著者

Motoko Fujino Eri Suzuki Mineo Watanabe Tetsuo Nakayama

出版者

国立感染症研究所 Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 編集委員会

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2015.125, (Released:2015-08-07)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

7

著者

Yohei Migiyama Katsunori Yanagihara Norihito Kaku Yosuke Harada Koichi Yamada Kentaro Nagaoka Yoshitomo Morinaga Norihiko Akamatsu Junichi Matsuda Koichi Izumikawa Hirotsugu Kohrogi Shigeru Kohno

出版者

国立感染症研究所 Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 編集委員会

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.91-96, 2016 (Released:2016-03-23)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

36

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia occurs mainly in immunocompromised patients. However, P. aeruginosa bacteremia in immunocompetent patients has also been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of P. aeruginosa bacteremia in relation to the immune status of the patients. The medical records of 126 adult patients with P. aeruginosa bacteremia in Nagasaki University Hospital were retrospectively reviewed between January 2003 and December 2012. Of 126 patients with P. aeruginosa bacteremia, 60 patients (47.6%) were classified as immunocompetent. Mortality in immunocompetent patients tended to be lower than in immunocompromised patients (7-day mortality, 8% vs. 30%, P < 0.01; 30-day mortality, 23% vs. 39%, P = 0.053). Multivariate analysis showed that a higher sequential organ failure assessment score (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.27, P < 0.01) and underlying malignancies (HR: 3.33, P < 0.01) were independently associated with 30-day mortality. Initial antibiotic therapy (HR: 0.21, P < 0.01) and patients' immune status (HR: 0.29, P = 0.02) also had a significant impact on survival. However, there was a significant interaction between these 2 variables (P = 0.03 for interaction). A subgroup analysis showed that in immunocompromised, but not immunocompetent patients, initial appropriate antibiotic therapy was associated with lower mortality (30-day mortality 20.5% vs. 66.7%, P < 0.01 by log-rank test).

著者

Kazue Nakanaga Rie Roselyne Yotsu Yoshihiko Hoshino Koichi Suzuki Masahiko Makino Norihisa Ishii

出版者

国立感染症研究所 Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 編集委員会

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.2, pp.83-88, 2013 (Released:2013-03-21)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

6 19

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Buruli ulcer (BU) is an emerging human disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, which mainly affects the extremities. It is most endemic in sub-Saharan Africa; however, it has been reported worldwide, including in some non-tropical areas. “M. ulcerans subsp. shinshuense” is proposed as a subspecies of M. ulcerans, which have been reported from Japan and China. A total of 35 BU cases have been reported as of November 2012. Although M. ulcerans is categorized as nontuberculous mycobacteria, it has some unique characteristics that could only be observed in this bacterium. It possesses a giant virulent plasmid, composed of 174-kbp nucleotides, coding polyketide synthase to produce macrolide toxin called mycolactone. The discovery of such a linkage of plasmid and its pathogenesis has not been reported in other human disease-causing mycobacteria.

著者

Sukehiro Nayu Kida Nori Umezawa Masahiro Murakami Takayuki Arai Naoko Jinnai Tsunesada Inagaki Shunichi Tsuchiya Hidetoshi Maruyama Hiroshi Tsuda Yoshio

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.3, pp.189-194, 2013

被引用文献数

41

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The invasion of the yellow fever mosquito <i>Aedes aegypti</i> at Narita International Airport, Japan was detected for the first time. During the course of routine vector surveillance at Narita International Airport, 27 <i>Ae. aegypti</i> adults emerged from larvae and pupae collected from a single larvitrap placed near No. 88 spot at passenger terminal 2 on August 8, 2012. After the appearance of <i>Ae. aegypti</i> in the larvitrap, we defined a 400-m buffer zone and started an intensive vector survey using an additional 34 larvitraps and 15 CO₂ traps. International aircraft and passenger terminal 2 were also inspected, and one <i>Ae. aegypti</i> male was collected from the cargo space of an international aircraft from Darwin via Manila on August 28, 2012. Larvicide treatment with 1.5% fenitrothion was conducted in 64 catch basins and one ditch in the 400-m buffer zone. Twenty-four large water tanks were also treated at least once with 0.5% pyriproxyfen, an insect growth regulator. No <i>Ae. aegypti</i> eggs or adults were found during the 1-month intensive vector survey after finding larvae and pupae in the larvitrap. We concluded that <i>Ae. aegypti</i> had failed to establish a population at Narita International Airport.

著者

Dimosthenis Chochlakis Christine Bongiorni Nikolaos Partalis Yannis Tselentis Anna Psaroulaki

出版者

国立感染症研究所 Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 編集委員会

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2015.195, (Released:2015-09-11)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1 3

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Tick-borne rickettsioses are endemic in Greece, however until recently only Rickettsia typhi and R. conorii were routinely tested in human samples arriving at the National Reference Centre. During the last years, the identification of different rickettsia species in ticks led to the introduction of other spotted fever group rickettsiae in the routine analysis. Under the new scheme, R. massiliae is now routinely tested in human samples, hence the description of the current human case.

著者

Iva Christova Andrei Petrov Anna Papa Dimitar Vutchev Nikolay Kalvatchev Nikolay Vatev Mariana Stoycheva

出版者

国立感染症研究所 Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 編集委員会

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.131-134, 2015 (Released:2015-03-23)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

2 6

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Here, we report a case of a Bulgarian patient with imported falciparum malaria that manifested 6 days after his arrival in Bulgaria, which was complicated by bloody diarrhea 2 days later. Blood smear revealed high parasitemia, with annular forms and gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum. In addition, RNA of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus was detected in the blood sample by real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and nested RT-PCR. The obtained sequence was found to be clustered within the Europe 1 lineage close to the other Bulgarian strains. Notably, the two infectious diseases may appear with many similar symptoms that are difficult to distinguish.

著者

Aliye Bastug Bircan Kayaaslan Sumeyye Kazancioglu Halide Aslaner Ayse But Esragul Akinci Meltem Arzu Yetkin Selim Eren Hurrem Bodur

出版者

国立感染症研究所 Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 編集委員会

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2014.566, (Released:2015-06-12)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2 15

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is a life threatening illness. We aimed to detect the effect of the leukocyte counts on survival. This is the first study analyzing the relationship between mortality and leukocyte counts. A total of 220 patients were evaluated retrospectively. The mortality rate was found 16.4%. The analysis of relationship between leukocyte counts and mortality rates showed us some important clues for pathogenesis. ROC curve analysis revealed that if the leukocyte counts on admission were ≥ 2950/mm3, mortality rate could be predicted with 62.1% sensitivity. In consideration of the mean hospitalization length in fatal cases (4.3 days), third-admission day leukocyte counts were compared. Increase of the neutrophils and decrease of the lymphocytes and monocytes were found as significant risk factors for mortality (p = 0.01, p = 0.037, p = 0.001). The mortality risk was found 8-12 folds higher in patients with upper levels of cut- off for leukocytes (2950 µl), LDH (967 U/L) and aPTT (42.4 s), ALT (>119.5 u /l) which were determined as an independent predictors of mortality. The depletion of monocytes, lymphocytes and the increase of neutrophil counts were correlated with poor outcome. These results suggest the importance of mononuclear immune response for survival in CCHF.

著者

Kohei Ogawa Osamu Komagata Toshihiko Hayashi Kentaro Itokawa Shigeru Morikawa Kyoko Sawabe Takashi Tomita

出版者

国立感染症研究所 Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 編集委員会

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2015.038, (Released:2015-06-12)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

8

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The objective of this study was to clarify the efficacy of a currently-available DEET repellent against tick species in Japan. We performed two different field trials: “human trap,” and “flag-dragging.” In total, 482 ticks were collected from white flannel cloths in field studies. The species of collected ticks consisted of Ixodes persulcatus and I. ovatus which accounted for 5.3 and 94.7% in the human trap test and 31.4 and 68.6% in the flag-dragging test, respectively. The repellency levels of DEET-treated flannel cloths in the human trap and flag-dragging tests were 84.0 and 99.7%, respectively. The escape time of I. persulcatus and I. ovatus female adults from DEET-treated flannel cloth was measured. Median escape times for I. persulcatus and I. ovatus on DEET-treated flannel cloth were 48 s (95% CI: 30–96) and 10 s (95% CI: 5–24), respectively. In contrast, many ticks remained on untreated flannel for 10 min after mounting. These results indicate that DEET repellents appear to prevent tick bites and that the use of DEET repellents against ticks is effective as a personal protective measure.

著者

Allan ole Kwallah Shingo Inoue Anne Wangari Thairu-Muigai Nancy Kuttoh Kouichi Morita Matilu Mwau

出版者

国立感染症研究所 Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 編集委員会

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.3, pp.230-234, 2015 (Released:2015-05-20)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

11

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Yellow fever (YF), which is caused by a mosquito-borne virus, is an important viral hemorrhagic fever endemic in equatorial Africa and South America. Yellow fever virus (YFV) is the prototype of the family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of YFV in selected health facilities in Western Kenya during the period 2010–2012. A total of 469 serum samples from febrile patients were tested for YFV antibodies using in-house IgM-capture ELISA, in-house indirect IgG ELISA, and 50% focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT50). The present study did not identify any IgM ELISA-positive cases, indicating absence of recent YFV infection in the area. Twenty-eight samples (6%) tested positive for YFV IgG, because of either YFV vaccination or past exposure to various flaviviruses including YFV. Five cases were confirmed by FRNT50; of these, 4 were either vaccination or natural infection during the YF outbreak in 1992–1993 or another period and 1 case was confirmed as a West Nile virus infection. Domestication and routine performance of arboviral differential diagnosis will help to address the phenomenon of pyrexia of unknown origin, contribute to arboviral research in developing countries, and enhance regular surveillance.

著者

Dwi Hilda Putri T Mirawati Sudiro Rina Yunita Ungke Anton Jaya Beti Ernawati Dewi Fithriyah Sjatha Eiji Konishi Hak Hotta Pratiwi Sudarmono

出版者

国立感染症研究所 Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 編集委員会

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2014.313, (Released:2015-03-13)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

2 8

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The development of a dengue vaccine is a major priority. Several researchers are using Asian 1 and Asian 2 genotypes as vaccine candidates to develop a vaccine for dengue type 2 virus (DENV-2). However, in this study, we constructed a recombinant plasmid-based prM-E gene from the DENV-2 Cosmopolitan genotype as a dengue DNA vaccine candidate. The protein expression levels of recombinant plasmids in CHO cell lines were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, and sucrose gradients. After immunizing ddY mice three times, DNA vaccine doses of 25 and 100 µg induced humoral immune responses. There was no difference in the neutralizing antibody titer (focus reduction neutralization test 50%) of mice immunized with 25 and 100 µg DNA vaccine doses. A challenge test using 3 × 105 FFU DENV-2 showed that immunized mice could raise anamnestic neutralizing antibody responses at day 4 and 8 post-challenge. An immunogenicity test with BALB/c mice showed that their antibody neutralization titers were lower than those of ddY mice. In addition, the antibodies produced after immunization and challenge test could also neutralize DENV-2 Asian 2 genotype (NGC strain). Thus, the DENV-2 Cosmopolitan genotype may be a DENV-2 vaccine candidate.

著者

Tomoe Shimada Tomimasa Sunagawa Kiyosu Taniguchi Yuichiro Yahata Hajime Kamiya Kumi Ueno Yamamoto Yoshinori Yasui Nobuhiko Okabe

出版者

国立感染症研究所 Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 編集委員会

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.151-158, 2015 (Released:2015-03-23)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

1 7

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This study reports the epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized cases of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection analyzed on the basis of surveillance data collected from July 24, 2009, the date on which the hospital-based surveillance of influenza cases was implemented in Japan, to September 5, 2010. During the study period, 13,581 confirmed cases were reported. Among those cases with information regarding the reason for hospitalization, 39% were admitted to hospitals for non-therapeutic purposes such as medical observation and laboratory testing. The overall hospitalization rate was 5.8 cases per 100,000 population when cases hospitalized for non-therapeutic purposes were excluded. While those aged under 20 years accounted for over 85% of hospitalized cases, the largest proportion of fatal cases was observed in those aged over 65 years. The overall case fatality rate for all hospitalized cases was 1.5%. The year-round surveillance for hospitalized influenza-like illness cases was launched in 2011, and it was expected that this surveillance system could add value by monitoring changes in the epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized cases of seasonal influenza.

著者

Tanmay Mahapatra Sanchita Mahapatra Giridhara R. Babu Weiming Tang Barnali Banerjee Umakanta Mahapatra Aritra Das

出版者

国立感染症研究所 Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 編集委員会

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.3, pp.145-156, 2014 (Released:2014-05-23)

参考文献数

99

被引用文献数

1 25

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We conducted descriptive analysis of available information regarding the epidemiology of cholera outbreaks in South and Southeast Asia during 2003–2012. Information from 58 articles, 8 reports, and World Health Organization databases were analyzed. Overall, 113 cholera outbreaks were studied in South and Southeast Asia during the past 10 years. The majority of the outbreaks (69%) occurred in Southeast Asia, including India (52%). The highest number of outbreaks was observed in 2004 (25.7%). The most commonly identified source was contaminated water: however, in some countries, the spread of cholera was facilitated via contaminated seafood (e.g., Myanmar, Thailand, and Singapore). Several genotypes and phenotypes of Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, were identified in the outbreaks, including V. cholerae O1 El Tor (Ogawa and Inaba) and V. cholerae O139. The emergence of multidrug-resistant V. cholerae strains was a major concern. Cholera-related mortality was found to be low across the outbreaks, except in Orissa, India (currently Odisha) during 2007, where the case fatality rate was 8.6%. Potential limitations included underreporting, discrepancies, possible exclusion of nonindexed reports, and incomprehensive search terms. The provision of safe water and proper sanitation appear to be critical for the control of further spread of cholera in South Asian and Southeast Asian regions.

著者

Toshiyuki Masuzawa Yoshiyuki Uchishima Takashi Fukui Yoshihiro Okamoto Ming-Jeng Pan Teruki Kadosaka Nobuhiro Takada

出版者

国立感染症研究所 Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 編集委員会

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.2, pp.111-114, 2014 (Released:2014-03-20)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

3 18

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A total of 138 animals from 7 species (Apodemus agrarius, Bandicota indica, Crocidura suaveolens, Mus caroli, Mus formosanus, Rattus losea, and Suncus murinus) captured in Taichung, located in central Taiwan, and Kinmen Island, an island off the shore of China, were examined for the presence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The presence of the bacteria, which causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis, was examined by nested PCR targeting the16S rDNA. Twelve animals (8.7%) from M. caroli and R. losea, and 25 (18.1%) from A. agrarius, B. indica, M. caroli, and R. losea were infected with A. phagocytophilum and Anaplasma bovis, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that partial 16S rDNA sequences in the 12 aforementioned animals showed higher similarity to the sequences related to A. phagocytophilum detected in wild rodents (Rattus and Niviventer) from southeast China. The sequences of the other 25 animals belonged to the A. bovis clade. We demonstrated that small wild mammals were infected with A. phagocytophilum and A. bovis in Taichung and Kinmen Island, Taiwan.

著者

Toshiyuki Masuzawa Shou Masuda Takashi Fukui Yoshihiro Okamoto Jantsandoo Bataa Yosaburo Oikawa Fubito Ishiguro Nobuhiro Takada

出版者

国立感染症研究所 Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 編集委員会

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.47-49, 2014 (Released:2014-01-22)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2 19

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A molecular epidemiological survey was conducted to identify the tick-borne disease agents Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Selenge Province, Mongolia. The survey was in response to a suspected A. phagocytophilum infection in a patient. In 2012, a total of 129 questing Ixodes persulcatus adult ticks were sampled by flagging vegetation. A. phagocytophilum and Borrelia spp. were detected by PCR, targeting the 16S rDNA (rrs) and 5S–23S intergenic spacer region, respectively. Infection rates for A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi sensu lato spp. were 6.2% and 55.0%, respectively. Six of the 129 ticks (4.9%) were coinfected with A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi sensu lato. Among Borrelia spp., the highest prevalence rate was that for B. garinii 20047 type (26.3%), followed by B. afzelii (7.8%) and B. garinii NT29 type (7.0%). Furthermore, ticks were detected that were dually infected with B. afzelii and B. garinii 20047 type (7.8%) and B. garinii NT29 and 20047 types (6.2%).

著者

Kei Yamamoto Yasuyuki Kato Takuma Shindo Mugen Ujiie Nozomi Takeshita Shuzo Kanagawa Junwa Kunimatsu Yuiichi Tamori Toshikazu Kano Rumi Okuno Hideyuki Takahashi Norio Ohmagari

出版者

国立感染症研究所 Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 編集委員会

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.5, pp.443-445, 2013 (Released:2013-09-19)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1 5

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We present the first reported case of systemic infection with Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W-135 sequence type (ST)-11 in Japan. A 44-year-old woman presented with high fever, sore throat, and fatigue and was diagnosed with N. meningitidis bacteremia. The causative strain was identified as serogroup W-135 ST-11 by polymerase chain reaction and multilocus sequence typing. Approximately 1 month after treatment, she developed high fever, dyspnea, chest pain, and shoulder pain due to pericarditis, polyarthritis, and tenosynovitis, which are all relatively common immunoreactive complications of W-135 ST-11 meningococcal infections. This causative strain was the same as that responsible for an outbreak of meningitis among Hajj pilgrims in 2000. The strain is now found worldwide because it can attain a high carriage rate and has a long duration of carriage. We suspect that our patient's infection was acquired from an imported chronic carrier.

著者

Romanee Chaiwarith Teewin Ngamsrikam Sawalak Fupinwong Thira Sirisanthana

出版者

国立感染症研究所 Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 編集委員会

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.2, pp.121-125, 2013 (Released:2013-03-21)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

3 7

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This retrospective study was conducted among healthcare workers (HCWs) in a tertiary care hospital to (i) determine the incidence of exposure to blood and/or body fluids, (ii) describe the characteristics of such exposures, and (iii) describe management after exposure. There were 1,611 episodes of occupational exposure between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2010. Of those affected, 1,086 (67.4%) were women. The mean age was 27.6 ± 7.2 years. Nurses (483, 29.9%) were the HCWs most frequently exposed to blood and/or body fluids. The incidence was highest among physicians (11%/year). Percutaneous injury by hollow needles was the most common type of injury (576, 35.8%). Of the 1,611 episodes, 142 (8.8%) comprised HCWs being exposed to human immunodeficiency virus-positive sources. One hundred fifty-one HCWs (9.4%) were exposed to hepatitis B surface (HBs) antigen-positive sources. Sixty-one HCWs had indications for both hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin; 43 (70.5%) received both. Among the 266 HCWs who had no protective antibody against HBV and were exposed to HBs antigen-negative sources, only 1 (0.4%) received HBV vaccine. These findings suggest that guidelines for post-exposure management among HCWs exposed to HBs antigen-positive sources are not regularly followed. HBV immunization is necessary for all HCWs.

著者

Arata Hidano Yoko Hayama Toshiyuki Tsutsui

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.5, pp.396-402, 2012 (Released:2012-09-25)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

4 7

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Rabies was eliminated in Japan over 50 years ago; however, the recent increase in the movement of humans and animals across the world highlights the potential threat of disease reentry into the country. The immune status against rabies among the dog population in Japan is not well known; thus, the purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of dogs with effective immunity from the vaccination history using a web-based survey. We found that 76.9% (95% confidence interval, 75.8–78.1) of dogs in this study population belonged to the population in which 90% were assumed to have the internationally accepted antibody titer. We showed that dogs taken less frequently for walks were less likely to be vaccinated. Additionally, the frequency of encounters with other dogs during walks and the number of individuals in households were associated with vaccination history. To our knowledge, this study is the first report estimating the prevalence of dogs in Japan with effective immunity against rabies. Further, we identified the population with low vaccination coverage as well as the heterogeneous characteristics of vaccination history among the dog population. These findings contribute to the implementation of an efficient strategy for improving the overall vaccination coverage in Japan and the development of a quantitative risk assessment of rabies.