著者

ROBERT R. STIEGLITZ

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.101, no.3, pp.263-271, 1993 (Released:2008-02-26)

参考文献数

14

---

Human migrations in the ancient Near East are attested from the earliest historical times, and continue intermittently throughout the ages. The archaeological evidence for population movements is attested primarily by new pottery assemblages and changes in burial customs. In addition, ancient Near Eastern texts and the writings of the Classical historians provide rather extensive data on the extent of human dispersals in the ancient world. These ancient migrations were primarily of two types-voluntary and forced. This paper discusses the circumstances leading to the former type, such as famine and warfare, as well as the reasons for the latter, namely, the imperial policies which resulted in mass deportations and population transfers.

著者

山口 敏

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.104, no.5, pp.343-354, 1996 (Released:2008-02-26)

参考文献数

81

被引用文献数

2 4

---

主として北海道と東日本の先史時代人骨に関する筆者の研究の跡を振り返りながら, 北海道の縄文時代人が近世アイヌに移行したこと, 日本列島の縄文時代人は旧石器時代人的な形態を長く保持していたが, 弥生時代以後, モンゴロイドの渡来の影響によって大きく変容し, 縄文人本来の特徴の多くはアイヌに受け継がれたこと, 縄文•アイヌ集団はオーストラロイド, モンゴロイド, コーカソイドなどの大人種群のどれにも属さない独立した人種であることについて, これまでの考察の経過を説明した。また最近行なった江南の古人骨に関する比較研究の結果を紹介し, 今後に残された古人骨研究の課題についても言及した。

著者

NOBORU ADACHI HIDEAKI KANZAWA-KIRIYAMA TAKASHI NARA TSUNEO KAKUDA IWAO NISHIDA KEN-ICHI SHINODA

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.129, no.1, pp.13-22, 2021 (Released:2021-04-27)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

1 7

---

Starting 16000 years ago, the Neolithic lifestyle known as the Jomon culture spread across the Japanese archipelago. Although extensively studied by archaeology and physical anthropology, little is known about the genetic characteristics of the Jomon people. Here, we report the entire mitogenome and partial nuclear genome of skeletal remains from the initial Jomon period that were excavated from the Higashimyo shell midden site at Saga City, Kyushu Island, Japan. This is the first genome analysis of the initial Jomon people of Kyushu Island. These results provide important data for understanding the temporal transition and regional differences of the Jomon people. The mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome haplogroups were similar to those found in the previously reported later Jomon people. Moreover, comparison of three nuclear genomes from the initial to final Jomon periods indicated genetic continuity throughout the Jomon period within the Japanese archipelago with no significant evidence of admixture. This indicates that the genetic differentiation found among the Jomon people was promoted by the progression of regionalization throughout the Jomon period. Further accumulation of high-quality Jomon genome data spanning a wide range of regions and ages will clarify both intimate regional and temporal differences of the Jomon people and details of their admixture history with rice farmers, as suggested by Jomon mitochondrial genome data. The results obtained from this study provide important information for further analysis.

著者

MARTA GRACIELA MÉNDEZ SUSANA ALICIA SALCEDA MARÏA FERNANDA LÖPEZ ARMENGOL

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.105, no.2, pp.83-98, 1997 (Released:2010-10-21)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1

---

The quantitative variables related to aspects of prehistoric populations of Patagonia and Fueguía were analyzed.Skulls from adult individuals of both sexes, 100 deformed and 100 undeformed ones, were studied.Thirty-four linear and angular variables described by Herrera Fritot (1964) based on the sagittal profile were recorded.Data matrices, one for each sample (deformed and undeformed), were computed.Both samples were analyzed by principal components analysis and cluster techniques.Variables with major discriminatory power for each sample were obtained.Results were compared and four sets of variables were delimited.The first one consisted of variables which shared discriminatory power between both the deformed and undeformed skulls;the second set includes those which deal with the variation for undeformed skulls;the third set with the variation for deformed skulls, and the fourth set did not provide any important contributions dealing with the intrasample variation. Differences among variables by region were also analyzed.

著者

SOICHIRO KUSAKA TSUTOMU SAITO ERIKO ISHIMARU YASUHIRO YAMADA

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2202191, (Released:2022-05-19)

被引用文献数

1

---

Many human skeletal remains of the Late–Final Jomon period have been found in shell-mounds on the Atsumi peninsula in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Several types of burials have been found, such as mass burial and bone-gathering burials arranged like a square board (banjo-shuseki burial). In this study, strontium isotope analysis was performed to reveal the meanings of banjo-shuseki burials. The materials included 22 samples of tooth enamel and bones from the Hobi shell-mound, and 30 samples from the Ikawazu shell-mound. The concentration of calcium and strontium was measured, as were the strontium isotope ratios. The results indicated that the tooth enamel from the banjo-shuseki burial exhibited higher strontium isotope ratios than those of tooth enamel from the single burial in Hobi. The tooth enamel from the banjo-shuseki burial and a mass burial in Ikawazu included some individuals with higher strontium isotope ratios. These ratios were higher than the range of the values of human bone samples, modern plants around the sites, and the enamel of terrestrial animals, indicating the possibility that these people grew up in a different place to the sites where they were buried. The individuals in the banjo-shuseki burials may include immigrants who grew up in other areas or their diets incorporated food from other areas.

著者

OSAMU KONDO MEGUMI TASHIRO YUTAKA MIYAKE

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.220122, (Released:2022-05-24)

被引用文献数

1

---

Although early Neolithic Anatolia is a key region for the development of sedentary society by modern humans, osteological studies are limited to specimens from the later period or from other regions such as southern Levant. We examined nearly 100 human skeletal remains from Hasankeyf Höyük, a Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) site in southeastern Anatolia, which were uncovered during an excavation between 2011 and 2015. A total of 124 individuals were identified as belonging to the Neolithic period. The adult/subadult ratio was close to 1:1, and the sex proportion was skewed towards an abundance in males. A few stature estimates fell within the variation range for Natufian and Neolithic peoples in the southern Levant and Anatolia. The estimated life expectancy was below 30, from 27 to 30 years old, based on age criteria related to dental wear stage. On the basis of dentognathic evidence, the skeletons exhibited heavy occlusal wear for their age, with a lot of obliquely slanted occlusal surfaces and enamel chipping. The observed oral health and dental abrasion patterns are discussed with regards to the people’s biological/behavioral adaptations to the environment, such as the nutritional quality of their diet, alimentary customs, or any indications that the teeth were used as a ‘third hand.’ The Hasankeyf Höyük people are considered to represent very early sedentary villagers in southeast Anatolia who would not have initiated the domestication of plants and animals.

著者

KAZUHIRO UZAWA YUJI SEKI DANIEL MORALES CHOCANO

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.129, no.2, pp.109-119, 2021 (Released:2021-09-01)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

4

---

Domesticated camelids spread to Peru’s Northern Highlands by 500 BC. The complexity and development of the society that then developed in the region have been explained by social networks enabled by the use of the llama as a cargo animal. However, the actual use of domesticated camelids in the Formative Period remains unclear. This study analyzed camelid skeletal remains excavated from the Pacopampa site (1200–400 BC) to provide information on the actual use of these animals. Osteometry determined the camelid to be llama; alpaca was not identified in the samples. Body part frequency, butchering mark distribution, and mortality profile revealed ritual consumption of the meaty part of young individuals. Four sacrificed immature llamas were detected. In contrast to the great similarity with the consumption process of artiodactyls’ only llamas were sacrificed, while deer were not targeted. Although there were no features in the animal bone material indicating the use of secondary products, the increasing number of artifacts related to textile production suggest the fiber might be the result of llama herding.

著者

ANA CRISTINA RODRIGUES ANA MARIA SILVA ANTÓNIO MATIAS ANA LUÍSA SANTOS

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.201111, (Released:2021-07-10)

被引用文献数

3

---

To infer the diet and cultural behaviours of Islamic communities during the medieval period in Portugal, 43 adult skeletons (13 females, 27 males, and 3 individuals of undetermined sex) from the medieval Islamic necropolis of Santarém were analysed. A total of 779 teeth were macroscopically observed to score dental wear and dental alterations as enamel chipping, notching, transversal grooves observed on the mesiodistal occlusal surfaces (TGMOS), and lingual surface attrition of the maxillary anterior teeth (LSAMAT). Occlusal wear was moderate. Chipping was recorded in 13.08% (98/749) teeth from 28 individuals, and notching affected 3.87% (29/749) belonging to 17 individuals. Five subjects have transverse grooves, observed on the mesiodistal occlusal surfaces in 3% (23/750) of the teeth. LSAMAT was observed in 41.25% (66/160) of the anterior upper teeth belonging to 20 individuals. Combinations of different alterations were investigated: LSAMAT–chipping, LSAMAT–TGMOS, and LSAMAT–chipping–TGMOS. These could be related to hard food, extra-masticatory behaviours, chewing unknown substances, or trauma.

著者

KENJI OKAZAKI HIROFUMI TAKAMUKU YOSHINORI KAWAKUBO MARK HUDSON JIE CHEN

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.210325, (Released:2021-06-19)

被引用文献数

3

---

The Yangtze River Delta is the best-known homeland of wet-rice agriculture. From the Middle Neolithic, rice farming expanded from the Yangtze region to both the north and the south. However, poor preservation of ancient human skeletal remains in the region has meant that the population history of these expansions has not been fully understood. In order to clarify the ancestry of early wet-rice farmers in East Asia, we conducted a cranial morphometric analysis and comparison of a Middle Neolithic skeletal assemblage excavated from the Guangfulin site, Shanghai. The results of bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that: (1) Neolithic wet-rice farmers from the lower Yangtze retained local morphological characteristics, but were nevertheless morphologically more similar to Neolithic and later populations in northern China, which was home to early millet farmers, than to Neolithic populations in south China; and (2) Neolithic and later agricultural populations in East Asia were morphologically homogeneous compared to pre-Neolithic hunter-gatherer groups even though the area occupied by both was equally vast. These results suggest, respectively, that: (1) Middle Neolithic wet-rice farmers in the Yangtze Delta experienced significant gene flow from regions of northern China such as the Central Plains and Shandong even though there is currently no evidence that millet cultivation itself had yet reached the delta region; and (2) Neolithic populations resulting from interaction between the Yangtze Delta and northern China dispersed widely across much of East Asia including the Japanese archipelago together with the spread of wet-rice agricultural technologies. These two proposals are paralleled by recent stable isotope analyses using tooth enamel and bone collagen, as well as archaeological evidence from Shandong. Finally, a facial approximation was conducted using a cranium (M252) excavated from Guangfulin for the purpose of visually expressing the results of this study.

著者

KAE KOGANEBUCHI HIROKI OOTA

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2011302, (Released:2021-03-31)

被引用文献数

2

---

Ancient DNA analysis became paleogenomics once high-throughput sequencing technology was applied to ancient DNA sequencing. Paleogenomics based on whole-genome information from Neanderthals and Denisovans showed that small fragments of these genomes remain in the modern human genome, and corresponding studies of anatomical modern humans clarified the history of migration and expansion among Homo sapiens. Due to geographical and environmental conditions, paleogenomic studies have fallen behind in Eastern compared with Western Eurasia. Recently, however, various capture sequencing techniques, which can enrich ancient DNA, have been used in East Eurasia, and the field of paleogenomics has been further developed. This review briefly introduces the history of ancient DNA analysis leading to paleogenomics, outlines three sequencing stages (partial, draft, and complete genome sequencing) and capture methods, and discusses the necessity of high-quality sequencing for paleogenomes of Eastern Eurasia.

著者

TIMOTHY A. JINAM YOSUKE KAWAI NARUYA SAITOU

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.201217, (Released:2021-03-31)

被引用文献数

9

---

Previous studies suggested two major migration events during the Jomon and Yayoi periods that affected the genetic diversity of modern Japanese (Yaponesians). We explored the possibility of a three-wave migration model by examining three datasets of modern human DNA: (1) whole mitochondrial (mt) DNA genomes of 1642 Yaponesians; (2) mtDNA haplogroup frequencies of 59105 Yaponesians from 47 prefectures; and (3) genome-wide SNP data of two Yaponesians (Ainu, Okinawa) and whole-genome sequence data of Yamato individuals, the Funadomari Jomon F23 individual, and three East Asian populations (Korean, northern Chinese, and southern Chinese). Past population size change was estimated based on dataset 1, and we clearly observed a steep population increase after the Yayoi period. Principal-component analysis and phylogenetic network analysis were applied to dataset 2, and we confirmed the pattern consistent with our model. An admixture program was used on dataset 3, and we found that the two- and three-layer migration models are both compatible with these SNP data. Taken together, these three datasets provide support for our three-wave, ‘inner dual-structure’ model.

著者

MASANARU TAKAI KHIN NYO REIKO T. KONO THAUNG HTIKE NAO KUSUHASHI ZIN MAUNG MAUNG THEIN

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2012131, (Released:2021-02-27)

被引用文献数

3

---

A new medium-sized hominoid mandibular fossil was discovered at an early Late Miocene site, Tebingan area, south of Magway city, central Myanmar. The specimen is a left adult mandibular corpus preserving strongly worn M2 and M3, fragmentary roots of P4 and M1, alveoli of canine and P3, and the lower half of the mandibular symphysis. In Southeast Asia, two Late Miocene medium-sized hominoids have been discovered so far: Lufengpithecus from the Yunnan Province, southern China, and Khoratpithecus from northern Thailand and central Myanmar. In particular, the mandibular specimen of Khoratpithecus was discovered from the neighboring village of Tebingan. However, the new mandible shows apparent differences from both genera in the shape of the outline of the mandibular symphyseal section. The new Tebingan mandible has a well-developed superior transverse torus, a deep intertoral sulcus (= genioglossal fossa), and a thin, shelf-like inferior transverse torus. In contrast, Lufengpithecus and Khoratpithecus each have very shallow intertoral sulcus and a thick, rounded inferior transverse torus. The characteristic morphology of the mandibular symphysis in the Tebingan specimen suggests a different taxon from Khoratpithecus. In central Myanmar at least two kinds of medium-sized hominoids were likely present in the early Late Miocene.

著者

大島 直行

出版者

一班社団法人 日本人類学会

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.104, no.5, pp.385-397, 1996 (Released:2008-02-26)

参考文献数

101

被引用文献数

2 1

---

北海道における縄文時代から近代に至るまでの古人骨資料を用いて, 各時代の成人集団における齲歯頻度の時代的推移を調査した。縄文時代から続縄文時代になると齲歯頻度は有意に低下し, その後, 近世アイヌに至るまで齲歯は少ないまま推移する。また, オホーツク文化の人々には齲歯が見られなかったが, これは, 海産動物を中心とする動物質食への依存が強いことと関係が深いと思われる。縄文時代においては, 北海道北東部は南西部に比べ齲歯頻度が低いが, 本州の縄文時代人と比較すると北海道南西部でもはるかにその頻度が低い。これも, 縄文時代の北海道, とくに北東部では本州に比べ, 食料を海産動物に頼る割合がもともと高かったことが原因と考えられる。ただし, 本州においても, 齲歯頻度が極端に低い縄文時代人集団があり, 齲歯の成因として植物食料の量のみならず, その加工技術, 集団全体の栄養状態なども考慮する必要があると思われる。

著者

KEIICHI OMOTO HISAO BABA EISAKU KANAZAWA MINORU YONEDA KEN-ICHI SHINODA HIDEAKI KANZAWA-KIRIYAMA TSUNEO KAKUDA NOBORU ADACHI KAZUHIRO SAKAUE FERNANDO A. ALMEDA JR. LESLIE E. BAUZON

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.200706, (Released:2020-10-07)

---

We examined fragmentary human skeletal remains from Escalon Cave near Surigao City, northeastern Mindanao, the Philippines, with respect to the morphology of bones and teeth, radiocarbon dating, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. These remains contained parts of the left temporal bone, the right humerus, the right femur, the upper right first and second premolars, and the first molar. They are presumed to belong to an early-middle adult male, whom we named the Escalon Man. Using the femur sample, we estimated the 14C date of the individual at 2692 ± 39 years BP (uncalibrated). His stature, estimated from the maximum femur length, was about 170 cm—this makes him much taller than the Aeta and the Mamanwa, who are indigenous negrito hunter-gatherers of the Philippines. The femur is sturdy and shows well-developed muscle markings. Numerous narrow grooves on the humerus were found in close proximity to each other, but we could not prove whether these are artificial cut marks made by humans with sharp-edged tools or scratches from some non-human entity. The mesiodistal crown diameters of the molar and premolars are large and resemble those of native Oceanians. Analysis of mtDNA haplogroup was carried out using a DNA sample extracted from a molar. A next-generation sequencer was used to determine the nucleotide sequences of the mtDNA genome. The results indicated that the Escalon Man belongs to the haplogroup E1a1a, which is known to be the marker of Austronesian-speaking agriculturist populations that originated in Taiwan and spread southwards through the Philippines to the Western Pacific, since about 4000 BP. Thus, the Escalon Man was likely a member of the late Neolithic or early Metal Age agriculturist peoples who settled in northeastern Mindanao and who may be the ancestors of the territory’s present-day occupants, such as the Manobo.

著者

埴原 和郎

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.102, no.5, pp.455-477, 1994 (Released:2008-02-26)

参考文献数

105

被引用文献数

3 3

---

この論文は, 沖縄人およびアイヌを含む日本人集団の形成史を単一の仮説で説明する二重構造モデルを提唱するものである。このモデルは次の点を想定する。すなわち, 日本列島の最初の居住者は後期旧石器時代に移動してきた東南アジア系の集団で, 縄文人はその子孫である。弥生時代になって第2の移動の波が北アジアから押し寄せたため, これら2系統の集団は列島内で徐々に混血した。この混血の過程は現在も続いており, 日本人集団の二重構造性は今もなお解消されていない。したがって身体•文化の両面にみられる日本の地域性-たとえば東西日本の差など-は, 混血または文化の混合の程度が地域によって異なるために生じたと説明することができる。またこのモデルは, 日本人の形質•文化にみられるさまざまな現象を説明するのみならず, イヌやハツカネズミなど, 人間以外の動物を対象とする研究結果にも適合する。同時に, このモデルによって日本の本土, 沖縄およびアイヌ系各集団の系統関係も矛盾なく説明することができる。

著者

Christy G. II Turner Erin Cacciatore

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.106, no.Supplement, pp.85-94, 1998 (Released:2008-02-26)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

6 8

---

Cylindrically-shaped grooves that occur on the interproximal surface at or near the crown root (dentine-enamel) junction in human teeth are characterized by their shape, sharp margins, horizontal parallel striations, and shiny polishing. Ancient examples reported in the literature provide the oldest direct evidence of hominid tool use. Like other workers, we found these grooves in many populations of the Pacific Basin and adjoining continents. Of the various explanations for Interproximal grooves, the most reasonable one is they represent the habitual use of toothpicks. In our pooled sample the frequency per tooth for interproximal grooves is 0.78% (1, 199/154, 167 teeth). The frequency of individuals with one or more interproximal grooves is 3.5%. Oceania has the greatest number of individuals with interproximal grooves (8.9%). Most of these crania originated in Australia. The American Arctic sample has no individuals with interproximal grooves, and prehistoric Arctic teeth lack crown caries. Elsewhere, frequencies of interproximal grooving vary markedly within and between regions suggesting multiple causes. Interproximal grooves are the result of habitual back-and-forth rubbing with a toothpick or some other artifact. In some cases rubbing may have started in an effort to deaden or desensitize a carious or inflammed site. Whatever the original stimulus, groove depth varies with individual age, indicating many years of habitual rubbing.

著者

RYAN W. SCHMIDT KEN WAKABAYASHI DAISUKE WAKU TAKASHI GAKUHARI KAE KOGANEBUCHI MOTOYUKI OGAWA JORDAN K. KARSTEN MYKHAILO SOKHATSKY HIROKI OOTA

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.200205, (Released:2020-03-20)

被引用文献数

1

---

Verteba Cave (VC) in western Ukraine dates to the Eneolithic period (c. 5500 YBP), and contains the largest collection yet found of human skeletal remains associated with the Cucuteni–Tripolye culture. The subsistence economy of this people was based on agropastoralism, and included some of the largest and densest Middle Neolithic settlement sites in all of Europe. To understand further the evolutionary history of the Tripolye people, we examined population genetics patterns in mitochondrial DNA from ancient human remains excavated from VC chambers. From five commingled and secondary burial sites within the cave, we obtained 368 bp mtDNA HVR1 sequences from 22 individuals assignable to eight haplogroups: H (three haplotypes), HV (two haplotypes), W, K, and T. Overall nucleotide diversity is low (π = 0.00621). The two largest samples, from Chamber G3 and Site 7, were significantly differentiated with respect to haplotype composition: G3 (n = 8) is dominated by haplotype W (π = 0), whereas Site 7 (n = 15) is dominated by H haplotypes (π = 0.00439). Tajima’s D as an indication of population expansion was not significantly negative for the complete sample (D = –1.37) or for sites G3 (D = –0.973) and 7 (D = –1.35), which were analyzed separately. Individuals from the Tripolye culture buried at VC c. 5500 YBP had predominantly haplogroup H and related haplotypes. This contrasts with predominantly haplogroup U individuals in preEneolithic peoples from the same area, which suggests lack of genetic continuity in a site that has been dated to the Mesolithic. Peoples of the Tripolye culture are more closely related to other early European farmers than to Mesolithic hunter-gatherers and/or preEneolithic cultures.

著者

AMMARIA AOUAR METRI ADEL SIDI-YAKHLEF CHRISTIAN BIÉMONT MOHAMED SAÏDI OKACHA CHAÏF SID AHMED OURAGHI

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.120, no.3, pp.209-216, 2012 (Released:2012-12-21)

参考文献数

61

---

We characterized 2005 individuals from nine populations in the region of Tlemcen in Western Algeria for the ABO, rhesus, MNSs, and Duffy blood groups, in association with genetic traits. The results were compared to those for other populations in Algeria, North Africa, and Southern Europe, in order to situate and clarify the genetic status of this region. Principal-component analyses and phylogenetic trees of the matrices of the genetic distances, on the regional and Mediterranean scales, reveal strong homogeneity at the regional level and convergence between North African populations. This indicates high genetic affinities among these populations. This study highlights the differences between the two sides of the Mediterranean, probably due to the independent peopling history of these populations after they had settled. The resulting genetic structure of these populations is best explained by a combination of gene flow, ecology, and history.

著者

YUTAKA KUNIMATSU YOSHIHIRO SAWADA TETSUYA SAKAI MOTOTAKA SANEYOSHI HIDEO NAKAYA AYUMI YAMAMOTO MASATO NAKATSUKASA

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.170126, (Released:2017-04-29)

被引用文献数

2

---

The African primate fossil record is very poor between the mid-Middle and mid-Late Miocene. Nakali (~10–9.8 Ma) is one of the rare African localities that have yielded primate fossils from this period, including a new genus of great ape, Nakalipithecus nakayamai, and another large-bodied hominoid species. The Nakali primate fauna also includes small-bodied ‘apes’ and Old World monkeys (mostly colobines). In this article, we describe a new specimen of a small-bodied ‘ape’ discovered from Nakali, which is assigned to nyanzapithecines. Nyanzapithecines are characterized by their derived dental morphology, and the previously known nyanzapithecines range in chronological age between the Late Oligocene and early Middle Miocene (~25–13.7 Ma). The new nyanzapithecine specimen from Nakali is therefore the latest occurrence of this group in the African fossil record, extending its chronological range by almost 4 million years younger.

著者

OSAMU KONDO MINORU YONEDA YASUHIRO TANIGUCHI

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.126, no.3, pp.151-164, 2018 (Released:2018-12-21)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

2

---

A new excavation of the Iyai rock-shelter site has uncovered more than a dozen human skeletal remains from the Initial Jomon period. We describe here an almost complete female skeleton (Iyai 1), and examine this in the context of morphological variation in Jomon females, especially those of the Initial Jomon period. Two radiocarbon dates based on the Iyai 1 skeletal samples show a calibrated date c. 8300–8200 calBP, belonging to the later part of the Initial Jomon period. The Iyai 1 skeleton was found in a burial pit with an unusual body placement. Although it was a flexed burial with the both arms and limbs flexed, the upper and lower body was disconnected at the waist and the two portions placed on top of each other: the upper body was laid on its abdomen with the head faced into the pelvis, and the lower body was found under the upper trunk in a supine position. The individual is a young female, 146 cm in height using Sasou–Fujii method, and the age at death is estimated as c. 20–40 years. The neurocranium is long (cranial index = 79.9) and high (length–height index = 77.1), the face is wide and low (upper-facial index = 43.4). The dentition shows nearly horizontal heavy wear but no dental caries with an edge-to-edge bite occlusion. The postcranial long bones are gracile, although they exhibit clear musculature impressions in some attachment areas. No paleopathological bone modification was found. The talus exhibits a ‘squatting’ facet at the anterior contact of the talocrural joint. The stable isotopic signature of Iyai 1 falls among those of the inland Initial Jomon people, indicating that her proteins mainly came from C3 plants and terrestrial animals.