著者

Hiroshi Yoshikura

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.6, pp.359-367, 2019 (Released:2019-11-21)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1 2

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From 1995 to 2000, the mortality rates of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients < 54 years of age have declined; however, since 2000, deaths of HIV/AIDS patients aged > 55 have started to increase. Although deaths directly linked to infections have declined since 2005, those related to malignancy, encephalopathy, interstitial pneumonia, wasting syndrome, etc. persisted. In 10 years from 1999–2004 to 2010–2017, the age at death shifted by 5 years towards an older age in the general population and in patients with HIV/AIDS (mainly males), adult T-cell leukemia, or Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Among these, HIV/AIDS patients and the general population exhibited an unequivocal gender difference. As of 2011–2016, the median of the deaths of the HIV/AIDS patients was 52.5 years for males and 70 years for females, while the median of the deaths of the general population was 75 years for males and 85 years for females. Hence, male HIV/AIDS patients died 22.5 years earlier and female HIV/AIDS patients 15 years earlier than did the general population. A common denominator of HIV/AIDS-related deaths and deaths among the general population could be CD4+T cells as these cells are primary targets of HIV, and a decline in naïve CD4+T cell count is a hallmark of aging.

著者

Hiroshi Yoshikura

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.1, pp.23-30, 2019-01-31 (Released:2019-01-23)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

3 7

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In Japan, HIV infection is classified as “HIV” or “AIDS” depending upon whether the infection was detected before or after the development of AIDS. In male homosexuals, in the plot of the number of “AIDS” notified annually versus the that of “HIV” notified annually, the plot fell on a straight line with a slope close to 1. When the number of “HIV” no longer increased, that of “AIDS” also stopped increasing. The number of “HIV” notified in one region or age group was correlated with that of other regions or age groups, respectively. However, no such correlation was observed among male heterosexuals. “HIV” was detected more frequently among male homosexuals and females than among male heterosexuals. The rate of “AIDS” detection increased with age in all infection categories. Our analysis, supported by findings of other studies, suggested that the higher rate of “HIV” detection among male homosexuals and females was attributed to the increased risk of receptive sexual intercourse, while the higher rate of “AIDS” detection among the elderly people was attributed to immunological senescence.

著者

Hiroshi Yoshikura

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2018.421, (Released:2019-04-26)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1

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The number of eaters and that of patients per outbreak followed lognormal distribution in food poisonings caused by microbes while it followed scale-free distribution in food poisoning caused by plant or animal toxins. Attack rates of the individual outbreaks were distributed continuously and almost linearly from >0 to 1 for all the food poisonings, i.e., they could not be represented by median and standard deviation. For monitoring of the number of patients and the attack rate in individual outbreaks simultaneously, the number of patients was plotted in the x-axis in the logarithmic scale against the attack rate in the y-axis in the normal scale. There emerged plots characterized by repeating arcs assuming shape of a butterfly with extended wings viewed from above, which was called “backbone configuration”. The butterfly-shaped plot patterns were generally stable over time, but variable depending on pathogens, implicated facilities and their combinations. The backbone configuration was reproduced by assuming that the number of patients per outbreak was distributed continuously from 1 to the number of eaters per outbreak.

著者

Yuichi Fukui Hisashi Inokuma

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2018.470, (Released:2019-01-31)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

10

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The prevalence of Anaplasma infection in 332 dogs from Ibaraki, Japan, was evaluated by serological and molecular surveys. Immunofluorescence antibody assay (IFA) against Anaplasma phagocytophilum indicated that 7 (2.1%) of 328 dogs were positive for A. phagocytophilum. Screening PCR demonstrated that 8 (2.4%) of 331 dogs were positive for Anaplasmataceae. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial 16S rRNA sequence of PCR amplicons revealed that 6 sequences were most similar to the 16S rRNA sequence of Wolbachia sp. and the remaining 2 to Anaplasma bovis. Further analysis by A. phagocytophilum-specific nested PCR demonstrated that 1 dog infected with A. bovis was also positive for A. phagocytophilum. This is the first study to report the dual infection of a dog in Japan with A. bovis and A. phagocytophilum.

著者

Tetsuo Nakayama Shigeru Suga Kenji Okada Nobuhiko Okabe

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.1, pp.49-52, 2019-01-31 (Released:2019-01-23)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

7

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A follow-up serological study was conducted involving 47 subjects who received 4 doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, combined with the acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) together with Salk-type inactivated polio vaccine (DTaP-wIPV), until 6 years of age. All antibody levels declined more rapidly than expected within 3 years after the completion of primary vaccination with the 4th booster dose, and titers persisted until 6 years of age. The positive rate of the IgG antibody against pertussis toxin (PT) was 31.9% (15/47) at 4 years of age, 41.0% (16/39) at 5 years of age, and 40.5% (15/37) at 6 years of age. A significant increase in anti-PT antibodies was observed in 6 subjects, suggesting subclinical infection. Positive rates of antibodies against other targets did not decrease; however, titers of neutralizing antibodies against poliovirus type III decreased in a few subjects. These data suggest the need for an additional preschool booster immunization using DTaP-wIPV.

著者

Akio Yamada Kohei Makita Hazumu Kadowaki Naoto Ito Makoto Sugiyama Nigel C.L. Kwan Katsuaki Sugiura

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2018.431, (Released:2018-12-25)

参考文献数

58

被引用文献数

10

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Although rabies still kills many people, global eradication of human rabies is considered to be feasible. Because the progress toward eradication may be different among regions with different socio-economic status, states that successfully eradicate this disease must be vigilant for re-emergence of rabies. In this article, we describe arguments over current rabies prevention measures and risk assessment results for rabies introduction and spread in rabies-free Japan. We also summarize the measures taken by representative countries and regions free from rabies. Our risk assessment results revealed that the risk of rabies reintroduction under current circumstances is very low, and that subsequent spread of the disease would be minimal because of quite low value of basic reproduction number. Similar assessments conducted in other rabies-free areas also showed quite limited risks of introduction. The majority of rabies-free countries maintain their rabies-free status through strict import quarantine of carnivorous animals, efficient surveillance of animal rabies including wildlife, quick emergency responses, and raising public awareness of the disease. To keep current rabies-free status in Japan, it is strongly recommended to maintain current quarantine system as well as to reinforce compliance of stakeholders involved in international dog movement. Sustainable surveillance system targeting wildlife is also indispensable.

著者

Tetsuo Nakayama Shigeru Suga Kenji Okada Nobuhiko Okabe

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2018.314, (Released:2018-10-31)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

7

---

A follow-up serological study was conducted involving 47 subjects who received four doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids combined with acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) together with Salk-type inactivated polio vaccine (DTaP-wIPV) until 6 years of age. All antibody levels declined more rapidly than expected within 3 years after the completion of the primary vaccination with 4th booster dose and titers persisted until 6 years of age. The positive rate of the IgG antibody against pertussis toxin (PT) was 31.9% (15/47) at 4 years of age, 41.0% (16/39) at 5 years of age, and 40.5% (15/37) at 6 years of age. A significant increase in the PT antibody was observed in 6 subjects, suggesting subclinical infection. Positive rates of antibodies against other targets did not decrease but titers of neutralizing antibodies against poliovirus type III decreased in only a few subjects. These data suggest the need for an additional preschool booster immunization using DTaP-wIPV.

著者

Yuichi Fukui Seigo Ohkawa Hisashi Inokuma

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.4, pp.302-305, 2018-07-31 (Released:2018-07-24)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

7

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Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA was detected from a dog with canine granulocytic anaplasmosis (CGA) in Japan. Phylogenetic analysis of the DNA using 16S rRNA, gltA, and groEL sequences revealed that the strain was nearly identical to A. phagocytophilum detected from Apodemus agrarius (black-striped field mouse) in China and Korea. To our knowledge, this is the first report of molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of A. phagocytophilum from a clinical case of CGA in Japan.

著者

Hiroshi Yoshikura

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2018.183, (Released:2018-09-28)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

7

---

In Japan, HIV infection is classified as “HIV” or “AIDS” depending upon whether the infection was detected before or after development of AIDS. For male homosexuals, in the plot of the number of “AIDS” versus the number of “HIV”, the plots fell on a straight line with a slope close to 1. When the number of “HIV” stopped increasing, that of “AIDS” stopped increasing. The number of “HIV” in one region or in one age group was correlated with that of other regions or that of other age groups, respectively. No such correlation was detected for male heterosexuals. Male homosexuals and females were detected more as “HIV” than male heterosexuals. Detection as “AIDS” increased with age in all the infection categories. Our analysis supported by others suggested that the higher rate of detection as “HIV” among male homosexuals and females than among male heterosexuals was attributable to higher risk of the receptive sexual intercourse, and the higher incidence of “AIDS” among elderlies to immunological senescence.

著者

Xiaochen Liu Wenxiao Jia Hong Wang Yunling Wang Jingxun Ma Hao Wang Xuan Zhou Guohua Li

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.89-97, 2015 (Released:2015-03-23)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

4 8

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This study aimed to establish a spinal tuberculosis model by implanting Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv into the lumbar vertebral body of New Zealand white rabbits. A hole was first drilled into the top of the 6th lumbar vertebra of each rabbit, which was then filled with a gelatin sponge to adsorb 0.2 ml of M. tuberculosis suspension (107 CFU /ml) for the infection group or normal saline for the control group. The holes were then closed with sutures. CT findings demonstrated that 5 and 10 rabbits developed spinal tuberculosis at 4 and 8 weeks, respectively, after this procedure. MRI examinations revealed that 7 and 15 rabbits had positive results at 4 and 8 weeks, respectively, after this procedure. HE staining of the vertebral body and paravertebral soft tissue biopsies of infected rabbits indicated inflammatory cell infiltration or necrosis in 15 rabbits. M. tuberculosis was cultured in 67% of the abscesses. The modeling success rate was 68.1%. By implanting an appropriate dosage of M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv into a local lumbar vertebral body of New Zealand white rabbits, we successfully established a spinal tuberculosis model, the pathological changes of which are similar to those of human spinal tuberculosis.

著者

Phan Le Thanh Huong Pham Thu Hien Nguyen Thi Phong Lan Tran Quang Binh Dao Minh Tuan Dang Duc Anh

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2015.157, (Released:2015-11-13)

参考文献数

36

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This article has been retracted by the authors under the agreement between the Editor-in-Chief, Masayuki Saijo and authors.

著者

Shinji Fukushima Hitoshi Kikuchi Mitsunobu Miyazu Atsuo Hamada Kazunobu Ouchi Hiroki Takagi Hanako Mihara Toru Sasaki Hayato Oka Valerie Bosch-Castells Philipp Oster

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2017.277, (Released:2018-06-29)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

6

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Meningococcal disease can cause significant disability and mortality. The quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine (Men-ACWY-D) protects against invasive meningococcal disease caused by serogroups A, C, W, and Y. This phase III, open-label, single-arm, multicenter study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a single vaccine dose in healthy Japanese adults. The study enrolled 200 participants 2-55 years of age. Immunogenicity was assessed by quantifying seroprotection rates (the proportion of participants with antibody titers ≥1:128 against capsular polysaccharide from all 4 serogroups, measured 28 days after vaccination). Safety endpoints included occurrence, nature, time to onset, duration, intensity, relationship to vaccination, and outcome of solicited and unsolicited adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs (SAEs). Participants included 194 adults, 2 adolescents, and 4 children. Among adults, seroprotection rates for serogroups A, C, W, and Y were 91.2%, 80.2%, 89.1%, and 93.8%, respectively. Seroconversion rates (proportion of participants with pre-vaccination titers of <1:4 and a ≥4-fold rise from baseline) were 87.3%, 83.0%, 94.4%, and 96.4%, respectively. No immediate AEs or reactions, SAEs, or deaths were reported in any age group. Men-ACWY-D is well tolerated and immunogenic, eliciting antibodies against capsular polysaccharides from all 4 serogroups in Japanese adults.

著者

Yuichi Fukui Seigo Ohkawa Hisashi Inokuma

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2017.558, (Released:2018-04-27)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

7

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Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA was detected from a dog with canine granulocytic anaplasmosis (CGA) in Japan. Phylogenetic analysis of the DNA using 16s rRNA, gltA, and groEL sequences revealed that the strain was nearly identical to A. phagocytophilum detected from Apodemus agrarius (black-striped field mouse) in China and Korea. This report is the first phylogenetic study on A. phagocytophilum from a CGA case in Japan.

著者

Yoshiko Somura Fuminori Mizukoshi Koo Nagasawa Kana Kimoto Mayuko Oda Takayuki Shinkai Koichi Murakami Kenji Sadamasu Kazuhiko Katayama Hirokazu Kimura

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2017.264, (Released:2018-02-28)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

4

著者

Gaowa Wulantuya Xuhong Yin Minzhi Cao Shengchun Guo Chunlian Ding Lu Yuhua Luo Jianchang Hiroki Kawabata Shuji Ando Hongru Su Masahiko Shimada Naoya Takamoto Yuko Shimamura Shuichi Masuda Norio Ohashi

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2017.450, (Released:2018-02-28)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

7

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Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular bacterium and causes febrile illness in humans and livestock. A 49-year-old woman was suffering from feverish symptom, fatigue, arthralgia, general body pain, and anorexia for 2 weeks. Later, she visited Bayan Nur Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Hospital in Inner Mongolia, China. Molecular-based diagnostic analysis of the patient’s blood revealed that A. phagocytophilum p44 DNA was positive, but Brucella omp31, spotted fever group Rickettsia gltA, Orientia tsutsugamushi 16S rDNA, and Ehrlichia p28 were negative. The amino acid sequences of 9 A. phagocytophilum p44 clones obtained from the patient shared 44-100% similarity among them and closely related to those of previously-identified p44 clones from canis familiaris (accession no. KJV64194) and from Ixodes persulcatus tick (no. BAN28309). Serological tests using the patient’s serum showed that IgM and IgG titers to A. phagocytophilum antigens were 160 and 20, respectively, determined by indirect immunofluorescence assay and the reaction to recombinant P44 proteins (rP44-1, rP44-18ES, and/or rP44-47) were confirmed by Western blot analysis. Thus, the results obtained in this study strongly suggests that the patient was infected with A. phagocytophilum. To our knowledge, this is a first case of human anaplasomosis infection in Inner Mongolia autonomous region.

著者

Lattapon Suwanprinya Noppawan Phumala Morales Pimtip Sanvarinda Hamady Dieng Tamaki Okabayashi Ronald Enrique Morales Vargas

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.4, pp.383-387, 2017 (Released:2017-07-24)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

8

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Encephalitis has been described worldwide as a severe complication in patients infected by dengue virus. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is a key mechanism involved in the neuronal damage caused by viral encephalitis. In the present study, the capability of dengue virus serotypes 2 (DENV2) and DENV4 to induce ROS production was investigated in a rat microglial cell line, HAPI cells. The cells were infected with DENV2 and DENV4 at a multiplicity of infection of 0.1 for a 2-h adsorption period. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was used as the reference. DENV2- and DENV4-induced microglial activation and significantly increased ROS production corresponded to decreased cell viability. The activity of DENV4 was significantly higher than the activities of DENV2 and JEV at 48 and 72 h post infection. DENV4 partly induced ROS production via an iron-induced Fenton reaction, as demonstrated by the treatment with an iron chelator, deferiprone. Despite the induction of increased inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide (NO) production by JEV, DENV2, and DENV4 did not induce NO production, suggesting the activation of different pathways in response to infections by different viruses. In conclusion, DENV2 and DENV4 have the capability to induce ROS production and activate microglia, which have been reported as the key components of neuronal damage.

著者

Hiroki Ozawa Shigeru Tajima Eri Nakayama Kengo Kato Akifumi Yamashita Tsuyoshi Sekizuka Makoto Kuroda Shuzo Usuku

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2017.256, (Released:2017-12-26)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

3

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Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has been documented within Central and South America, Asia, and Africa. Here we report the isolation of virus from a patient infected with ZIKV returning to Japan from the Dominican Republic. The ZIKV strain was imaged by electron microscopy and its complete genome sequence was analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis and molecular characterization revealed that the strain was of the Asian lineage, and carried two unique mutations in its NS5 region. These mutations are characteristic of strains that originated in the Dominican Republic and the USA in 2016.

著者

Yoshiyuki Sugishita Naotaka Shimatani Shigetaka Katow Takuri Takahashi Narumi Hori

出版者

国立感染症研究所 Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 編集委員会

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.159-165, 2015 (Released:2015-03-23)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

4 22

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A large rubella outbreak has been observed since June 2012 in Tokyo, Japan, and a rapid increase in the number of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) cases have also been reported in Japan since October 2012. All the clinically diagnosed and laboratory-confirmed rubella cases reported in Tokyo from January 2012 to December 2013 and all the laboratory-confirmed CRS cases from January 2012 to March 2014 were analyzed. In total, 4,116 rubella cases were reported in Tokyo. Of these, 77.2% (n = 3,176) were male; the highest number of cases occurred in males aged 35–39 years and in females aged 20–24 years. Complications included arthralgia/arthritis (19.4%), thrombocytopenic purpura (0.5%), hepatic dysfunction (0.3%), and encephalitis (0.1%). The circulating rubella virus in Tokyo was genotype 2B. The most possible site of transmission was the workplace. Because of the rubella epidemic, 16 CRS cases were reported in Tokyo from March 2013 to February 2014. Domestic infection with rubella was proven for all mothers of 16 cases. This situation suggests that Japan is still working to achieve rubella elimination.

著者

Yoko Aoki Yohei Matoba Shizuka Tanaka Kazue Yahagi Sueshi Ito Hiroshi Yoshida Tsutomu Itagaki Katsumi Mizuta

出版者

国立感染症研究所 Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 編集委員会

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.4, pp.350-351, 2016 (Released:2016-07-22)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

5

著者

Sayaka Yamazaki Makiko Kondo Koji Sudo Tomoyuki Ueda Hiroshi Fujiwara Naoki Hasegawa Shingo Kato

出版者

国立感染症研究所 Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 編集委員会

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.5, pp.367-372, 2016 (Released:2016-09-21)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

6

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Because western blotting occasionally causes cross-reactions between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and HIV-2, it is difficult to distinguish a coinfection status from a false-positive result. Therefore, we developed a qualitative real-time PCR assay to detect HIV-1 and HIV-2 RNA that can be performed in parallel. Viral RNA extracted from 500 μl of plasma was examined using real-time PCR with minor groove binder probes. Bovine leukemia virus was used as an internal standard. The sensitivity was determined by probit regression analysis using the World Health Organization international standards for HIV-1 and HIV-2. The lower detection limits at a 95% hit rate were 54 IU/ml for HIV-1 and 5.0 IU/ml for HIV-2, which were lower than any HIV-2 assays reported previously. HIV-1 RNA was detected in 51 of 52 HIV-1 seropositive plasma samples. HIV-2 RNA was detected in 7 of 10 HIV-2 seropositive plasma samples. Non-specific signals and cross reactivity between HIV-1 and HIV-2 were not observed in 100 HIV seronegative samples. The assay developed in this study is highly sensitive and specific for the detection of HIV-1 and HIV-2 RNA. The test is expected to be useful for the differential diagnosis of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections.