著者

土田 紀之 大倉 誠史 田中 孝明 田路 勇樹

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.103, no.10, pp.597-605, 2017 (Released:2017-09-30)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

3

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High-speed deformation behavior and their strain rate dependence on mechanical properties of 1 GPa-grade TRIP-aided multi-phase (TRIP) steels were studied. The strain rate range in this study was between 3.3×10–6 and 103 s–1, and the effect of retained austenite (γR) shapes on TRIP effect in the 1 GPa-grade TRIP steel was also focused on. The effects of strain rate on tensile strength and flow stress in the TRIP steels were small whereas that on uniform elongation was large. The strain rate dependences on tensile strength and uniform elongation in the TRIP steels were more closely to those of the metastable austenitic stainless steels than the conventional TRIP and dual-phase steels. The 1 GPa-grade TRIP steel with the γR shape of needle-like showed better tensile properties and absorbed energy in the present strain rate range. The volume fraction of γR more than 20% and the matrix microstructure of martensite seem to be important factors in the high-strength TRIP steels.

著者

Jin Jia Shang-lei Yang Wei-yuan Ni Jian-ying Bai Yang-shenglan Lin

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

ISIJ International (ISSN:09151559)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.12, pp.2881-2889, 2014-12-15 (Released:2015-01-06)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

5

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この記事は撤回されました

著者

森 滋勝

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.6, pp.817-824, 1990-06-01 (Released:2010-05-07)

参考文献数

59

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最近の流動層“工学”の進歩を述べなければならないのだが,ここでは,最近の研究と技術開発について現在注目を集めているテーマを例として取り上げ,その成果と課題を紹介する.鞭,森,堀尾による“流動層の反応工学”が刊行されてから既に5年余りが経過した.本書の1・2節で,流動層の歴史を4期に分け,“第3期で流動化現象を覆っていた未知のベールはほぼ取り除かれ,粒子分散系の挙動の総合的解明に大きな一歩を踏み出したのが現在の第4期である.”と述べたが,その後,流動化粒子や操作条件の拡大にともない,新しいベールに包まれたより一般的な粒子分散系の解明に向けてますます盛んに研究が行われている.この間に,特集記事や成書が刊行された.流動層に関する第4~6回の国際会議も開催され,それぞれのプロシーディングが刊行されている.さらに特筆されるのは,新しく循環流動層だけについての国際会議が既に2回開催されたことで,第3回が1990年10月に名古屋で開催されることになっている.新しい研究の展開に大きな影響を与えたのは,この間もやはり流動層技術の新たな展開であった.1980年代に入って1970年代の世界を巻き込んだエネルギー問題も石油価格の低下により一応鎮静化した.しかし,流動層燃焼技術の開発は研究費の削減などの逆風にもかかわらず大きな進展を見た.特に,新しい燃焼技術として登場した循環流動層燃焼装置(CFBC)は,中規模用ボイラーとしてヨーロッパにおいて大成功を納め,その後,米国やアジアにおいても主に産業用ボイラーとして急速に導入されている.このCFBCの成功により,循環流動層(CFB)に関する研究がいっせいに展開され,国際会議が開催されるまでになったのである.一方,エネルギー問題に続いて主に我が国において起こったファインセラミックスをはじめとする新素材ブームは,流動層を使用した化学気相成長法(CVD)等の新しい反応器の開発やサブミクロン等の微細粒子の流動化に関する研究の強い推進力となっている.さらに,石油製品のいっそうの白物化に対応するため,より重質な油分が処理できる流動層接触分解プロセス(FCC)の開発や,高度な環境保全に対応できる下水汚泥の焼却,廃棄物や都市塵芥の燃焼とエネルギー利用プラントの開発等は,流動層に対してより高度で精密な設計と操作を要求し,詳細な基礎研究がますます重要になっている.また,最近では石油化学製品の好調な需要に支えられて各種の新しい触媒反応器の大型化や建設が計画されており,一部では既に稼働しはじめているが,今後の動向は世界的な経済情勢の動向に大きくかかわっている.鉄鋼分野では,既に読者の方々もよく御承知のように,溶融還元プロセスのための流動層を用いた鉄鉱石の予備還元炉の開発が推進されている.ここでは,まず流動化現象に関する最近の研究として,循環流動層と微細粒子の流動化を取り上げその現状と課題を紹介する.次に,最近の流動層技術の展開の例として,FCCプロセス,燃焼プロセス,新素材製造技術を取り上げ,最近の展開を紹介する.

著者

杉本 公一 小林 純也 北條 智彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.103, no.1, pp.1-11, 2017 (Released:2016-12-31)

参考文献数

132

被引用文献数

1 24

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This paper introduces the microstructure, retained austenite characteristics, strain-induced transformation-deformation mechanism and mechanical properties of transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP)-aided martensitic (TM) steels for the automotive applications. Because the microstructure consists of a wide lath-martensite structured matrix and a mixture of narrow lath-martensite and metastable retained austenite (MA-like phase), the TM steel produced a good combination of tensile strength and cold formability. If Cr and/or Mo were added into 0.2%C-1.5%Si-1.5%Mn steel to enhance its hardenability, the resultant TM steel achieved superior notch fatigue strength and impact and fracture toughness to conventional structural steel such as SCM420. These enhanced mechanical properties were found to be mainly caused by: (1) plastic relaxation of the stress concentration, which results from expansion strain on the strain-induced transformation of the metastable retained austenite; and (2) the presence of a large quantity of finely dispersed MA-like phase, which suppresses crack or void initiation and subsequent connection.

著者

堀川 一男

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.2, pp.A61-A84, 1979-02-01 (Released:2010-02-22)

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

齋藤 好弘 宇都宮 裕 平田 健二 岡 景則

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.7, pp.431-436, 1997-07-01 (Released:2009-06-19)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

1 1

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The authors have developed a new type rolling mill named the satellite mill. The mill comprises one large diameter roll (central roll) and five smaller diameter rolls (satellite rolls) arranged along a circumference of the central roll. Material is passed continuously through the five gaps between the central roll and the satellite rolls and deformed into a profiled cross section. Since all rolls are driven at the same roll speed, longitudinal compressive stress is produced between stands during rolling. The elongation is greatly suppressed. The mill has been applied to the production of round-edged flat wires and two kinds of T-shaped profiled wires from round circular wires. The obtained rolling characteristics and product properties are compared with those by a conventional rolling method. It is shown that the transverse metal flow is enhanced and the filling ability to the roll groove is excellent in satellite-mill rolling. The effect is more apparent in rolling of T-shaped wire having thinner ribs. It is supposed that the satellite mill is favorable for profiled wire production.

著者

潮田 浩作 吉村 仁秀 海藤 宏志 木村 謙

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.100, no.6, pp.716-727, 2014 (Released:2014-05-31)

参考文献数

67

被引用文献数

7

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Steels have made remarkable progress in order to meet the strict requirements of today’s society. Such progress is based on scientific elucidation of the functions of alloying elements, their effective utilization, and the innovative production processes.Since natural resources are limited, it is important to increase their productivity for the continuous development of our society. Therefore, proper management taking into account the element strategy is becoming extremely important.Steel industries are highly dependent on rare metals. Therefore, they are easily influenced by the hazards of rare metals, avoidance of which is extremely crucial.This paper focuses on steels such as flat-rolled product, plate, pipe & tube and stainless steel, and historically reviews them from the aspect of changes in the surrounding market together with the technological developments such as new steel products and exploitation of rare metals for them. The functions of rare metals are classified into three types, i.e. the control of a) microstructures, b) mechanical properties and c) anti-corrosion properties, and the present understanding of them is discussed from a scientific perspective. Furthermore, the concrete future scientific and technological problems are surveyed. It is revealed that there are still many issues that need to be addressed. Exploitation of the advanced analytical techniques together with computational science is expected to contribute to solving the long standing problems and to stimulate a breakthrough in this field.

著者

秋山 英二 李 松杰 片山 英樹 張 波萍 趙 楷 押川 渡

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.103, no.2, pp.93-100, 2017

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<p>Electrochemical hydrogen permeation tests were carried out under controlled temperature and humidity using pure Fe sheet specimens outdoor-exposed at Beijing and Chongqing, China and Okinawa, Japan in order to understand the effect of environmental factors on hydrogen uptake behavior. The maximum hydrogen permeation current densities of the exposed specimens were in the order of Beijing > Chongqing >> Okinawa, while the order of the degree of corrosion of the specimens was Okinawa > Chongqing >> Beijing. X-ray fluorescence analysis showed that the surface concentrations of sulfur on the Beijing- and Chongqing-exposed specimens were higher than that of the Okinawa-exposed specimens, whereas chlorine concentrations of the Beijing and Okinawa-exposed specimens were higher than that of the Chongqing-exposed specimen. Nitrate concentrations of Beijing- and Chongqing-exposed specimens evaluated using nitrate test strips were obviously higher than that of the Okinawa-exposed specimens. It is suggested that air pollutants such as SO₂ and NO₂ and particulate matters containing inorganic acid ions, likely sulfate and nitrate ions, and possibly organic acids contribute to acidification of rust layer leading to the enhanced hydrogen entry.</p>

著者

大橋 周治

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.11, pp.1443-1452, 1987-09-01 (Released:2009-06-19)

参考文献数

12

著者

小泉 昌明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.2, pp.215-223, 1988-02-01 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

3

著者

長谷川 正義 武田 克彦 竹下 一彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.9, pp.1353-1362, 1974-08-01 (Released:2010-10-12)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2 2

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The brittle-to-ductile transition curves of a series of ferritic stainless steels containing carbon, nitrogen, silicon or manganese, respectively, were determined, and also the effect of aging at 475°C on the transition curves of high purity ferritic stainless steels was discussed.The main results obtained were as follows:(1) In 18% chromium steels, at the 0.002% carbon and 0.004% nitrogen levels, the indicated transition temperature is found to be 85°C However, there is a remarkable increase in transition temperature and a decrease in upper shelf energy, as carbon or nitrogen content increases. The effect on transition temperature and upper shelf energy is attributed to the exsistence of solute carbon or nitrogen atoms and the dispersed carbide or nitride precipitates.(2) Addition of aluminium as stabilizer is effective in lowering transition temperature.(3) Silicon and manganese additions tend to raise transition temperature.(4) In high purity 18% chromium steel aged at 475°C the upper shelf energy decreases, but the transition temperature has little change.(5) In 0.05% nitrogen-18% chromium steel aged at 475°C, the upper shelf energy decreases, and the transition temperature is shifted toward higher temperatures.(6) The hardness increase with the aging time for high purity 18% chromium steel is less than for 0.05% nitrogen-18% chromium steel.(7) These phenomena caused by aging at 475°C must be depended on the precipitation of chromium rich bcc phase and chromium nitrides.

著者

勝亦 正昭 小出 憲司 梶 晴男

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.2, pp.353-360, 1989-02-01 (Released:2009-06-19)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

2

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Prolonging annealing treatment below the critical temperature is carried in order to relieve residual stress due to welding and to improve toughness of weld heat affected zone in the fabrication of pressure vessels. It has been known that this treatment named stress relief (SR) annealing decreases strength and toughness of base metals. Thus, the effects of microstructure and alloying elements on this decrease in mechanical properties were investigated in carbon-manganese, manganese-molybdenum and chromium-molybdenum steels for pressure vessels.The decreasing amount of strength and toughness due to SR annealing was the largest in martensite structure and next in bainite structure. These was little change in strength and toughness in ferrite-pear-lite structure. Good toughness was obtained by SR treatment at high temperature and for short time in comparison with that of low temperature and long time at a certain strength. The start of decreasing toughness was delayed by an increase in {1/5 (Mn(%)+ Cr(%))+Mo(%)} content.Applied stress equivalent to residual stress level in SR treatment did not affect mechanical properties. The amount of temper embrittlement due to slow cooling in SR treatment decreased with prolonging SR treatment.

著者

Yingui Ding Jingsong Wang Guang Wang Qingguo Xue

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

ISIJ International (ISSN:09151559)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.10, pp.1772-1777, 2012 (Released:2012-10-15)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

8 42

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A new process was proposed in this research, in order to address the problems of difficult treatment, low efficiency and heavy pollution of Bayan Obo complex iron ore. The isothermal reduction experiments, using carbon-bearing pellets which were mainly made of Bayan Obo complex iron ore and pulverized coal, were investigated in the temperature range of 1623–1723 K with different heating time. The results indicate that the pellets could not melt well at 1623 K and 1723 K, and the iron nugget and slag can separate in a clear manner at 1673 K for 12 min. The contents of C and S in iron nugget are 2.09% and 1.62% respectively. The iron nugget can be used partly to substitute the steel scrap for EAF steelmaking. The RE2O3 content is 14.19% in the rare-earth-rich slag. Nearly all rare earth is concentrated into one phase during solidification, which is identified as cefluosil ([7(Ca, Ce, La, Nd)2·SiO4] (F, O)10). The slag was leached by hydrochloric acid and the leaching efficiency of rare earth is 98.70%. After being filtered, the solution can be used to extract rare earth and the leached residue will be treated to recover CaF2 and ThO2.

著者

清水 信善 田村 今男

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.10, pp.2375-2390, 1975-08-01 (Released:2010-10-12)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

4

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In this investigation, the pearlitic transformation behaviour of steel with the cooling rate discontinuously altered during continious cooling was studied in relation to the CCT diagram of the steel. The main results are as follows:(1) The pea litic transformation behaviour with the cooling rate discontinuously altered during continuous cooling was diffe-ent from the transformation behaviour illustrated by usual CCT diagram.(2) The pearlitic transformation behaviour and the critical cooling rate with the cooling rate altered at a point during continuous cooling were observed to be related to the incubation period consumed before changing the cooling rate.(3) Including the degree of consumed incubation period in usual CCT diagram as a parameter, the transformation behaviour and the critical cooling rate can be estimated from a conventional CCT diagram.(4) If the same amount of the incubation period was consumed by either continuous cooling or isothermal holding, the transformation behaviour was virtually the same in subsequent cooling when the cooling started from the same temperature.

著者

前田 一徳 堀川 一男

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.3, pp.488-491, 1983-03-01 (Released:2009-06-30)

著者

井上 直久 和田 一実

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.8, pp.947-955, 1987-06-01 (Released:2009-06-19)

参考文献数

40

著者

小山 元道 秋山 英二 津﨑 兼彰

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.100, no.9, pp.1132-1139, 2014 (Released:2014-08-31)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

4

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Al effects on strain aging and resistance against hydrogen embrittlement were examined in Fe-18Mn-0.6C-based twinning-induced plasticity steels deformed at different strain rates. The Fe-18Mn-0.6C steel showed hydrogen-induced fracture when it had been pre-deformed at a strain rate of 1.7×10–6 s–1. The hydrogen-induced fracture was suppressed by increasing strain rate and increasing Al content. From the viewpoint of material strengthening by strain aging, we found two important factors improving the resistance to the hydrogen embrittlement; (1) suppression of dynamic strain aging by increasing strain rate and Al content, and (2) suppression of static strain aging under loading by the Al addition.

著者

垣見 恒男 佐藤 博

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.14, pp.1659-1665, 1984 (Released:2009-06-30)

参考文献数

25

著者

永田 和宏 羽二生 篤 鈴木 卓夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.10, pp.665-672, 2001 (Released:2009-06-19)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

2

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The Tatara is the traditional iron-and steelmaking process in Japan. The box type furnace is about 1 m width, 3 m length and 1.2 m height. The process produces steel bloom and pig iron from iron sand and charcoal. The furnace is built on the charcoal bed in a big underground construction which is separated into upper and lower parts by a thick clay layer, "Kobune Kawara". The lower part is a drainage. The upper part has a charcoal bed, "Hondoko", with twin caves, "Kobune", on the both sides. The "Kobune" keeps its temperature lower than 41°C and humidity higher than 89%, that is, 4.8×10-2kg·m-3 in terms of water vapor concentration, during "Tatara" operations. The heat flow and temperature distribution around the furnace during operation was numerically simulated. The water vapor in "Hondoko", hearth and "Doi" flows to "Kobune" according to heat flow and disperses to the surroundings. Further the historical development of underground construction is discussed.

著者

重松 健二郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.2, pp.N66-N69, 1995-02-01 (Released:2009-06-19)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1