著者
千葉 正毅 ペルライン ロン コーンブル ロイ プラード ハーシャ スタンフォード スコット エカリー ジョセブ
出版者
一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.86, no.9, pp.743-747, 2007-09-20
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
1 15

In the past decade, much research has been focused on electroactive polymers (EAPs) as actuators. However, less well known is the fact that some of these materials have outstanding performance in the generator mode. Whereas polymer actuators convert electrical energy to mechanical energy, polymer generators convert mechanical energy to electrical energy. Many of the characteristics that make EAPs attractive as actuators also make them attractive as generators. Potential advantages include high energy output per unit mass, low cost, good coupling to many mechanical inputs, lightweight materials, and flexible design. We believe that given new capabilities enabled by EAPs, and the world's critical need for electrical power, that EAP power generation is an important focus area for research and development. Indeed, it is possible that EAP power generation could well exceed the importance of EAP actuators, itself an exciting technology area.
著者
湯浅 実
出版者
一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy = 日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.95, no.3, pp.212-218, 2016-03

We had designed and constructed the MSPT (Molten Salt Parabolic Trough) demo plant in Italy in 2013. The performance data of the MSPT process such as solar energy collecting efficiency according to the change in the weather, heat loss of molten salt circulating system and so forth were obtained. And also several tests about molten salt handling procedures, for example, molten salt filling to and withdraw from the system were carried out to establish the operating and maintenance methods of this process. In 2014, this plant was modified by adding the steam generation system to get data for steam generation and enhance the cooling system for long time operation. Through the two year's operations of this plant, it was confirmed that MSPT technology is manageable and reliable. The detail information of demo plant tests is shown in our previous literatures 2), 3) and 4). In this report, some representative test results are introduced.
著者
渡邉 信
出版者
一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.92, no.11, pp.1083-1088, 2013-11-20

Although many investigations have been carried out on utilization of microalgae for food, energy, and water treatment in past, microalgae have been receiving much more attention since 2007 from the world because of their high productivity of oil, little competitiveness for food production, and growth capacity in both freshwater and marine environments. Over the years, many technologies have been investigated for achieving sustainable biofuel production using oleaginous microalgae; however, existing techniques of algal fuel production are suitable mainly for small-scale procedures or for the recovery or removal of high-value products. The situation strongly influences life cycle assessment (LCA) studies for algal fuel production, and published LCA show different and discrepant results-reliable data on inputs and outputs from industrialscale experiments are needed for solving these problems. The estimate cost of algae fuel production by life cycle cost analysis is still high compared with that of fossil crude oils. The utilizations of waste water, fluegas, and waste heat are indispensable for improving the economy of future algal fuels. Political concerns made by USA government for algal fuel production are very important for accelerating R&D of a future commercialization of algal fuels and innovation of algal fuel technology and would thereby influence on Japan. Japan has several disadvantages for algal biomass productions such as its narrow land, low annual sun irradiance, and long low-temperature period. A coupled hybrid production system comprising of phototrophic and heterotrophic algae has tremendous potential for overcoming these disadvantages.
著者
田原 聖隆 藤井 千陽 高田 亜佐子
出版者
一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
日本エネルギー学会大会講演要旨集
巻号頁・発行日
no.24, pp.248-249, 2015-07-27

In this study we were carried out the LCA of consumer's behavior level for LCT training. And we calculated the environmental load of the consumer behavior. There are big differences of the environmental load of each behavior by setting of the condition because consumer behaviors have variety. So, we calculated the consumer behavior on the condition that it was average and representative as possible. However, in order to lead to environmentally friendly behavior, consumer behavior was also calculated in different conditions that may be affected. For example the behavior of "to take a meal", we calculated about 100 Japanese typical menus. And in order to understand the differences in the environmental load of eco cooking, we calculated several type of cooking way on same menu.
著者
飛田 利雄
出版者
一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.84, no.8, pp.594-599, 2005-08-20

2002年に始まった景気回復局面は,2004年夏場から年末にかけて調整局面に入った。日本では自然災害が多発したこともあり,成長率を押し下げ,2004年の第1四半期には実質GDP成長率は前期比1.4%の伸びを示していたものの第2四半期以降はマイナス成長に転じ,第4四半期も輸出は低位にとどまるとともに輸入の伸びが高止まりを示し成長率はマイナス0.1%となった結果,3四半期連続のマイナス成長を示した。一方,世界経済においても2004年後半以降は成長のテンポは鈍化しており,米国においても減税効果が薄れたこと,原油価格の上昇,輸出の伸び悩みを背景に2003年後半以降の成長率は低下した。欧州においてもインフレの上昇から個人消費の伸び悩み,ユーロ高に伴う輸出の鈍化により成長率は低下している。なお,中国に関しては2004年の実質GDP成長率は2003年のプラス9.3%を上回るプラス9.5%に達したが,急速な供給能力の拡大に伴い,製品在庫の上昇が顕現してきていること,主要輸出先の国々の経済が減速していることから,中国の景気拡大のペースの先行きは鈍化していくことが予想されている。このような状況の中,石油化学産業では,2004年は中国等への輸出増加と国内景気の回復を受け,堅調な生産が行われ,基礎製品であるエチレンの生産も前年比3%増の757万tとなり,1999年,2000年に継ぎ750万tを上回った。一方,欧米の巨大企業はこれまでに大規模なアライアンス,事業再編を通じて経営資源の集中を図り,得意分野でのスケールメリットを活かしながら,需要が見込まれる中国等のアジア地域への進出を着実に進めてきた。中国では外資導入によるエチレンプラント建設計画として,独BASF/揚子石化(エチレン60万t/年),英BP/上海石化(エチレン90万t/年),蘭Shell/CNOCC(エチレン80万t/年)等があり,2005年以降順次,その稼動が予定されている。順調にこれらの計画が進んだ場合2006年のエチレン生産能力は日本のエチレン生産能力を上回る見通しにある。また,中東地域においても大幅な生産設備の増設が2005年〜2009年にかけて計画されており,世界的にもエチレンをはじめとする石油化学製品の生産設備の増加が更に進みつつある。わが国の石油化学企業は,これまで経営資源の選択と集中を図るため特に誘導品において事業統合・アライアンスを進展させると同時に生産設備のスクラップビルトを行い競争力の確保を目指してきた。1994年の三菱油化と三菱化成の合併による三菱化学の誕生以後,1997年の三井石油化学と三井東圧化学の合併,その後も従来の総合化学企業体利から脱却した事業交換,生産面での提携が行われてきている。汎用樹脂の分野においてもポリオレフィン事業では三井化学,住友化学の合弁事業は解消されたが,グループの垣根を越え三菱系の日本ポリケムと昭和電工,新日本石油化学系の日本ポリオレフィンのポリエチレン事業の統合,また,日本ポリケムとチッソのポリプロピレン事業等の大型統合が行われてきた。また,2004年に入り出光興産が100%子会社である出光石油化学の吸収合併を行うとともに,2005年春には三井化学と出光興産の包括的な提携の一環としてポリオレフィン事業の統合新会社が設立予定である(表1参照)。しかしながら2004年においては2003年に引き続き原油価格の高騰に伴う原料ナフサ価格の高騰が一層に顕著となり,原料価格が製品価格に占めるウェイトが約6割を占める石油化学産業にとっては,原料の安定かつ,低廉確保が以前にまして重要な課題となるとともにコスト上昇に対してより一層の合理化努力を迫られることになった。
著者
都筑 和泰 森山 亮 石本 祐樹 時松 宏治 萩原 直人
出版者
一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.91, no.2, pp.104-110, 2012-02-20

Mid- and long- term energy balances of Japan were investigated after the Great East Japan Earthquake on the 11th of March, considering fossil fuel imports, environmental constraints, and economy as well as risks revealed by Fukushima nuclear accidents and disasters. It is concluded that i) great uncertainties on technology and economy are apprehensive about renewable energy oriented energy balance, ii) nuclear power is still an indispensable technological option, and iii) fossil fuels are necessary to meet the balance without both renewables as well as nuclear. The "energy best mix" strategy, which had long been the core philosophy in the Japanese energy policy, should not be amended with the severe nuclear accidents after the Earthquake.
著者
湊 清之
出版者
一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.86, no.1, pp.12-17, 2007-01-20

Vehicles are one of the dominant of urban air pollution in Asia. While this problem is common to growing metropolitan areas throughout the world, it is particularly severe in Asia, where over half of vehicles are older vehicles and use of poor quality fuel. Emission from the existing fleet of vehicles can be reduced by (a) improving vehicle maintenance, (b) improving the quality of fuel. Some of these measures can be achieved through regulation. This report analyzes different technical and policy options for reducing emissions from vehicles.
著者
伴 義定
出版者
一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
燃料協會誌 (ISSN:03693775)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, no.127, pp.四二七-四三五, 1933-04

石油資源に乏しき國柄に於ては國内に於て生産可能なる代用燃料を以てガソリンに代へ、之に依て其の缺を補はんとし、之が爲に必要なる研究又は對策を講じつゝあり、演者は歐米各國に於ける其の状況の概要を述べ併せて我國に於ける代用燃料の現状並に之に對應すべき方法等に就き聊か私見を述べんとす
著者
梶原 健
出版者
一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.92, no.5, pp.363-368, 2013-05-20

Thermoelectric generation is a technology which converts heat directly into electrical energy using Seebeck effect. This technology is attracting technology from CO_2 reduction, energy-saving and waste heat recovery. The benefit of thermoelectric generation is no moving parts, compact and no CO_2 emissions on working. Thermoelectric generator module is a solid-state device using a number of thermoelectric semiconductor elements. Bismuth Telluride solid solutions has high thermoelectric property from 300 K to 500 K range. This paper describes the structure, property and application using Bismuth Telluride thermoelectric generator module.
著者
上田 翔 八木田 浩史
出版者
一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
日本エネルギー学会大会講演要旨集
巻号頁・発行日
no.21, pp.338-339, 2012-07-30

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the transmission and transformation structure of information concerning environmental issues. The appearance frequency of the words, which were used in the environmental document such environmental reports and environmental law, is analyzed. The following documents are analyzed: Environmental White Paper issued by the Ministry of the Environment, IPCC report, and 252 environment-related laws.
著者
藤井 準次
出版者
一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.92, no.5, pp.408-412, 2013-05-20

The Osaki CoolGen Project began in FY 2012 as a subsidized "Integrated coal Gasification Fuel Cell combined cycle (IGFC) demonstration project" of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. This project aims to realize innovative coal-fired thermal power generation that combines IGFC, an extremely efficient coal-fired thermal power generation technology, with CO_2 separation and capture technologies. The following will explain the project outline and future plan, focused on the basic technique, which is the oxygenblown Integrated coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) demonstration project.
著者
朝野 賢司 美濃輪 智朗
出版者
一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.86, no.12, pp.957-963, 2007-12-20
被引用文献数
3

This paper aims to make a trial calculation of lignocellulosic bioethanol production costs and CO_2 reduction costs in Japan. The following three are our conclusions. First lignocellulosic bioethanol potentials are very limited within the 50km radius which is the optimal transport distance economically and environmentally perspectives. The optimal size of bioethanol plants are: 20 million litter per year in the present case and 70 million litter per year in the innovative case. Secondly we estimate lignocellulosic bioethanol production costs including both the present case and the innovative case. In the innovative case, we use the following two factors: technological innovation factor in enzymatic breakdown and fermentation process, and plants up-scale factor. Bioethanol production costs (litter of petrol equivalent) are 98 Yen per litter in the present case, and 58 Yen/litter in the innovative case. Thirdly we calculate CO_2 reduction costs by bioethanol as a substitute petrol. Petrol costs range between 20 to 90USD per barrel. CO_2 reduction costs of the present case is 78, 000-150, 000 JPY/CO_2-ton, much expensive than the other CO_2 mitigation options. Regarding the innovative case, CO_2 reduction costs are 20, 000-30, 000 JPY/CO_2-ton only in high oil price 70 to 90USD/bbl.
著者
高橋 隆
出版者
一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
燃料協會誌 (ISSN:03693775)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, no.97, pp.一〇六九-一〇八一, 1930-10

我國々有鐵道の使用する動力は主として石炭にして最近其の消費量は三七〇萬噸、其價格は鐵道事業費三億圓の七分の一に當る、斯く鐵道は莫大なる動力消費者として將來の交通動力を如何にして低廉確實に供給すべきやの動力及燃料問題に關し説かんとす
著者
山崎 由大
出版者
一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
日本エネルギー学会誌 = Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy (ISSN:09168753)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.84, no.12, pp.1019-1025, 2005-12-20
被引用文献数
5

This report introduces five biomass gasification power generation plants in Europe, three nations, Switzerland, Austria and Germany, where the author visited November 2004. PYROFORCE in Switzerland used fixed bed gasification system with 200kW GE-Jenbacher gas engine. This gasification system promotes very little tar even as a fixed bed gasifier because of optimization of shape of reactor and airflow. Gussing in Austria uses internally circulating fluidized-bed gasification system. Characteristic of this system are to promote medium calorific gas because of using steam and to use combustion heat efficiently for gasification. This plant is equipped with 2000kW GE-Jenbacher gas engine. Electricity is sold for homes and factories, heat is supplied to regional heating system in the city. Future Energy GmbH and CHOREN GmbH in Germany operate the entrained bed gasification system. In Future Energy, there are three type entrained bed gasification systems for fuel types. CHOREN has established Carbo-V system with entrained bed with the charcoal fire pit. All of plants use woody biomass. Thus, the author thinks it difficult to transfer European techniques to Japan without modifications because of different surroundings. It is also needed to develop not alone technology, but policy to adopt biomass generation in Japan.