著者

桶本 秀和

出版者

日本法政学会

雑誌

法政論叢 (ISSN:03865266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, 2019

著者

萩野 貴史

出版者

日本法政学会

雑誌

法政論叢 (ISSN:03865266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.103-121, 2016-02-25 (Released:2017-11-01)

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With which crime should be charged, for example, against the parents who have caused the death of their child through negligence? As a regulation related to this act, the following is considered. First, in Japanese criminal law, Article 218 (Abandonment by the Person Who Is Responsible for Protection) provides that "when a person who is responsible for protection of the immature..., fails to give necessary protection to such person, the person shall be punished..." Moreover, when the victim suffered death or injury, abandonment causing death or injury (Article 219) is charged against the person. On the other hand, Article 199 (Homicide) provides that "a person who kills another shall be punished...", and, according to a prevailing view, is applied murder by omission. In the above-mentioned case, there are the precedents judged either as homicide or as abandonment against the acts causing death by neglecting the victims. Then, what is the standard to classify these 2 crimes? This study is to provide perspective view to the standard through a consideration of the related precedents.

著者

菅谷 幸浩

出版者

日本法政学会

雑誌

法政論叢 (ISSN:03865266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.139, 2018 (Released:2018-09-27)

著者

福沢 真一

出版者

日本法政学会

雑誌

法政論叢 (ISSN:03865266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.109-119, 2009-05-15

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By the progress of urbanization in Japan, city planning systems were introduced from Europe and America. In this Process, many cities pointed out the problem of imperfect cooperation between building control by police and city planning. On this point, this paper argues about the discussion in the "National City Planning Conference" in the Showa Period.

著者

増田 義幸

出版者

日本法政学会

雑誌

法政論叢 (ISSN:03865266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.29, 2019 (Released:2019-04-08)

著者

大林 啓吾

出版者

日本法政学会

雑誌

法政論叢 (ISSN:03865266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.147, 2014 (Released:2017-11-01)

著者

三好 禎之

出版者

日本法政学会

雑誌

法政論叢 (ISSN:03865266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.201, 2017 (Released:2017-05-19)

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Overview After 1956, when Minamata disease was officially acknowledged, interdisciplinary research was developed that included epidemiology, sociology, ethnology, and social welfare. However, longitudinally and cross-sectionally qualitative research into how the lives of Minamata disease victims have been damaged by pollution remains scarce. Furthermore, qualitative research that has explored social stratum movements of Minamata disease victims has thus far yet to be undertaken, and the actual situation is unclear. Against this background, the present study has sought to elucidate social stratum movements of fishery households through an exploratory approach, and investigates how they have overcome having their lives destroyed, and how they have escaped from a state of worsening poverty. The study also examines how legislation and policy have contributed to the lives of Minamata disease victims.

著者

辻 雄一郎

出版者

日本法政学会

雑誌

法政論叢 (ISSN:03865266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.108-137, 2009-11-15 (Released:2017-11-01)

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In the United States, the Brandenburg test has been applied to the incitement of the illegal action in the physical world. In this paper, the author asks whether this Brandenburg test is applicable in the internet. Cyberspace has several special factors which do not exist in the physical world. Everyone can be the speaker at a cheap price. The message is sent all over the world instantly. This convenient tool has dark sides such as email bombs, and intimidation homepages. In the internet age, we need to ask the question whether the Brandenburg test is modified or abolished totally in this information society because of these special features of the internet. There are various tools to send messages via internet such as e-mail, homepage, blog, newsletter, mailing list, etc. In this paper, the author focuses just on the expression opened to the public. The author believes that before seeing the internet problem, it is necessary for us to see the origin and applicability of the Brandenburg test in the physical world. The Brandenburg test is not a given. Its origin is clear and the present danger test shaped in common law. In the conclusion, the author suggests that the Brandenburg test has some future since it has been used to protect the opinion of the minority in the real world. However, this test was used mostly in the peaceful period. We need to be vigilant to see this test for internet society.

著者

山之口 公一

出版者

日本法政学会

雑誌

法政論叢 (ISSN:03865266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.155-165, 1996-05-15 (Released:2017-11-01)

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In the 1920's, the governmental policy for Korea by Makoto Saito, a new governor, under the Hara Cabinet is called the "Budan Seiji"(culture based government) as compared with the former "Bunka Seiji" (military government). It's needless to say the anti-Japanese movement became more and more serious since the San-Ichi movement and this caused the change of policy. The government general adopted the concrete policies, one of which was to take advantages of the pro-Japanese groups in Korea by supporting and protecting them. Though the policy wasn't discussed in public, the authorities knew it was an urgent and important task. It is said that the Japanese government and the government general made the Koreans organize various pro-Japanese groups and gave an indirect aid to them, but those groups were actually controlled by the Japanese behind them. Under the situation, however, on Feb.3 in 1921, the Dokokai was established by Ryohei Uchida, the chief of the Kokuryukai, and it should be noticed that they neither received instructions nor intentions from the government general. As the only independent organization, the Dokokai concentrated new and old foreign uncompromising elements including masterless samurais living in the continent, and started to criticize severely against the government general. Here, in this paper, I refer to the study of the procedure of the establishment of the Dokokai, and the investigation of the actual conditions of the activities by Uchida and his Kokuryukai in the second half of Taisyo era.

著者

平松 毅

出版者

日本法政学会

雑誌

法政論叢 (ISSN:03865266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.1, pp.125, 2020 (Released:2020-06-22)

著者

三枝 有

出版者

日本法政学会

雑誌

法政論叢 (ISSN:03865266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.66-78, 2003

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The act of child abuse is often performed by the protector of the abused child under the veil of "discipline", so the abuser does not have the strong sense of guilt, nor is the abused conscious of the fact that he or she is the target of a crime. That is why child abuse is called "a hidden crime". Most of the acts of child abuse are performed behind closed doors and continue for a certain period of time. In most cases such acts are not discovered by an outsider easily. Moreover the act of child abuse is performed between the special relationship such as the relationship of a parent and a child, so that it is difficult for the abused children to recognize themselves as a victim and the children tend to be resigned to their situation. Not only that, the abused children often form the sense of guilt because they feel they are also responsible for such an act. In 1961 C.H. Kempe advocated "the Battered-Child Syndrome" concerning the actual conditions of child abuse which has the special characteristic of a hidden crime. Nearly 40 years later, finally in Japan, "the Law concerning the Prevention and Others of Child Abuse (the Child Abuse Prevention Law)" was passed and effected at the plenary session of the House of Representatives on May 17, 2000. Since the enforcement of the Law, the number of acknowledged cases of child abuse and the number of arrests have been increasing rapidly, so it is true that the very enactment of the Law has promoted the notifications of child abuse cases and the arrests of abusers. It is also true that in the Japanese society where Confucian ideas still remain in people's mind, like in Korea, child abuse by its own parent was a taboo which we should not talk about or even think about. However, realities were opposite. In this paper, I will discuss the role that criminal punishment should play to prevent child abuse, while grasping the actual conditions of child abuse today and the Japanese ideas that have led to such conditions. As a conclusion I would like to propose the active introduction of punitive provisions of the laws by demonstrating that conventional punishment which emphasizes its function of sanction should emphasize its function of forming the new sense of norms in child abuse and furthermore that punishment should actively perform its supplementary function to facilitate welfare-oriented intervention by the government going beyond its general preventive function. Contents 1. Introduction-Actual Conditions of Child Abuse 2. The Abuse Prevention Law and Punishment 3. The Role of the Criminal Law in Child Abuse 4. Conclusion-the New Function of the Criminal Law

著者

砂脇 恵

出版者

日本法政学会

雑誌

法政論叢 (ISSN:03865266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, 2018

著者

東 裕

出版者

日本法政学会

雑誌

法政論叢 (ISSN:03865266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.231-251, 2016-02-25 (Released:2017-11-01)

被引用文献数

2

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The Constitution of Japan, which was made in occupied Japan in 1946, has no provisions for emergency powers. A number of constitutional lawyers have argued about the intention of the absence or luck of them since around 1956. Many of them appreciate the absence or luck of emergency power clauses positively and share the recognition that emergency power provisions in the constitution is naturally incompatible with the constitutionalism. On the other hand, in the arena of practical politics, it has been considered indispensable to the state to have legislation enabling the government to take emergency measures at the time of crisis since Japan restored its sovereignty and independence in 1952. But some laws relating to a state of emergency or crisis have been criticized unconstitutional by many constitutional lawyers. In 2012, Japanese ruling party LDP published the draft of an amendment to Constitution of Japan including the provisions for emergency powers. Coming up this draft, it is no more fruitful to argue why the Constitution has not provisions for emergency powers and researching its meaning. A new stage is coming to a discussion of an emergency power. Now it must be considered how the emergency powers should be provided in the coming revised Constitution of Japan. This article examines that how an emergency power has been discussed in Japan and proposes the necessity of introducing it into the Constitution.

著者

髙澤 弘明

出版者

日本法政学会

雑誌

法政論叢 (ISSN:03865266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.2, pp.79, 2014 (Released:2017-11-01)

著者

楠元 町子

出版者

日本法政学会

雑誌

法政論叢 (ISSN:03865266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.2, pp.22-38, 2007-05-15

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Ever since the first Expo held in London, England, 1851, Expo has provided a strong reflection of the international relationships of its time. Usually, it is the culture presented at Expo that is regarded, but this paper will look further and consider the history of international relationships that Expo demonstrates, focusing on the Expo of 1904 held in St. Louis of the United States of America, which occurred during the time of the Russo-Japanese War. Using information gathered from the St. Louis public library, Japanese diplomatic data, and other various resources, this paper will analyze aspects of the United States of America, the country in which the Expo of 1904 was held; Japan, who joined the Expo in an effort to gain favorable public opinion from the American people! China, who, for the first time, formally sent an Imperial family member as a delegate! and Russia, whose government decided to not participate. This paper will consider the diplomatic strategies of these four countries, clarifying the influence that Expo has had on international relationships. A Japanese diplomat and a public relations representative for the Imperial family who visited the Expo in St. Louis announced that Japan was following Western countries by adapting to and introducing systems of modernization, which clearly showed that Japan had different policies compared with China, Asia's great nation. America overwhelmed the other countries with a display of great technical skill and power, and with its "Philippine Village" exhibit appealed to justify America's policy of colonization. On the other hand, a display that arrived late and conflicts experienced between the members of the exhibition company attested to Russia's domestic, political, and economic confusion and disorder to the world.

著者

朝井 佐智子

出版者

日本法政学会

雑誌

法政論叢 (ISSN:03865266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.17-30, 2011

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The "Shinrin-gijyuku" school was a private school for Korean people. It was established by Mr. Park Young-hyo in 1893 (26^<th> year of the Meiji period) in Japan as a preparatory academy for Koreans who would be entering Japanese school in the future. The "Shinrin-gijyuku" school was supported exclusively by volunteers and sponsors, many of whom were members of the National Diet of Japan. The school was operated by the "Toho Association". The reason why the "Toho Association" supported Park Young-hyo's school was because Mr. Park's ambition was to lead a revolution in Korea. If he were to succeed and become a leader in Korea, the newly found prestige would be enormous. Also, during this time, Japan believed that there was a high possibility of war breaking out with China which was then under the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, Japan had an incentive to gain a foot-hold in Korea in order to enter into war with China in an advantageous position. Mr. Park accepted support from the "Toho Association" because it was useful to his goal of a coup d'etat. That is how the "Shinrin-gijyuku" school was able to be established.

著者

本田 弘子

出版者

日本法政学会

雑誌

法政論叢 (ISSN:03865266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.94-103, 1993-05-15 (Released:2017-11-01)

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1)'Kakekomi'(Shelter) Temple of the Edo Period Under the Tokugawa Government Law concerning the people of the common class, only men were allowed to get a divorce by giving his wife a letter of divorce, while women had no right to ask for a divorce. The only possibility left for wives was to run into the so-called Kakekomi Temple, which offered distressed wives a shelter and a chance to seek an arranged divorce by the temple. Kakekomi Temple functioned as a place to solve women's problems. 2)'Kakekomi' Temple of Today The following institutions work as 'kakekomi' Temple of today: a)Homes for mothers and children b)Shelter for women in need of sicial care c)International shelter for abused women, ex. HELP (Home in Emergency of Love and Peace) These homes and organizations help to protect women's lives and women's rights. Especially, HELP has delivered foreign female workers out of forced prostiution and physical violence. For equality of men and women more efforts must be made to improve the condition of women.

著者

三好 禎之

出版者

日本法政学会

雑誌

法政論叢 (ISSN:03865266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.14, 2013 (Released:2017-11-01)

著者

原田 琢也

出版者

日本法政学会

雑誌

法政論叢 (ISSN:03865266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.73-85, 2016-02-25 (Released:2017-11-01)

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In 2012, the Special Committee on Reform of Special Needs Education of the Elementary and Secondary Education Sectional Committee of the Central Council for Education in Japan proposed "The Report on Promotion of the Special Needs Education System to Build an Inclusive Education System toward an Inclusive Society". In this report they said that Japan will move towards inclusive education by developing progressively the existing Special Needs Education System. This research clarifies the problems inherent in the Japanese Inclusive System and the rhetoric which supports its logic through a comparison with the concept of the Salamanca Statement. Through the comparison of the two systems, the following differences were shown. In the Salamanca Statements, every single child is considered to be equally different (Monism) and in principle learns together in a mainstream school (Integralism). On the other hand, in the Japanese Inclusive Education System, children with disabilities are to be distinguished from normal children (Dualism) and learn in 'the diversity of learning environment' including special schools (Separatism). The differences between the two systems are the discrepancies both in degree and orientation, which are stemmed from their different models of each system. While Salamanca's inclusive education is based on the social model, the Japanese Special Education System is based on the medical (individual) model. This research concludes that an institutional design based on the social model is needed for Japan truly to go toward inclusive education for an inclusive society.

著者

築山 欣央

出版者

日本法政学会

雑誌

法政論叢 (ISSN:03865266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.139, 2017 (Released:2017-11-01)