Released:2021-09-16)

参考文献数

32

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This paper focuses upon the research of Siu, who conducted a survey of the Chinese community in the United States. By this research he was able to construct the sociological concept “sojourner”. Although this was in the 1950s, if we are to consider the contemporary significance of this concept, we shall have to “revisit” Siu's extensive fieldwork on the life of hand-operated laundry amongst Chinese living overseas. In this way we will also see the relevance to discussion of immigration patterns, ethnic business developments, and more broadly to wider ethnic community. The Chinese laundry business began in the 19th century, and the study on these industries did not make a major contribution to the historical studies of Chinatown nor other investigations of Chinese economic activities in the United States. However, the significance of such a connection was eventually unearthed by New York Chinatown History Project and Siu's dissertation was published in 1987, though he started the research in the 1930s. This research was an extensive study that inherited the tradition of the Chicago School of fieldwork, but has never been taken up as a Chicago School monograph. Perhaps the perception of sojourners who have no intention of permanent residence has not been the main focus of assimilation and integration theories to the host society. The characteristics of the sojourner that Siu emphasized was the persistent bond with the country of origin, an uncertainty about permanent residence, and no intention to assimilate to the host society. Contemporary research concerned with the impact of transnational migration in modern metropolises has begun to reckon with the kind of urban ethnicity that has characterized “sojourners”. And, in some ways, the concept itself is now more relevant and influential in this globalized era, than it was when Siu published his findings.

著者

八木 寛之 吉田 全宏

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2017, no.35, pp.121-137, 2017-09-05 (Released:2018-09-05)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

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In this study, we examine the expansion in the post-2000 period of shopping street activation within the Miyuki-dori shopping street (Ikuno Korea Town) in Ikuno Ward of Osaka City. We also examined the relationship between shopping street and multicultural coexistence entailed in town planning.     A first key finding of the study was that commencing from the 2000s, shopping street association has played a major role in revitalizing Ikuno Korea Town. Many shopkeepers have roots in Korea establishing in Japan. Several shopping districts with shops owned by individuals belonging to diverse ethnic groups have sprouted up in Ikuno Korea Town and all over the city. Under these circumstances, a local network has been established that extends beyond the vicinity of the shopping street. This study found that immigration and generational changes had led to the establishment of shopping street in Ikuno Korea Town.     A second key finding of the study was that the development of increasingly commercial attitudes among shoppers can be linked to town development that has entailed the promotion of multicultural coexistence. In other words, town planning specifically fosters commercial activities, which constitute the basis and rationale of activities like street shopping. This is because fostering multicultural coexistence in the town is necessary to reduce conflicts shop owners within shopping street association and avoid political tensions. These town planning measures have resulted in Ikuno Korea Town becoming a model example of multicultural coexistence. However, as the study demonstrates town planning has in fact been a necessity in Ikuno Korea Town.

著者

木田 勇輔

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2012, no.30, pp.59-75, 2013

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In recent years, modern radical leaders have been elected in some representative metropolitan municipalities in Japan, such as Tokyo, Osaka, Yokohama, and Nagoya. This article studies a case of Nagoya city, and analyses radical reformist mayor's electoral base.<br> As a result of analysis of survey data, we obtain some empirical findings. (1) The effect of basic social categories is not so strong, but young voters tend to approve Kawamura's job. (2) Not only supporters of Democratic Party, but also active non-partisans approve Kawamura's job, and voters' reformist identity is also significant for job approval. (3) Political organization members and government sector workers don't approve Kawamura's job.<br> In modern Japanese cities, the system has weakened which enables parties to get voters' support through various groups and organizations. A large number of urban voters often demand political reform. This article shows the social base of today's urban political antagonism.

著者

下村 恭広

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2015, no.33, pp.88-104, 2015

被引用文献数

1

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<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This article seeks to clarify the role of cultural production in the manufacturing industry and its spatial restructuring through the case study of "Mono-Machi" movement: the community development through the manufacturing rejuvenation lead by the local manufacturers in Taito, Tokyo. It is an attempt to form a new business relationship and to put high added value on the local product through the place branding. This article analyses that movement as a socio-spatial transformation of post-industrial urban economy.</p>

著者

林 真人

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2004, no.22, pp.137-154, 2004

著者

西野 淑美

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2019, no.37, pp.62-79, 2019-09-05 (Released:2021-06-29)

参考文献数

20

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This paper describes how people understand the relationship between internal migration and social mobility, and how this understanding has changed from the period of rapid economic growth to the subsequent period of migration turnaround. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey and interviews conducted with Fukui-city public high school graduates from the late 1950s to the early 2000s.     The eldest cohort lived in a time when not only college graduates but also high school graduates who did not continue on to college were understood to have a better chance of attaining a higher occupational status through internal migration. However, high school graduates from the next cohort were less likely to move beyond Fukui prefecture through their employment, while migration aimed at college enrollment increased. The number of college graduates returning to Fukui to seek employment also increased. Internal migration came to be understood to relate to social mobility only through higher education. Internal migration to attain a college education became almost a requirement for the youngest cohort to maintain the equivalent social status to their parents and also to remain identified with the reference groups of their own generation. In parallel, polarization emerged among college graduates based on the ranking of their high school. Graduates from highly ranked high schools tended to remain outside Fukui after finishing college, while other high school graduates tended to return to Fukui after college. Although the internal migration experience extended to the broader population in the third cohort, for most of them, migration and social mobility no longer seemed to be related to each other.

著者

山本 かほり 松宮 朝

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2010, no.28, pp.117-134, 2010

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This paper examines Japanese resident's attitudes toward &ldquo;new-comer&rdquo; foreign residents in highly concentrated cities of Nikkei Brazilians. We conducted surveys during 2005 - 2007 in 3 samples cities, Nishio in Aichi, Hamamatsu in Shizuoka and Iida, Nagano prefecture. These cities are located in the Tokai area where has a large population of foreign residents and these cities are member cities of the Council of Highly Concentrated Cities of Foreign Residents. Using the data we analyze the contribution factors of &ldquo;acceptance/exclusive attitudes&rdquo; toward foreign residents which are common among the three cities.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Firstly we find that the variables of individual attributes that are gender, age and educational background are effective. In other words, more-educated young males are more generous toward foreign residents. But interestingly our data does not support the &ldquo;group threat theory&rdquo; which is people of the &ldquo;blue collar&rdquo; workers have more exclusive consciousness.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Secondary, our data supports the &ldquo;contact theory&rdquo; and the &ldquo;network theory&rdquo;. People who have contacts with foreign residents have more positive attitudes toward Brazilians and Peruvians in neighborhood. Having a contact in daily life, people are able to establish &ldquo;visible relationship&rdquo; and are trying to accept Brazilians and Peruvians as their community members.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thirdly, people who have stronger &ldquo;Ie&rdquo; consciousness have more negative attitudes toward foreign residents. Also it is interesting to point that people who have stronger attachment to their neighborhood and the stronger intention and to contribute to their neighborhood are more exclusive toward foreign residents.

著者

木田 勇輔

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2016, no.34, pp.106-123, 2016

被引用文献数

1

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<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Populism is one of the most critical issues in Japanese urban politics. This case study examines urban populism through an urban regime analysis of the urban politics of Nagoya city, which has experienced populist politics since Mayor Kawamura took office in 2009.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The most crucial point of this case study is the disintegration of the urban regime of Nagoya in the late 1990s. During the 1980s, this regime restructured itself with developmental and distributive politics. Business leaders supported developmental policies such as the conducting of mega events and building of public facilities. City politicians practiced machine politics and influenced the mayors. Such an urban regime lasted from the early 1980s to mid-1990s.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;However, the regime disintegrated in the late 1990s due to the weakening of machine politics. Politicians lost their power to mobilize voters, making voter behavior unpredictable. This created a power vacuum and made it easy for political leaders to get popular support through populist mobilization. In 2009, Mayor Kawamura was elected with over 500,000 votes (58.57%), and since then, Nagoya has experienced a political confrontation between the mayor and city politicians. This disintegration of the urban regime produced urban populism in the city.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Populism is often considered to be a driver of political changes. However, in this case study, a rearrangement of the city regime brought about urban populism. This study indicates a potential for studies comparing the urban politics of Japan through urban regime analyses.</p>

著者

谷 富夫

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2005, no.23, pp.1-4, 2005

著者

矢部 拓也

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2000, no.18, pp.51-66, 2000-07-08 (Released:2011-02-07)

参考文献数

33

著者

矢部 拓也

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2000, no.18, pp.51-66, 2000