著者

梶田 真章

出版者

日本野外教育学会

雑誌

野外教育研究 (ISSN:13439634)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.1-5, 2013 (Released:2018-12-29)

著者

能智 正博

出版者

日本野外教育学会

雑誌

野外教育研究 (ISSN:13439634)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.139-156, 2023 (Released:2023-04-24)

参考文献数

15

著者

高橋 宗良

出版者

日本野外教育学会

雑誌

野外教育研究 (ISSN:13439634)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.33-44, 2012 (Released:2018-12-29)

参考文献数

57

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study was to review the educational content of water safety by focusing on traditional Japanese swimming. Descriptions of traditional Japanese swimming vary, and a high sensibility against water has been found even from the existence of technique for coping with wave and current. Apart from its several swimming styles, such as standing stroke and resting stroke, which are not observed in competitive swimming, traditional Japanese swimming contains a variety of floating techniques as a basic skill of swimming. Traditional Japanese swimming also contains various techniques and knowledge about dealing with waves and currents and existing at the bottom of water. Hence, providing swimming instructions using this knowledge may help to prevent water accidents and reduce injury. Organizing such knowledge for the educational content of water safety may further contribute to the prevention of water accidents.

著者

髙木 祐介 関 和俊 北村 裕美

出版者

日本野外教育学会

雑誌

野外教育研究 (ISSN:13439634)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.33-39, 2015 (Released:2018-12-29)

参考文献数

12

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of salty taste sensitivity and sweat loss during hiking the mountain. Nine healthy young males(23±4 years)were volunteered to hike Mt. Rokko(altitude: 931 m)that located in Hyogo prefecture. Heart rate(HR), rating of perceived exertion(RPE),body weight, water intake, sweat loss, and salty taste sensitivity(STS)were measured at 2 different altitudes of mountain ascending(P1: altitude 30 m, P2: altitude 920 m). HR in all subjects markedly increased during ascending. HRmax indicated 172±14 bpm. RPE at P1 was 7±1, and P2 was 15±3. It was considered that exercise intensity of hiking the mountain in this study was more than moderate intensity. Total water intake was 1,347±390 ml and total sweat loss were 2.2±0.9 kg in the subjects that drinking only the water condition. The percentage of total sweat loss to initial body weight indicated 3.4%. STS at P2 was significantly lower than those at P1(p<0.05). This study clarified that drinking only the water during hiking significantly decreased salty taste sensitivity. These results suggest that the assessment of salty taste sensitivity might be the index for the prevention of heat stroke during hiking.

著者

高橋 達己 渡邉 仁

出版者

日本野外教育学会

雑誌

野外教育研究 (ISSN:13439634)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022_0002, (Released:2021-05-19)

参考文献数

17

著者

橘 直隆 平野 吉直 関根 章文

出版者

日本野外教育学会

雑誌

野外教育研究 (ISSN:13439634)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.45-56, 2003 (Released:2010-10-21)

参考文献数

21

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The purpose of this study was to examine the change of IKIRU CHIKARA (Zest for living) of early adolescents who participated in long-term camping. The effects of camp programs and camp conditions (living, weather) were examined. The subjects were 1279 early adolescents (ages 9 to 15 years) who participated in 67 long-term campings, and 67 directors who administrated or supervised long-term camping. The IKIRU CHIKARA inventory (IKR inventory) by Tachibana (2001) was administered in pre (before camp) and post (after camp) design for early adolescents. IKR inventory were constituted by 14 sub-scales that have 5 items, and 3 ability-scales were measured by the 14 sub-scales. And the directors were asked as related to living condition and camp program of each camps after camping.The major findings were as follows:1) 14 sub-scales and 3 ability-scales of IKIRU CHIKARA of early adolescents who participated in long term camping showed significant change (p<.001) between pre and post test. Therefore the long-term camping effected a change of IKIRU CHIKARA.2) The psychological and social ability showed more change than moral ability (p<.01).3) The rustic condition of living and bad weather effected a change of IKIRU CHIKARA.4) The challenging camp program effected a change of IKIRU CHIKARA. The result suggested that long-term camping with appropriate stress for early adolescents effected a change of IKIRU CHIKARA.

著者

田中 利典

出版者

日本野外教育学会

雑誌

野外教育研究 (ISSN:13439634)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.1-12, 2004 (Released:2010-10-21)

著者

徳田 真彦 棟田 雅也 篠原 準 神保 清司 白井 健

出版者

日本野外教育学会

雑誌

野外教育研究 (ISSN:13439634)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2024_0003, (Released:2023-06-09)

参考文献数

31

著者

山川 晃

出版者

日本野外教育学会

雑誌

野外教育研究 (ISSN:13439634)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.17-30, 2019 (Released:2019-10-05)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of outdoor activities on “IKIRU-CHIKARA” (Zest for Living). The meta-analysis was based on 3,395 samples from 33 studies that meet eligibility criteria, and they were integrated by random effect model. In subgroup analysis, studies were divided to 4 groups by length of program, “short-term” (between 1 to 3 nights), “middle-term” (between 4 to 6 nights), “long-term” (more than 7 nights), and “continual” (multiple times). The average effect size on [IKIRU-CHIKARA] was g=0.38. In the 3 ability scales of “IKIRU-CHIKARA”, the average effect size on [Psychological and Social Ability] was g=0.39, [Moral Ability] was g=0.22, and [Physical Ability] was g=0.28. In subgroup analysis, the average effect size on [IKIRU-CHIKARA] of middle-term programs was g=0.51, that was more than twice the short-term programs (g=0.19). The results support that outdoor activities affect positive on “IKIRU-CHIKARA”, especially on psychological and social ability. And the results support that over 4 nights' programs are more effective than shorter programs. Through a meta-analysis, this study clarified the effect sizes of outdoor activities on “IKIRU-CHIKARA”, that is able to be a reference value of future evaluation. Further research is required in order to verify the mechanism that outdoor activities improve “IKIRU-CHIKARA” and to develop more effective programs.

著者

張本 文昭

出版者

日本野外教育学会

雑誌

野外教育研究 (ISSN:13439634)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.19-36, 2019 (Released:2020-02-07)

参考文献数

78

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the functions of the adventure education as initiation by comparing processes and structures of the adventure education and initiation rites. The results of the comparison showed that, while there were some partial differences, the following points were found as their similar aspects :1) Intentions to participate are voluntary, 2) The both are held in special places such as mountains and wilderness, which are away from their everyday lives, 3) Participants form some small new groups and have a feeling of comraderies, 4) Participants are assigned to have tasks which are mentally/physically difficult and challenging, 5)Participants suffer strong mental and physical stress, and it temporarily cause a non-adaptive state, 6) Participants overcome the maladaptation state and challenges,7) Leaders are the ones who mentally support the participants by encouraging them,8) Participants review their own experiences and realize that the experiences have had some meanings to them, and 9) There are series of experiences in which the participants leave their normal living environment, overcome difficult experiences, and then return to their normal lives with their own meaningfulness of the experiences. Therefore, the adventure education functions as an initiation that promotes individual transformation and growth.

著者

田渕 洋勝 伊原 久美子 髙橋 宏斗

出版者

日本野外教育学会

雑誌

野外教育研究 (ISSN:13439634)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020_0004, (Released:2019-12-17)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1

著者

平野 吉直 篠原 菊紀 柳沢 秋孝 根本 賢一 田中 好文 寺沢 宏次

出版者

日本野外教育学会

雑誌

野外教育研究 (ISSN:13439634)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.41-48, 2002 (Released:2010-10-21)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the experience of camping upon cerebral activity.An experimental method, utilizing the go/no-go task, was used to examine the grasping response of a rubberboll to a light stimulus. The go/no-go task is a representative method of investigating the human inhibitoryfunction. The subjects were 46 children (27-boys and 19-girls) in grades 3 and 4 who participated in a 6-daycamp. This camp was designed to ensure that participants were given ample and vital opportunities for notonly physical activity but for communication with other people. We carried out the go/no-go experiment onfour occasions. (pre-1: 17days before camp, pre-2: first day of camp, post-1: final day of camp, post-2: 13days after camp)The following results were obtained.The post-1 data showed a significant decrease in the number of errors compared with pre-2 data. This resultsuggests that the children's camp which included vital opportunities for physical activity andcommunication with other people had a positive influence on cerebral activity. A similar result of asignificant decrease between pre-camp and post-camp was observed in two separate investigates. However, the change between pre-1 and pre-2, post-1 and post-2 were not significant. The results suggest that thedecrease between pre-camp and post-camp was the effect of camping experience, and its effect continued for 2 weeks after camping experience.

著者

圓入 智仁

出版者

日本野外教育学会

雑誌

野外教育研究 (ISSN:13439634)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.49-59, 2003 (Released:2010-10-21)

参考文献数

53

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The aims of this research are to examine the activities of the Sea Scouts just before World War II, and consider the reaction of the Scouts who participated in these activities. In this research, the following three topics are taken up as concrete examples of sea activities where the Scouts who got in the training ship, which the Boy Scouts of Nippon got from Hokkaido Imperial University.First, the participation in the naval reviews held in 1927 and the following year. Second, the boarding to the training ship by H. M. the Emperor Showa in May, 1930. Third, the long voyage to Southeast Asia between July and November, 1934. These activities must have had big influence on the Scouts. Since this research took up these Sea Scouts activities just before World War II as case studies in outdoor educational research, it did not dare have touched on the political intention or ideology by the adults in these activities. Rather, I have forcused on showing clearly the historical facts, what the Scouts had been experienced through such activities. The historical record which I mainly used is the bulletin “Shonendan Kenkyu” which Shonendan Nihonrenmei, the Boy Scouts of Nippon, had published every month.

著者

坂本 昭裕 大友 あかね 佐藤 冬果 渡邉 仁

出版者

日本野外教育学会

雑誌

野外教育研究 (ISSN:13439634)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.1-17, 2022 (Released:2022-03-31)

参考文献数

41

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This study determines the effects of an 18-day Outward Bound type camping therapy intervention on ego development and the self-concept in children with developmental disorders. The camping program, which was based on movement using mountain bikes, included activities such as river trekking, canoeing, rock climbing, cave exploration, and mountain climbing and was implemented yearly over a 6-year period. The participants were 23 adolescent children with developmental disorders (males: 21, females: 2, mean age=13.43±0.84). Kajita’s Self-Actualization Scale along with the Landscape Montage Technique were used for analysis. The results showed that from the four factors of the self-concept (achievement motivation, self-effort, self-confidence, and perceived self), the camp continued to have an effect on self-effort one month after completion. In addition, although achievement motivation increased immediately after the camp, it fell significantly one month later. Perceived self, which was the highest immediately after the camp, also fell significantly one month later. No significant change was observed for self-confidence. The effect size for these four factors before and after camping therapy was larger in this study than in previous research on typically developing children. Regarding the ego development stages for the children with developmental disorders who took part in the study, the egocentric stage “composition type” accounted for the majority (14 children, 57.5%) before the intervention, indicating a low composition type. However, after going through camping therapy, the composition type of 8 of these 14 children (35%) was found to have improved. From the Landscape Montage Technique analysis, there were some cases where integration increased and sociality improved, even among children in the low stages of ego development.

著者

田渕 洋勝 伊原 久美子 髙橋 宏斗

出版者

日本野外教育学会

雑誌

野外教育研究 (ISSN:13439634)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.15-25, 2020

著者

建元 喜寿 中村 徹

出版者

日本野外教育学会

雑誌

野外教育研究 (ISSN:13439634)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.13-19, 1998 (Released:2010-10-21)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

5

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In some skiing areas, the use of ammonium sulfate especially for preparing the snow for ski racing is popular. Although many people are afraid of its effect on natural environment, until now few have beenresearched about this problem because only the people who are concerned with skiing know the fact.We, therefore, studied the actual situation of using ammonium sulfate in skiing areas. The main foundingswere as follows.1. The reason for using chemicals in skiing areas are mainly1.1 to prevent the melting of snow or to prepare the snow for racing, 1.2 to melt the ice on the road, 1.3 to make artificial snow, 1.4 to accelerate the growth of plants during the summer.2. For the same purpose, the use of ammonium sulfates become common after the 1970's instead of salt.The reason were salt damaged the vegetation on skiing areas and ammonium sulfates hardens the snow at a verylow cost.3. The amount of ammonium sulfate used in skiing areas is more than the amount of fertilizer nitrogen used insome agricultural land where water pollution has been observed.4. Ammonium sulfate which is used especially for preparing the snow for racing, affects the vegetation inskiing areas.The result suggest that the amount of ammonium sulfate used in skiing areas should be reduced and researchshould be continued to find an alternative way which is more safe to the environment.

著者

張本 文昭

出版者

日本野外教育学会

雑誌

野外教育研究 (ISSN:13439634)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020_0003, (Released:2019-10-21)

参考文献数

78

---

The purpose of this study was to investigate the functions of the adventure education as initiation by comparing processes and structures of the adventure education and initiation rites. The results of the comparison showed that, while there were some partial differences, the following points were found as their similar aspects :1) Intentions to participate are voluntary, 2) The both are held in special places such as mountains and wilderness, which are away from their everyday lives, 3) Participants form some small new groups and have a feeling of comraderies, 4) Participants are assigned to have tasks which are mentally/physically difficult and challenging, 5)Participants suffer strong mental and physical stress, and it temporarily cause a non-adaptive state, 6) Participants overcome the maladaptation state and challenges,7) Leaders are the ones who mentally support the participants by encouraging them,8) Participants review their own experiences and realize that the experiences have had some meanings to them, and 9) There are series of experiences in which the participants leave their normal living environment, overcome difficult experiences, and then return to their normal lives with their own meaningfulness of the experiences. Therefore, the adventure education functions as an initiation that promotes individual transformation and growth.

著者

佐藤 冬果 井村 仁

出版者

日本野外教育学会

雑誌

野外教育研究 (ISSN:13439634)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.1-18, 2018 (Released:2019-10-05)

参考文献数

32

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The study aims to elucidate the lasting impacts of organized camp on participants as they reached their adulthood through the viewpoint of autobiographical memory and autobiographical reasoning. Qualitative data were collected by semi-structured interviews with three male and four female research subjects (20 to 40-years age) who had participated in an organized camp during their childhood. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyze these seven case studies of organized camp experience. Through the IPA, 14 themes emerged which were categorized into two major domains. Domain of “impact on oneself” including seven themes ; “core of self,” “conception of nature,” “relationship to others,” “acquisition of sociability,” “improving confidence,” “interest and skill about outdoor education or outdoor activity,” “vitality,” and domain of “factor of impact on oneself” including seven themes ; “camper and adult staff,” “enjoyment,” “unusual situation,” “experience of severe situations,” “continuous participations,” “successful experience,” and “motivation for camp”. Results revealed that the duration of evaluation by participants about camp's significance is not confined within the immediate time frame of the occurrence. The camp's significance is reevaluated at different stages of one's life. This could be during the time when one goes to camp again, or when one is trying to figure out one's occupation, or even when one is facing an obstacle. Further, our analysis suggests that at each stage, the camp's experience is reassessed by the individuals and held a new meaning to them. This study confirms that the meaning-making process and lifelong benefits of camp experience during childhood to adulthood.

著者

佐藤 冬果 井村 仁

出版者

日本野外教育学会

雑誌

野外教育研究 (ISSN:13439634)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.15-26, 2018 (Released:2019-03-01)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

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The memories recollected from an individual's life are referred to as autobiographical memory. When people recollect one’s past, we undergo the process of autobiographical reasoning as well as recalling merely. That is the activity of creating relations between different parts of one's past, present, and future life and personality and development. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the lasting impacts of organized camps on participants as they reached their adulthood through the viewpoint of autobiographical memory and autobiographical reasoning. The data were collected using a “Camp Memory Characteristics Questionnaire,” which was completed by 191 participants and analyzed using statistics. It was shown that memories of outdoor activities, such as “campfire,” “hiking or Solo,” “involvement with the camper,” “involvement with the camp counselor,” and “meaningful nature experience” were the most memorable events of camp in most of the respondents. Especially, the memories of “accomplishment,” such as “hiking or Solo” were recalled more frequently as well as more clearly, and they are valued as more important than the memories of other activities. In addition, the memories of camp remained in participants’ minds regardless of how much time has passed. By comparing and analyzing respondents' ages, these memories appear to have become more important as participants grew older. Furthermore, around 80% of respondents recognized the impacts of organized camp experiences. Participants also have attributed a variety of meaning to their camp experiences, and it was classified into 6 groups: “self,” “others,” “nature environment,” “outdoor activity,” “occupational choice,” and the other.

著者

井村 仁

出版者

日本野外教育学会

雑誌

野外教育研究 (ISSN:13439634)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.85-97, 2006 (Released:2010-10-21)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

5

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The purpose of this study was to examine the origin of outdoor education in Japan.Generally speaking, what we think of as organized camping first took shape and was implemented in the 1920's. However, outdoor education in Japan had its roots in back to Shugendo dur ng the Heian era. The following conclusions were obtained.1. Mountaineering was a main activity of Japanese outdoor education in the early days.2. Shugendo was not only the origin of mountaineering in Japan but also part of the basic culture of our country.3. The custom of Seijin Tozan (“initiation into adulthood”) directly influenced the origin of Gakkou Tozan (“school mountaineering”) in the early years of the Meiji era.4. The purposes of Gakkou Tozan (“school mountaineering”) in those days were to strengthen the mind and body of students, and help them learn about natural history.5. The concepts and practice of Shugendo were similar to those of adventure education and environmental education that researchers today consider elements of outdoor education.