著者

Kiyoko Okamaoto Kazuya Shirato NagaNaganori Nao Shinji Saito Tsutomu Kageyama Hideki Hasegawa Tadaki Suzuki Shutoku Matsuyama Makoto Takeda

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2020.108, (Released:2020-04-30)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

13 32

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The COVID-19 outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan (China) in December 2019 is currently spreading rapidly and globally. We recently reported a laboratory diagnostic protocol for SARS-CoV-2 based on real-time RT-PCR assays using two primer sets, N and N2. On 30–31 January 2020, the protocol and reagents for these assays were distributed to local public health institutes and quarantine depots in Japan, and nationwide, SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing was started. For further validation, the assays were compared with the commercially available kits using SARS CoV-2 viral RNA and the clinical specimens obtained from COVID19-suspected individuals. The LightMix Modular SARS and Wuhan CoV E-gene (LN S&W-E) assay was highly sensitive for SARS-CoV-2, as was the N2 set, and both assays had perfectly consistent results with the clinical specimens. While the LM S&W-E set targets the highly conserved region of the E gene in SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, the N2 set was designed to target the unique region in the SARS-CoV-2 N gene. Thus, the N2 set has high specificity and sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 detection. These indicate that the protocol using the N and N2 sets is comparable to commercially available kits and is reliable for the laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19.

著者

Satoru Mitsuboshi Junichiro Date Naoki Tsuruma Hirokazu Yamaga Kazuya Watanabe Hiroko Kijima Manami Nakashita Hiroki Hosokawa Masami Tsugita

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2020.589, (Released:2020-10-30)

参考文献数

14

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The prevalence of quinolone- and macrolide-resistant Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is increasing worldwide, but the relationship between GBS resistance to these antibiotics and patient outcome remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated whether blood stream infection caused by quinolone- or macrolide-resistant GBS is associated with high mortality. Our findings in 77 patients with GBS bacteremia demonstrate that quinolone and macrolide resistance may not be risk factors for 30-day mortality.

著者

Wataru Hayashi Masaki Iimura Kazuki Horiuchi Eriko Arai Tatsuya Natori Shin Suzuki Go Matsumoto Katsutoshi Izumi Satoshi Yoshida Yukiko Nagano Noriyuki Nagano

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2020.806, (Released:2020-11-30)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

2

著者

Osamu Matsuoka Daisuke Tsuzuki Katsuhisa Suzuki Tomoyuki Tanaka Yoshiharu Takagi Philipp Oster

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2020.411, (Released:2020-10-30)

参考文献数

17

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The quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine (Men-ACWY-D) is licensed in Japan since 2014. An earlier registration study demonstrated the immunogenicity of one dose in Japanese adults. Immunogenicity against serogroup C was lowest. Determination of the potential to increase the serogroup C response with a second dose was of interest. This study (NCT02591290) evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of two doses administered eight weeks apart to 60 healthy Japanese adults aged 20–55 years. Blood samples were collected 28–35 days after each vaccination. Immunogenicity endpoints included seroprotection and seroconversion rates. Safety assessments included systemic adverse events (AEs), non-serious AEs, and serious AEs. Fifty-eight (96.7%) participants completed the study. Seroprotection rates for serogroups A, C, W, and Y before vaccination were 76.8%, 26.8%, 26.8%, and 50.0%, increasing to 100%, 83.9%, 91.1%, and 96.4% and 100%, 92.9%, 94.6%, and 94.6%, respectively, after two doses. Seroconversion rates for the four serogroups were 100%, 93.8%, 97.1%, and 94.1% after the first dose and 100%, 96.9%, 100%, and 100% after the second. Increases between doses were insignificant. There were no safety concerns. The two-dose series is well tolerated but clinical benefit of a second dose within 8 weeks seemed to be low.

著者

Shuo Yan Hui Chen Ru-ming Xie Chun-shuang Guan Ming Xue Zhi-bin Lv Lian-gui Wei Yan Bai Bu-dong Chen

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2020.264, (Released:2020-06-30)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

2

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Eleven asymptomatic carriers who received nasal or throat swab test for SARS-CoV-2 after close contacts with patients who developed symptomatic 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were enrolled in this study. The chest CT images of enrolled patients were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. There were 3 (27.3%) patients had normal first chest CT, two of which were under age of 15 years. Lesions in 2 (18.2%) patients involved one lobe with unifocal presence. Subpleural lesions were seen in 7 (63.6%) patients. Ground glass opacity (GGO) was the most common sign observed in 7 (63.6%) patients. Crazy-paving pattern and consolidation were detected in 2 (18.2%) and 4 (36.4%) cases, respectively. Based on deep learning quantitative analysis, volume of intrapulmonary lesions on first CT scans was 85.73±84.46 cm3. In patients with positive findings on CT images, average interval days between positive real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay and peak volume on CT images were 5.1±3.1 days. In conclusion, typical CT findings can be detected in over 70% of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers. It mainly starts as GGO along subpleural regions and bronchi, and absorbs in nearly 5 days.

著者

Takuhiro Hashiyama Nobuaki Mori Yasuto Fukushima Takashi Takahashi

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.5, pp.373-376, 2020-09-30 (Released:2020-09-24)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

3

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We report a case of non-necrotizing soft tissue infection and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) caused by a novel emm subtype (emm76.10) of group A Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS). A 54-year-old Japanese woman suffering from fever, fatigue, and lower abdominal pain along with erythema for 3 days was admitted to our hospital. Additionally, she presented with hypotension and multiple organ failure. Exploratory incision was performed due to the presence of STSS and for an examination of the necrotizing soft tissue infection from her lower abdomen to the left thigh. Tissue cultures from the exudates and fascia yielded positive results for GAS growth, although blood cultures returned as negative. After 15 days of antimicrobial therapy, she recovered fully without any complications. Genotyping of the isolate indicated a novel emm subtype (emm76.10), with 5 amino acid substitutions in the emm76.0 subtype sequence and the full-length sequence of 780 bp. This isolate was resistant to tetracyclines, macrolides-lincosamides, and fluoroquinolones, owing to the presence of antibiotic resistance determinants, tet(M) and erm(B), and point mutations, Ser79Phe/Ser81Phe, in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of parC/gyrA. In conclusion, our observations suggest the importance of early-stage exploratory incision and drainage from the infected region for the isolation and characterization of causative bacteria to facilitate selection of appropriate antibiotics for treatment.

著者

Takeshi Hatta Kenkichi Imamura Takehisa Yamamoto Makoto Matsubayashi Naotoshi Tsuji Toshiyuki Tsutsui

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.2, pp.219-220, 2017 (Released:2017-03-24)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1 4

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This study presents the results of a large-scale, one-year survey of Trichinella spp. in Japanese wild boars (Sus scrofa). We analyzed the tongues of 1,168 wild boars captured by hunters in 30 prefectures of Japan, most of which were boar habitats, from October 2014 to January 2015. The samples were digested, and the prevalence of Trichinella spp. muscle larvae was examined. Examination of pooled samples from 10 individuals (15 g per head) or 117 randomly selected samples (10% of the total number of samples) that were individually processed showed no larval infection. Thus, our data suggests that Japanese wild boars do not play a major role in the sylvatic cycle of Trichinella parasites.

著者

Kazuya Shirato Naganori Nao Shutoku Matsuyama Makoto Takeda Tsutomu Kageyama

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2020.324, (Released:2020-06-30)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

13

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The disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 is currently spreading rapidly worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 is usually detected via real-time RT-PCR. However, as institutions/hospitals deal with increasing numbers of specimens, a simpler detection system is required. Here, we present an ultra-rapid, real-time RT-PCR assay for SARS-CoV-2 using the PCR1100 device. Although this tests only one specimen at any one time, the amplification period is <20 min, with maintenance of the sensitivity and specificity of conventional real-time RT-PCR performed using large instruments. The method will be very helpful if SARS-CoV-2 testing is required a few times daily, for example to confirm virus-free status prior to discharge.

著者

Satoru Mitsuboshi Naoki Tsuruma Kazuya Watanabe Shigehiro Takahashi Atsuko Ito Manami Nakashita Mitsuyuki Suzuki Kenichi Kobayashi Masami Tsugita

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.4, pp.JJID.2019.411, 2020-07-22 (Released:2020-07-22)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

3

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A 5-year multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted across six hospitals in Niigata, Japan. Patients (n = 179) with bacteremia due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)producing organisms were included in the study. The rates of appropriate carbapenem prescription were 61% (n = 41) in patients aged 65–84 years and 89% (n = 31) in those aged ≥ 85 years. Patients aged ≥ 85 years were significantly more likely to receive carbapenem than their younger counterparts. After propensity score matching, 65 patients were assigned to two groups based on age (65–84 years or ≥ 85 years). Multivariate regression analysis showed that other sites of infection had a positive association with 30-day mortality (odds ratio [OR], 27.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.90–260.00) and biliary tract infection tended to have a positive association with 30-day mortality (OR, 8.90; 95% CI, 0.88– 89.90) compared with urinary tract infection. However, an age ≥ 85 years was not associated with 30-day mortality. Elderly patients aged ≥ 85 years were more likely to be treated with carbapenem; however, old age was not associated with 30-day mortality when bacteremia was caused by ESBLproducing organisms. These results may help clinicians justify withholding carbapenem in patients aged ≥ 85 years.

著者

Alfonso Ilardi Sergio Chieffi Alessandro Iavarone Ciro Rosario Ilardi

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2020.200, (Released:2020-06-30)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

27

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Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 epidemic in China, elderly and multimorbid subjects showed a higher mortality rate. However, other factors could influence the mortality and the spread of contagion such as the population density. An archival research based on the Italian data stratified by region was performed in order to quantify the association between the population density, ageing index, number of positive cases, number of deaths, case-fatality rate, and medical equipment (gloves, masks, and ventilators). Results showed a significant positive linear relationship between the population density and cases, deaths, and case-fatality rate. No correlation with the ageing index was shown. Furthermore, we found a significant positive correlation between the number of medical supplies and population density, cases, and deaths. However, the medical supplies did not show any correlation with the case-fatality rate. Taken together, these findings suggest that the population density and the lack of medical equipment are key factors explaining morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in Italy.

著者

Jie Huang Jianping Ding

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2020.098, (Released:2020-05-29)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1

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The number of reported cases of the new coronavirus disease named “severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2” (SARS-CoV-2) has increased since December 2019. The initial high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images of seven patients with diagnosed COVID-19 in the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, China, were collected and analyzed. The study showed that all patients had close contact with COVID-19 patient and presented with fever. The initial white blood cell counts of all patients were normal. The percentage of lymphocytes decreased in three patients. In all seven patients with COVID-19, ground glass opacity (GGO) was found in the HRCT images, mainly distributed in the subpleural region of the lungs. The HRCT scans of six patients showed bilateral lobar lesions, mainly peripheral subpleural distribution; one patients showed unilateral lobar involvement. The right lung was more extensively involved than the left lung in six patients, and the lower lobe was more extensively involved than the upper lobe in five patients. The initial chest HRCT images of the lungs of COVID-19 patients had specific characteristics; the typical manifestations of the bilateral lungs showed extensive GGO-type infiltrate, with thickened vascular bundles and focal center consolidation. Pleural effusion, bilateral hilar, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy were rare.

著者

Hiroyuki Wakiguchi Yasuhiro Okamoto Manaka Matsunaga Yuichi Kodama Akinori Miyazono Shunji Seki Naohiro Ikeda Yoshifumi Kawano

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.5, pp.424-425, 2016 (Released:2016-09-21)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2 4

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Cat scratch disease (CSD) is an infectious disease caused by Bartonella henselae. Atypical clinical presentations of CSD include prolonged fever and multiple hepatosplenic lesions. Furthermore, multiple renal lesions are extremely rare in CSD. An 11-year-old Japanese girl presented at our hospital with a prolonged fever of unknown cause after being scratched and bitten by a kitten. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed multiple small, round hypodense lesions in both kidneys and the spleen. Based on her history and the CT results, her diagnosis was CSD. The diagnosis was confirmed by serological tests, which indicated antibodies against B. henselae. After treatment with azithromycin, her fever immediately improved. Careful history taking and imaging are essential for the diagnosis of atypical CSD. In CT images, not only hepatosplenic lesions but also renal lesions are important features indicative of a diagnosis of atypical CSD. Subsequently, a diagnosis of CSD can be confirmed by specific serological tests. This is the first reported Japanese case of multiple renal and splenic lesions in a patient with CSD. Although difficult to diagnose, an early diagnosis atypical CSD and appropriate treatment are important to prevent complications and the need for invasive examinations.

著者

Larissa Moraes dos Santos Fonseca Rejane Hughes Carvalho Antonio Carlos Bandeira Silvia Ines Sardi Gubio Soares Campos

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2019.296, (Released:2019-11-29)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

8

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Oropouche Virus (OROV) is a single-stranded negative-sense RNA arbovirus transmitted to humans by the midge Culicoides paraenesis causing a disease known as Oropouche fever. In Brazil, outbreaks of the virus have been reported to be restricted to the Central-Northern region of the country. However, its incidence is underestimated mainly due to the virus clinical similarities with other arbovirus diseases including dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV), and zika (ZIKV), and the lack of specific diagnostic tests. Here, we report for the first time OROV detection in saliva and urine samples and the first cases of OROV autochthone infections in Metropolitan region of Salvador, Bahia a Northeastern capital in the coast of Brazil. Serum, saliva and urine samples negative for DENV, CHIKV, and ZIKV were tested for OROV using a RT-nested-PCR protocol in which we found two positive samples of serum, two of saliva and one of urine. This report shows the need for an efficient surveillance system to control the spread of this virus in the population and suggests the use of saliva and urine samples as an alternative for the detection of OROV when serum samples are not available.

著者

Kouji Kida Yasuhiro Matsuoka Tetsuya Shimoda Hiroaki Matsuoka Haruto Yamada Takashi Saito Osamu Imataki Norimitsu Kadowaki Keita Noguchi Ken Maeda Yasushi Mochizuki Toshio Kishimoto

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.5, pp.356-358, 2019 (Released:2019-09-19)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

67

著者

Kazuya Shirato Naganori Nao Shutoku Matsuyama Tsutomu Kageyama

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2019.400, (Released:2019-12-25)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

25

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Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is usually diagnosed through highly sensitive and specific genetic tests such as real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Currently, two real-time RT-PCR assays targeting the upE and ORF1a regions of the MERS-CoV genome are widely used and are the standard assays recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The MERS outbreaks to date suggest that rapid diagnosis and subsequent isolation of infected patients, particularly superspreaders, are critical for containment. However, conventional real-time RT-PCR assays require large laboratory instruments, and amplification takes approximately 2 h. These are disadvantages for rapid diagnosis. Here, an ultra-rapid real-time RT-PCR test was established: a multiplex assay for upE and ORF1a running on the mobile PCR1100 device. As few as five copies of MERS-CoV RNA can be detected within 20 min using the WHO standard assays with similar sensitivity and specificity to those of a conventional real-time PCR instrument such as the LightCyler, enabling timely intervention to control MERS-CoV infection.

著者

Md Shafiullah Parvej Md Ashraful Alam Mio Shono Mst Nusrat Zahan Mst Misrat Masuma Parvez Wahedul Karim Ansari Md Sayduzzaman Jowel Md Sharif Uddin Eriko Kage-Nakadai Md Tanvir Rahman Yoshikazu Nishikawa

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.1, pp.76-82, 2020 (Released:2020-01-23)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

4

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Using multiplex real-time PCR, 960 fecal samples collected from poultry, cattle, and patients with diarrhea in Bangladesh were screened for diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC). The invasion-related gene virB showed the highest prevalence in human patients (41%) and was shown to be positively correlated first with afaB with regards to diffuse adhesion and second with aggR with regards to aggregative adhesion. These three genes were specific to human patients. In contrast, the Shiga toxin genes stx1 (57%) and stx2 (40%) were prevalent in cattle samples. The eae gene, which is associated with attaching and effacing lesion formation, and the elt and est genes, which are associated with enterotoxins, were detected from all three sample sources. Heat map construction and hierarchical clustering assigned the samples into five different clusters, with the patient samples positive for virB and afaB being placed together in one cluster. Although the detection of virulence genes cannot be a direct indication of the distribution of diarrheagenic organisms, their detection suggests that Shigella spp. or enteroinvasive E. coli are the most prevalent diarrheagenic bacteria in Bangladesh and that diffusely adherent E. coli is concomitantly present with these bacteria. eae-possessing organisms in patients may come from cattle and poultry sources. The small number of stx-positive patients could be explained by the small number of animal samples that were positive for both eae and stx.

著者

Qing He Chuanfei Yu Lan Wang Yongbo Ni Heng Zhang Ying Du Hua Gao Junzhi Wang

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2019.163, (Released:2019-10-31)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

3

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Fever is a systemic inflammatory response of the body to pyrogens. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a central signalling molecule that causes the excessive secretion of various proinflammatory factors induced by pyrogens. This study explored the feasibility of a novel reporter gene assay (RGA) for pyrogen detection using RAW264.7 cells stably transfected with the NF-κB reporter gene as a pyrogenic marker. The RGA could detect different types of pyrogens, including the lipopolysaccharide of gram-negative bacteria, the lipoteichoic acid of gram-positive bacteria, and the zymosan of fungi, and a good dose-effect relationship was observed in terms of NF-κB activity. The limits of detection of the RGA to those pyrogens were 0.03 EU/ml, 0.001 μg/ml, and 1μg/ml, respectively. The method had good precision and accuracy and could be applied to many products [e.g., nivolumab, rituximab, bevacizumab, etanercept, basiliximab, Haemophilus influenza type b conjugate vaccine, 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, group A and group C meningococcal conjugate vaccine, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (acellular, component), poliomyelitis (inactivated) vaccine, and imject alum adjuvant]. The results of this study suggest that the novel RGA has a wide pyrogen detection spectrum and is sufficiently sensitive, stable, and accurate for various applications.

著者

Hiroshi Yoshikura

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2015.420, (Released:2016-01-08)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2 5

著者

Fumihiko Takeuchi Tsuyoshi Sekizuka Akifumi Yamashita Yumiko Ogasawara Katsumi Mizuta Makoto Kuroda

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.62-65, 2014 (Released:2014-01-22)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

21 38

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Next-generation DNA sequencing technologies have led to a new method of identifying the causative agents of infectious diseases. The analysis comprises three steps. First, DNA/RNA is extracted and extensively sequenced from a specimen that includes the pathogen, human tissue and commensal microorganisms. Second, the sequenced reads are matched with a database of known sequences, and the organisms from which the individual reads were derived are inferred. Last, the percentages of the organisms' genomic sequences in the specimen (i.e., the metagenome) are estimated, and the pathogen is identified. The first and last steps have become easy due to the development of benchtop sequencers and metagenomic software. To facilitate the middle step, which requires computational resources and skill, we developed a cloud-computing pipeline, MePIC: “Metagenomic Pathogen Identification for Clinical specimens.” In the pipeline, unnecessary bases are trimmed off the reads, and human reads are removed. For the remaining reads, similar sequences are searched in the database of known nucleotide sequences. The search is drastically sped up by using a cloud-computing system. The webpage interface can be used easily by clinicians and epidemiologists. We believe that the use of the MePIC pipeline will promote metagenomic pathogen identification and improve the understanding of infectious diseases.

著者

Shinya Murata Yuzuru Takeuchi Kou Yamanaka Jun Hayakawa Masashige Yoshida Ruriko Yokokawa Akira Wakana Miyuki Sawata Yoshiyuki Tanaka

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2018.448, (Released:2019-05-31)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

3

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Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated disease is common among men with HPV infection. A quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccine has demonstrated 85.9% efficacy against HPV6/11/16/18-related persistent (≥6 month) infection in a study of Japanese men aged 16–26 yr. Here, we report results of an open-label study of the immunogenicity and tolerability of the qHPV vaccine (NCT02576054), conducted to bridge findings in Japanese men to Japanese boys aged 9–15 yr. A total of 100 boys completed a three-vaccination regimen (Day 1, Months 2, and 6), and 99 boys were included in the primary analysis population. The rate of seroconversion at 1 month after vaccine Dose 3 (Month 7) was high for each vaccine HPV type (anti-HPV6/11/16/18 seroconversion rates [95% CI]: 94.9% [85.5%, 98.3%], 99.0% [94.4%, 100.0%], 99.0% [94.5%, 100.0%], and 99.0% [94.4%, 100.0%], respectively) and anti-HPV6/11/16/18 geometric mean titers were 482.9 mMU/mL, 1052.8 mMU/mL, 3878.3 mMU/mL, and 1114.5 mMU/mL, respectively. Immune responses to qHPV vaccine were non-inferior among Japanese boys included in the current study compared with young Japanese men in a separate study. Injection-site reactions were the most common adverse events, and administration of the vaccine was well tolerated in Japanese boys.