著者

Kana IOKU Yuka AOYAMA Ayaka TOKUNO Junji TERAO Nobuji NAKATANI Yoko TAKEI

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.78-83, 2001 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

51 83

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Onion is a major source of flavonoids and is cooked in various ways in the world. The major flavonoids in onion are two quercetin glycosides, quercetin 4'-O-β-gluco-side (Q4'G) and quercetin 3, 4'-Oβ-diglucosides (Q3, 4'G), which are recognized as bioac-tive substances that are good for our health. We have investigated the effect of cooking pro-cedures on the content of antioxidants. We selected quercetin conjugates, total phenol com-pounds, and ascorbic acid to estimate the amount of flavonoid ingestion from onion. We ex-amined the following cooking methods; boiling, frying with oil and butter, and microwave cooking. Various cooking methods do not consider the degradation of quercetin conjugates when cooking onion. Microwave cooking without water better retains flavonoids and ascor-bic acid. Frying does not affect flavonoid intake. The boiling of onion leads to about 30% loss of quercetin glycosides, which transfers to the boiling water. At that time, the effect of addi-tives on the quercetin conjugates is different according to the compounds. The hydrolysis of quercetin glycosides for daily cooking might occur with the addition of seasonings such as glutamic acid. Additional ferrous ions accelerated the loss of flavonoids.

著者

Tsutomu FUKUWATARI Erina YOSHIDA Kei TAKAHASHI Katsumi SHIBATA

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.1, pp.19-26, 2010 (Released:2010-03-31)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

9 14

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Recent studies showed that the urinary excretion of the water-soluble vitamins can be useful as a nutritional index. To determine how fasting affects urinary excretion of water-soluble vitamins, a human study and an animal experiment were conducted. In the human study, the 24-h urinary excretion of water-soluble vitamins in 12 healthy Japanese adults fasting for a day was measured. One-day fasting drastically decreased urinary thiamin content to 30%, and increased urinary riboflavin content by 3-fold. Other water-soluble vitamin contents did not show significant change by fasting. To further investigate the alterations of water-soluble vitamin status by starvation, rats were starved for 3 d, and water-soluble vitamin contents in the liver, blood and urine were measured during starvation. Urinary excretion of thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6 metabolite 4-pyridoxic acid, nicotinamide metabolites and folate decreased during starvation, but that of vitamin B12, pantothenic acid and biotin did not. As for blood vitamin levels, only blood vitamin B1, plasma PLP and plasma folate levels decreased with starvation. All water-soluble vitamin contents in the liver decreased during starvation, whereas vitamin concentrations in the liver did not decrease. Starvation decreased only concentrations of vitamin B12 and folate in the skeletal muscle. These results suggest that water-soluble vitamins were released from the liver, and supplied to the peripheral tissues to maintain vitamin nutrition. Our human study also suggested that the effect of fasting should be taken into consideration for subjects showing low urinary thiamin and high urinary riboflavin.

著者

Jae-Sung LEE Nese SREENIVASULU Ruaraidh Sackville HAMILTON Ajay KOHLI

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.Supplement, pp.S26-S28, 2019-10-11 (Released:2019-10-16)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

26

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As a staple food crop rice caters to the energy needs of more than 4 billion people around the globe. Since the 1980s, rice breeding focused on breeding for superior grain quality with good texture, taste, palatability and aroma. The recent rise in double burden nutrition challenges suggests that there is a pressing need to focus on incorporating nutritional traits also in rice breeding efforts. The present rice based diet contains nutritional gaps mainly due to the milling process which removes health promoting compounds present in rice bran. Therefore, less milled or brown rice consumption is highly recommended to achieve nutrition sustainability. Brown rice contains relatively higher amounts of dietary fibre, moderate amount of proteins, unsaturated lipids, micronutrients and several bioactive compounds. Some landraces consumed as brown rice have low glycemic index properties; hence they might be helpful to counter the growing type II diabetes. Colored rice varieties with red or purple pericarps are known to possess high levels of bioactive compounds such as cyanidin-3-glucoside, various flavanoids and γ-oryzanol. Germinated brown rice has more potential health benefits, for example, 10-fold of γ-aminobutyric acid than milled rice. For future nutritional intervention, we recommend further explorations into the nutritional value of brown rice as well as to modify the endosperm for enhanced nutrition without altering the texture to ensure consumer acceptance.

著者

Yasuhiro ICHIDA Naoto HOSOKAWA Ryushi TAKEMOTO Takafumi KOIKE Tasuku NAKATOGAWA Mayumi HIRANUMA Hitoshi ARAKAWA Yukihito MIURA Hiroko AZABU Shuichi OHTOMO Naoshi HORIBA

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.1, pp.60-67, 2020-02-29 (Released:2020-02-29)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

9

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A treatment for hyperphosphatemia would be expected to reduce mortality rates for CKD and dialysis patients. Although rodent studies have suggested sodium-dependent phosphate transporter type IIb (NaPi-IIb) as a potential target for hyperphosphatemia, NaPi-IIb selective inhibitors failed to achieve efficacy in human clinical trials. In this study, we analyzed phosphate metabolism in rats, dogs, and monkeys to confirm the species differences. Factors related to phosphate metabolism were measured and intestinal phosphate absorption rate was calculated from fecal excretion in each species. Phosphate uptake by intestinal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) and the mRNA expression of NaPi-IIb, PiT-1, and PiT-2 were analyzed. In addition, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was evaluated. The intestinal phosphate absorption rate, including phosphate uptake by BBMV and NaPi-IIb expression, was the highest in dogs. Notably, urinary phosphate excretion was the lowest in monkeys, and their intestinal phosphate absorption rate was by far the lowest. Dogs and rats showed positive correlations between Vmax/Km of phosphate uptake in BBMV and NaPi-IIb expression. Although phosphate uptake was observed in the BBMV of monkeys, NaPi-IIb expression was not detected and ALP activity was low. This study revealed significant species differences in intestinal phosphate absorption. NaPi-IIb contributes to intestinal phosphate uptake in rats and dogs. However, in monkeys, phosphate is poorly absorbed due to the slight degradation of organic phosphate in the intestine.

著者

Fumio WATANABE Yuri TANIOKA Emi MIYAMOTO Tomoyuki FUJITA Hiroyuki TAKENAKA Yoshihisa NAKANO

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.183-186, 2007 (Released:2008-01-10)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

15 19

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Vitamin B12 content (98.8±5.6 μg/100 g dry weight) of an edible cyanobacterium, Nostoc commune (Ishikurage) was determined by the Lactobacillus delbrueckii ATCC 7830 microbiological method. Bioautography with vitamin B12-dependent Escherichia coli 215 indicated that N. commune contained two (main and minor) corrinoid-compounds. These corrinoid-compounds were purified to homogeneity from the dried algal cells and characterized. The main and minor purified corrinoid-compounds were identified as pseudovitamin B12 and vitamin B12, respectively, on the basis of silica gel 60 TLC, C18 reversed-phase HPLC, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy. These results suggest that the bacterial cells are not suitable for use as a vitamin B12 source, especially in vegetarians.

著者

Natsuki TSUJITA Yasunori AKAMATSU Márcio Makoto NISHIDA Tatsuya HAYASHI Toshio MORITANI

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.6, pp.507-514, 2019-12-31 (Released:2019-12-31)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

13

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Tryptophan (TRP), a precursor of serotonin is believed to have an antidepressant effect. The pathway for brain uptake of TRP is shared by other large neutral amino acids; therefore, the best time to take TRP may be between meals. No previous study has, however, designated the time of TRP dosing to improve mood. Further, the effects of TRP on autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity are unclear. This study investigated the effects of TRP, vitamin B6, and nicotinamide-containing supplements loading between meals on mood and ANS activity in depressive young adults. Thirty depressive young adults were randomly allocated to receive TRP, vitamin B6, and nicotinamide-containing supplements or a placebo supplements twice daily between meals for 7 d. Mood was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Profile of Mood States (POMS). ANS activities were analyzed by heart rate variability power spectral analysis. Blood samples were assayed for plasma total TRP concentration. For analysis, TRP and placebo groups were further classified into two subgroups according to CES-D score (mild to moderate vs. severe depressive symptoms). The CES-D score significantly improved following both treatments in the severe depression subgroups, while the POMS depression score was significantly improved only in the TRP severe depression subgroup. There was no significant change in ANS activity or plasma total TRP in any group. TRP, vitamin B6, and nicotinamide-containing supplements loading between meals can quickly improve depressed mood in quite low dose in young adults with severe subclinical depression.

著者

Shin-Ichiro KARAKI

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.6, pp.498-506, 2019-12-31 (Released:2019-12-31)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

1

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Diarrhea is the most common complication of enteral nutrition (EN). Pro/prebiotics are typically used to prevent diarrhea during EN. This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of enteral formula containing fermented dairy products (FDPs) and galacto-oligosaccharides on intestinal mucosal functions in rats. After feeding rats with regular rodent chow (RRC), standard formula (STD-F), and FDP-containing formula (FDP-F) for 2 wk, the rats were sacrificed with their intestines removed. Then, the electrophysiological properties of intestinal epithelia were measured using the Ussing chamber. In addition, organic acids and microbiota in the cecal contents were analyzed. In FDP-F-fed rats, electrical nerve activation-evoked increase in short-circuit current (Isc) in the cecum and middle colon was reduced compared with STD-F-fed rats. Mucosal propionate-evoked changes in Isc in FDP-F-fed rats were also reduced in the terminal ileum. The total cecal organic acid concentration in STD-F-fed rats decreased compared with RRC-fed rats, and approximately half was recovered in FDP-F-fed rats, which contributed to the recovery of acetate and butyrate concentrations. In microbiota analysis, the density of total bacteria, particularly Bifidobacterium, in cecal contents increased in FDP-F-fed rats. In conclusion, the consumption of FDP-F changed the total amounts and components of gut microbiota and organic acids, and resulted in inhibitory changes in mucosal luminal stimulant- and nervous system-mediated fluid secretory function. These findings suggest that FDP-F might prevent the incidence of diarrhea during EN.

著者

斉藤 慎一 吉武 裕 鈴木 正成

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.45-52, 1983 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

10 11

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A possibility whether an oral feeding of citrate, which has been reported to inhibit phosphofructokinase in vitro, following exercise to exhaustion could increase the rate of glycogen repletion in liver and soleus muscle was tested in treadmill running trained (experiments 1 and 2) and swimming trained rats (experiment 3). An exhaustive running or swimming was loaded at the end of the experiments, resulting in a significant reduction in liver and soleus muscle glycogen stores. The feeding of 1.0 and 0.5g of citrate per kg of body weight just after the exhaustive running could significantly increase the liver glycogen repletion during a 2-hr recovery period, but this was not observed in soleus muscle (experiment 1). As compared with a single feeding of 3.3g of glucose per kg of body weight, a mixed feeding of 0.5g of citrate and 3.0g of glucose after an exhaustive running (experiment 2) and swimming (experiment 3) could significantly enhance the repletion of glycogen stores in both liver and soleus muscle. These results clearly indicate that the postexercise feeding of citrate can stimulate the glycogen repletion in liver and skeletal muscle during an early period of recovery.

著者

Wataru IMAMURA Ryoji YOSHIMURA Marie TAKAI Junki YAMAMURA Ryuhei KANAMOTO Hisanori KATO

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.45-55, 2013 (Released:2013-03-28)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

10 13

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The present study was conducted to identify reliable gene biomarkers for the adverse effects of excessive leucine (Leu) in Sprague-Dawley rats by DNA microarray. It has long been known that the adverse effects of excessive amino acid intake depend on dietary protein levels. Male rats were divided into 12 groups (n=6) and fed for 1 wk a diet containing low (6%), moderate (12%) or high (40%) protein. Different levels of Leu (0, 2, 4, and 8%) were added to the diets. Consumption of diets containing more than 4% Leu in 6% protein resulted in growth retardation and reduced liver weight, whereas the administration of the same dose of Leu with 12% or 40% protein did not affect them. By a process of systematic data extraction, 6 candidate gene markers were identified. The liver gene expression data obtained from another experiment with 0, 2, 3, 4, and 8% Leu in a low-protein diet was used to examine the validity of these biomarker candidates with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. All of AUC values of the biomarker candidates were more than 0.700, suggesting the effectiveness of the marker candidates as the indices of Leu excess. The cut-off value for the ROC curve of the gene-marker panel, which was obtained by multiple regression analysis of gene markers, indicated that Leu levels higher than 3% have adverse effects. In conclusion, the gene-marker panel suggested that for male rats dietary Leu supplementation of 2% is the NOAEL dose in low-protein (6%) diets.

著者

香川 靖雄 西沢 正豊 鈴木 実 宮武 正 浜本 敏郎 後藤 公彦 本永 英治 泉川 寛元 平田 晴男 海老原 昭夫

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.4, pp.441-453, 1982 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

164 230

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Japanese are unique among the peoples of developed count-ries in having a high intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (C 20:5) from fresh fish and this may in part contribute to their low incidence of cardiovas-cular diseases. Mass spectroscopic analyses of eicosapolyenoic acids (C 20:3, C 20:4 and C 20:5) were carried out on the serum of aged persons living on Kohama island in Okinawa and known to have the lowest incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Japan. All but 4 of the 77 persons examined (73.94±7.81 years old) led active fishing-farming lives. The total amount of eicosapolyenoic acids in the serum of persons on Kohama island (46.77±7.46 mg/ 100 ml) was higher (p<0.001) than that in people on mainland Japan, owing to the higher intake of fresh fish (147.7g/day). A positive correlation (p<0.01) was found between serum C 20: 5 concentration (6.82+2.54 mg/100 ml) and high density lipoprotein concentration (55.38±13.83 mg/100 ml). In addition, there were positive correlations (p<0.01) between serum C 20: 3 concentration (6.58+1.61 mg/100 ml) and total cholesterol (188.60±32.30 mg/ 100 ml), and triglyceride and skinfold thickness. The blood pressure level (p<0.01), incidence of abnormal ECG (p<0.05), and salt intake (6.2-8.3g/ day) estimated from urinalysis, were all lower than the average figures for Japanese of similar ages. No persons examined showed Q-wave on ECG. The percentage of smokers and drinkers were similar for Kohama island and mainland Japan.

著者

Kazue KOSAKA Sachiko YAMASHITA Chinatsu ANDO Yoriaki ENDO Keiko TANIGUCHI Shigeshi KIKUNAGA

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.5, pp.420-430, 2013 (Released:2014-01-14)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

6 15

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the zinc nutritional status and the factors associated with serum zinc concentration in the elderly patients in two nursing facilities: body mass index (BMI), the level of care, the grade of bedriddenness, and the grade of cognitive function. The estimations of the hematological constituents, physical index, and dietary survey were made based on the examination carried out of the 26 disabled elderly patients (male 6, female 20, mean age 90±6 y). The results obtained from this study can be summarized as follows: 1) The low activities of daily living (ADL) group showed a low level of serum zinc concentration, although the uptake rate of zinc by subjects was shown to be high when compared to the Dietary Reference Intakes 2010. 2) The high ADL group showed a high level of serum zinc concentration. 3) The results of multiple regression analysis among the serum zinc concentration, the determined serum ingredients, and the physical characteristics showed the significant correlation of serum zinc concentration against the BMI, the level of care, height, Alb and iron values. 4) The BMI, the level of care, the grade of bedriddenness, and the grade of cognitive function of the subjects changed according to the zinc nutritional status. These results suggested that the actual requirements of zinc of the subjects were different according to the BMI, the level of care, the grade of bedriddenness, and the grade of cognitive function.

著者

Tatsuya SUGAWARA Kazuhiko AIDA Jingjing DUAN Nami TOMONAGA Yuki MANABE Takashi HIRATA

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.Supplement, pp.S228-S230, 2019-10-11 (Released:2019-10-16)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

7

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Sphingolipids recently attract more attentions because of their distinctiveness on structures and expected functions. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry is one of the most powerful methods for the identification of chemical structures of sphingolipids. Glucosylceramides prepared from various foodstuffs including rice are generally used for functional foods and their structures are quite different from mammals. For structural analysis of glucosylceramides by LC-MS/MS, the typical signals which are characteristic for the sphingoid base moieties can be obtained as product ions. Using this method for rice and maize, glucosylceramides containing 4,8-sphingadienine (d18:2) acylated to hydroxy-fatty acids were detected as the predominant molecules. In addition, the presence of the triene type of sphingoid base (sphingatrienine, d18:3) in rice and maize was also emphasized.

著者

Shiying LIU Yuxiu LIU Bo WAN Haoyang ZHANG Sumei WU Zheng ZHU Yanjie LIN Mingfang WANG Nanwen ZHANG Su LIN Yueyong ZHU

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.4, pp.303-308, 2019-08-31 (Released:2019-08-31)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

26

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The relationship between vitamin D levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unestablished. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between vitamin D levels and NAFLD based on population survey data. This cross-sectional study was conducted based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Liver steatosis was diagnosed by ultrasonography. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between vitamin D status and NAFLD. A total of 9,782 participants were identified in this analysis, with 46.8% male and an average age of 44.41±0.16 y old. Among them, 6,047 (61.8%) cases were without NAFLD, 1,357 (13.9%) had mild NAFLD, 1,594 (16.3%) had moderate and 784 (8.0%) had severe NAFLD. Compared to those with non-NAFLD or mild NAFLD, patients in the moderate to severe NAFLD group had higher vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency rates (12.4% vs 11.5% and 36.8% vs 33.2%, respectively). After adjustment for male gender, older age, race, BMI, history of diabetes and vitamin D intake, vitamin D levels were independently associated with the severity of NAFLD (vitamin D deficiency group OR: 1.314, 95% CI: 1.129 to 1.529, vitamin D insufficiency group OR: 1.203, 95% CI: 1.090 to 1.328). Besides that, cold season was also found to be an independent factor for NAFLD (OR: 0.896, 95% CI: 0.820 to 0.979). Lower vitamin D level is an independent risk factor for NAFLD. Vitamin D levels are inversely associated with the severity of NAFLD. Cold season increases the risk of NAFLD independently.

著者

Sho NISHIKAWA Misa KAMIYA Hiroki AOYAMA Kazuki YOSHIMURA Ryo MIYATA Shigenori KUMAZAWA Takanori TSUDA

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.4, pp.328-334, 2019-08-31 (Released:2019-08-31)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

9

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Classical brown adipocytes, characterized by interscapular depots, have multilocular fat depots and are known to release excess energy. Recent studies have shown that induction of brown-like adipocytes, also referred to as beige or brite cells, in white adipose tissue (WAT) results in the release of excess energy through mitochondrial heat production via uncoupling protein 1. This has potential a therapeutic strategy for obesity and related diseases as well as classical brown adipocytes. In our previous studies, we found that artepillin C (ArtC, 10 mg/kg body weight), a characteristic constituent of Brazilian propolis, significantly induced the development of brown-like adipocytes in inguinal WAT (iWAT) of mice. Furthermore, we recently demonstrated that curcumin (Cur, 4.5 mg/kg) also significantly induced the development of brown-like adipocytes in mice. The combined administration of several food-derived factors can enhance their bioactivity and reduce their required functional doses. In this study, we showed that co-administration of Cur and ArtC at lower doses (Cur, 1.5 mg/kg; ArtC, 5 mg/kg) additively induce brown-like adipocyte development in mouse iWAT. Moreover, this induction is associated with the localized production of norepinephrine following accumulation of alternatively activated macrophages in iWAT. These findings suggest that co-administration of Cur and ArtC is significantly effective to reduce the dose and enhance the formation of brown-like adipocyte via a unique molecular mechanism.

著者

ONGROONGRUANGI Savanit TANPHAICHITR Vichai

出版者

一般財団法人 学会誌刊行センター

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.4, pp.275-280, 1987

被引用文献数

1

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Essential fatty acid (EFA) status was assessed in 15 Southern Thai preschool children. The mean (&plusmn; SD) serum linoleate (18: 2 <i>n</i>-6), arachidonate (20:4 <i>n</i>-6), linolenate (18:3 <i>n</i>-3), eicosapentaenoate (20:5 <i>n</i>-3), and docosahexaenoate (22:6 <i>n</i>-3) percentages in the preschool children were 21.7&plusmn;4.0, 6.0&plusmn;1.2, 0.4&plusmn;0.1, 1.2&plusmn;0.8, and 4.4&plusmn;1.3, respectively. Since EFA composition of total serum lipids in healthy children are not available and age and sex do not largely influence these parameters, the results of the preschool children were compared with those of 10 healthy Bangkok adults. The corresponding figures of the aforementioned fatty acids in adults were 34.9&plusmn;8.5, 4.6&plusmn;1.5, 0.8&plusmn;0.4, 0.5&plusmn;0.4, and 1.6&plusmn;0.8, respectively. The data indicate linoleate and linolenate depletion in the preschool children. This was due to their low fat intake and lack of consumption of vegetable oil rich in linoleic and linolenic acids. Their high serum arachidonate percentage was probably due to the increased conversion of 18:2 <i>n</i>-6 to 20:4 <i>n</i>-6 in the presence of linolenate depletion. The significantly higher serum 20: 5 <i>n</i>-3 and 22:6 <i>n</i>-3 percentages in the preschool children should be due to direct consumption of these two <i>n</i>-3 fatty acids from fish intake.

著者

Hinako ITO Hiroe KIKUZAKI Hiroshi UENO

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.3, pp.264-271, 2019-06-30 (Released:2019-06-30)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

18

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Vegetables are rich sources of nutrients such as fiber, minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants. Vegetables also contain various free-form amino acids, which improves their nutritional and palatable value. Cooking alters the content of free amino acids in vegetables, which affects their nutritional values. In this study, free amino acid levels were evaluated after cooking vegetables by different methods, boiling, roasting in an oven, and using a microwave. Results showed that many vegetables analyzed contain aspartate and glutamine abundantly. On the other hand, hydroxyproline, cysteine, ornithine and citrulline are the free amino acids existing at low or undetectable levels in all vegetables tested. The total free amino acid content in vegetables tended to decrease after boiling, and almost the same amount of free amino acids was obtained in the cooking liquid. Roasting of vegetables in an oven resulted in an increase in the content of specific amino acids, including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Thus, it is important to choose the right cooking methods to prevent the loss of free amino acids. The results of the present study emphasize the changes in the contents of free amino acids during cooking with methods that are typically used on a daily basis. Our study on the dynamics of free amino acids caused by various cooking methods provides ample information for future nutritional studies.

著者

Saya MATSUSHITA Misuzu HASHIZUME Kumiko KISARA Yuri YOKOYAMA Ayaka KOTEMORI Yuki TADA Azumi HIDA Yukio YOSHIMURA Sakuko ISHIZAKI Yukari KAWANO

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.3, pp.233-241, 2019-06-30 (Released:2019-06-30)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

2

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This study investigated whether body fat percentage (BF%) in Japanese female university rhythmic gymnasts (RG) and non-athletes (control) was associated with the time-of-day of energy intake. A total of 57 females (RG group, n=34; control group, n=23) completed 24-h dietary recall surveys on 3 non-consecutive days. BF% was measured using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer after overnight fasting. Energy intake was stratified by time-of-day: morning (3:00 to 11:00), midday (11:00 to 17:00), evening (17:00 to 21:00), and nighttime (21:00 to 3:00). There was no significant difference between the groups in total energy intake, body weight, or body mass index. The RG group had significantly higher energy expenditure, a larger negative energy balance and lower BF% than the control group. The energy intake ratios (ER%) in the evening and at nighttime in the RG group were significantly lower and higher than in the control group, respectively. Total energy intake and energy balance did not show any significant association with BF% in either group. Multivariate linear regression with substitution model indicated that a substitution of ER% in the morning for ER% at nighttime was negatively associated with BF% after adjusting for confounding factors (β=−0.240; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.455, −0.025) in the control group. In the RG group, a substitution of ER% in the evening for ER% at nighttime was negatively associated with BF% (β=−0.117; 95%CI: −0.214, −0.019). These results suggest that the timing of energy intake throughout the day is associated with BF% in Japanese university RG and non-athlete female students.

著者

Satoshi WATANABE Shin-ichi TOGASHI Noriko TAKAHASHI Tetsuya FUKUI

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.36-39, 2002 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

25 46

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An antioxidant Was purified from human placenta extract (HPE) by using gel filtration, liquid-liquid extraction, silicagel column chromatography, and HPLC. The purified antioxidant was identified to be L-tryptophan (L-Trp). L-Trp showed higher inhibitory activity than mannitol and DMSO on the Fenton reaction-induced degradation of 2-deoxy-D-ribose. L-Trp also had much higher inhibitory activity on the cytochrome P-450-dependent lipid peroxidation than the previously identified antioxidants of HPE, L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine and uracil. On the other hand, the inhibitory effect of L-Trp on the Fenton reactioninduced protein oxidation was smaller than that of uracil. These results suggest that L-Trp is a main antioxidant of HPE of which the effect is based on the suppression of lipid peroxidation in the oxidative stress status.

著者

WAKISAKA Shiori NAGAI Hajime MURA Emi MATSUMOTO Takehiro MORITANI Toshio NAGAI Narumi

出版者

一般財団法人 学会誌刊行センター

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.5, pp.333-338, 2012

被引用文献数

16

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Although previous reports suggested that carbonated water drinking was effective against gastrointestinal symptoms, there is little information about the effects of carbonated water on gastric and appetite sensation. We therefore investigated the effect of carbonated water on short-term fullness with respect to gastric and cardiac responses in 19 healthy young women. Each subject was tested on three separate days at approximately 9 a.m. after an overnight fast. Gastric motility, evaluated by electrogastrography (EGG) and heart rate (HR), was measured for 20 min in the fasting state and 40 min after ingestion of water. Preloads consisted of an equivalent amount (250 mL) of water (W) or carbonated water (CW) and no drinking (blank). Fullness scores were measured using visual analog scales. To determine gastric motility, we assessed the component of bradygastria (1-2 cycles/min [cpm]), normogastria (2-4 cpm), tachygastria (4-9 cpm), and dominant frequency of the EGG power spectrum. After ingestion of CW, significant increases in fullness scores were observed compared with W. All postprandial EGG powers were significantly greater than preprandial, but no group difference was found. However, a dominant frequency tended to shift toward a lower band after ingestion of W. A significantly higher HR was found following consumption of CW as opposed to W. Multiple regression analysis revealed that increased HR was a significant variable contributing to the variances in fullness after ingestion of CW at 40 min. Our data suggest that CW may induce a short-term, but significant, satiating effect through enhanced postprandial gastric and cardiac activities due possibly to the increased sympathetic activity and/or withdrawal of parasympathetic activity.

著者

Keiko ASAKURA Megumi HAGA Miyuki ADACHI Haruko SAKAI Chieko TAKAHASHI Satoshi SASAKI

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.6, pp.387-396, 2014 (Released:2015-04-06)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

4 7

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No study has documented Japanese children’s food portion sizes. Since this information is essential to establish valid measurement tools and effective education methods for dietary intake, we measured them using one-day, semi-weighed diet records (DRs) for 489 Japanese children aged 3–6 y. Each food’s frequency of appearance on the DRs was counted. If a child consumed a certain food more than once per day, an average weight for that food was calculated and used in the portion size calculation as that child’s representative value. In total, 67 food items were consumed by twenty or more children. We calculated the mean, standard deviation, median, minimum, and maximum portion size values for these food items. In addition to these 67 items, Chinese noodles and water were included in the analysis. The most frequently consumed food was well-milled rice (mean portion size for rice=79 g), which was consumed by 350 children, followed by soy sauce (4 g), eggs (26 g), and carrots (9 g). Among the five most frequently consumed foods, portion sizes of rice and pork but not milk, eggs, or carrots significantly increased with age, height, and weight. In multivariate linear regression analysis, however, the significant relationships between rice portion size and age were not observed. Regarding pork, only the relationship with height was significant. A sex difference was detected in the rice and milk portion sizes. Most of portion sizes observed here were apparently smaller than those reported among United Kingdom children. This study provides important basic information for the implementation of quantitative nutritional research and educational efforts for Japanese preschool children.