著者
細尾 萌子
出版者
京都大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌
京都大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13452142)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, pp.387-399, 2010-03-31

The purpose of this paper is to clarify a view of evaluation in baccalaureate in France. Baccalaureate is a certifying examination that confers the completion of high school and the qualification for university admission. It is conducted near the end of high school, and candidates take exams for almost all subjects they have finished. Most are short articles. Successful candidates can be basically admitted to enter any university. I began so by revealing characteristics of the organization of evaluation in baccalaureate. It is composed of a commission on making exam questions and three commissions on marking. In the former committee, teachers of various high schools draw up exam questions upon deliberation with chairpersons of a professor and an inspector. In the latter, high school teachers who are appointed markers adjust their grades by means of moderation. I then examined historical discussions on making exam questions and marking of baccalaureate. Diverse controversies have been developed in terms of validity, reliability and equity of evaluation. Through these investigations, I pointed out that baccalaureate has a view of evaluation aiming to assess the elevated ability at the average level of students concerning what they learned in high school without wide grade variations.
著者
宮嶋 由布
出版者
京都大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌
京都大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13452142)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, pp.309-322, 2011-04-25

This study examines the reasons why many elementary school children love"Pocket Monster" (Pokemon). Pokemon is a sum of monster characters and is the most popular character among children these days. Children can get these monsters and put them into small balls in the Pokemon game. They can acquire, collect, and grow them in the game. In the study, elementary school children completed a questionnaire asking them to identify their favorite characters and to write the reasons they liked them. The data were analyzed by focusing on those who liked Pokemon, and the differences depending on sex and age were analyzed. As a result, many children selected their favorite characters from a large number of Pokemon characters according to their traits and special abilities or the children's impressions about Pokemon, such as "cool", "strong" and "cute." Especially, many boys in lower and middle grades liked Pokemon because the characters have strong power. Moreover, Pokemon was liked by children because the characters are not only strong, but also cute. These results show that Pokemon can support children's dependence and independence by relating to their aggressiveness and tendency to be dependent.
著者
井上 嘉孝
出版者
京都大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌
京都大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13452142)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.53, pp.72-84, 2007-03-31

本稿では、人々に恐怖をかき立てる代表的な怪物である吸血鬼とその変化を取り上げる。死の観念をめぐる文化や宗教性といった背景を抜きにして吸血鬼を論じることはできない。しかしそのような議論に立ち入ることは最低限に留め、心理臨床の視点から吸血鬼と恐れについて検討し、それが心にとって何を意味するか考察していきたい。
著者
石井 素子
出版者
京都大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌
京都大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13452142)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, pp.93-107, 2006-03-31

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。
著者
井上 嘉孝
出版者
京都大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌
京都大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13452142)
巻号頁・発行日
no.53, pp.72-84, 2007

本稿では、人々に恐怖をかき立てる代表的な怪物である吸血鬼とその変化を取り上げる。死の観念をめぐる文化や宗教性といった背景を抜きにして吸血鬼を論じることはできない。しかしそのような議論に立ち入ることは最低限に留め、心理臨床の視点から吸血鬼と恐れについて検討し、それが心にとって何を意味するか考察していきたい。

7 0 0 0 OA 昇華の動因論

著者
堀川 聡司
出版者
京都大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌
京都大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13452142)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, pp.527-539, 2013-03-28

This article aims to elaborate the psychoanalytic concept of sublimation. Sublimation is a vague concept, especially in relation to its meta-psychological development and value. This paper considers the psychological mechanisms that allow for sublimation. Concepts derived from ego psychology are used to explore this topic, but the understanding they provide is limited. The works of Sigmund Freud, Juan-David Nasio, Melanie Klein, Jean Laplanche, and Françoise Dolto are then considered. From this research, four theses on the development of sublimation are presented: 1) the Ego is the agent that sublimates drives, 2) the Ego Ideal is the starting point of sublimation and gives its direction, 3) reparation becomes a model of sublimation, 4) sublimation is driven by the castration under the law of prohibitions. In addition to these four theses, it is proposed that sublimation is a secondary process phenomenon. This formulation should be useful both for a theory of the value of sublimation and for clinical techniques that aim to promote clients' use of secondary process thinking. It is suggested that further research is needed on sublimation to arrive at better clinical practice.
著者
竹内 一真
出版者
京都大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌
京都大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13452142)
巻号頁・発行日
no.59, pp.625-637, 2013

This study was performed to investigate the relationships of individual skills and narrative between former and future generations by Denshosha especially focusing on Legitimate Peripheral Participation (LPP). For this purpose, this study investigated how a master of a traditional performing art interprets their skills in the relationship among generations from narratives of the master. Two steps were taken in approaching an individual situated among generations. First, we clarified what the master teaches his pupil. Then, we analyzed the narratives to determine the master's interpretation. In the process of watching and interviewing, a master of a traditional performing art presented not only his experience of developing skills and his interpretation of the meaning of skills but also his way of handing skills on to the next generation. The results are shown in a matrix of three categories of skills and three phases of narratives. The details appeared in the matrix were interpreted by considering "gaps between generations" and "manners for changing." Denshosha would not only bring skills between generations but also inherit manners or values by interpreting the combinations of individual skills.
著者
家島 明彦
出版者
京都大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌
京都大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13452142)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.53, pp.166-180, 2007-03-31

本稿は,以下の3つを目的とする。まず,マンガの現状を整理して報告しつつ,心理学においてマンガを取り上げる必要性を訴える。次に,日本の心理学領域において,マンガに関する研究論文を外観し,どのような先行研究があるか把握すると同時に体系的に示すことを試みる。更に,心理学におけるマンガに関する研究の発展のために,今後の研究の方向性・可能性について展望する。限られた紙面において述べられることは極めて表面的なことに留まるが,これから心理学においてマンガに関する研究を本格的に始めるための叩き台として読んで頂きたい。
著者
小林 伸行
出版者
京都大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌
京都大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13452142)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.53, pp.405-418, 2007-03-31

社会は「いかにあるか」、 「いかにして可能か」。これらは社会は「在る」ことを自明視した上に初めて成立する問いである。しかし、これまで「なぜ社会はあると言えるのか」という哲学的な問いについては、思いの外、不問に付されてきたように思われる。哲学で問題になる存在(者)は専ら心と身体(を始めとする物理的存在)に尽きる一方、心身に還元できないものとして社会を固有の分析対象とする社会学自身が社会の実在性を問題とすることは殆どなかったからである。勿論、それが「社会の捉え方」と無関係であるのなら、少なくとも社会学的な問いとしては浮上して来ないのであるから何の問題もないであろう。だが、果たして「社会が在ることの捉え方」と「社会の捉え方」とは無関係であり得るのだろうか? 本稿は、 N.ルーマンの社会システム論を介して、この両者の関係を浮き彫りにしようとする試論である。そしてその際、 「哲学的ゾンビ」という概念に着目する。
著者
荘島 幸子
出版者
京都大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌
京都大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13452142)
巻号頁・発行日
no.55, pp.337-350, 2009

I have longitudinally interviewed for four years a person with "gender identity disorder" (GID) who wished to cross gender because of his gender dysphoria, and his family, The interview data were analyzed using a narrative approach. The aim of my study is in totally recognizing him and his family's experience of living with his GID. In this paper, my five Qualitative studies were reconsidered in the perspective of generating models. Each psychological and relational model generated from five qualitative studies was integrated into upper models. Three upper models were presented here: "discrepancy, " "connecting, " and "stepping away from oneself." In discussion, We considered how these three models functioned in light of a life story of someone with GID and his or her family. This paper enabled a deeper experience of living as a person with GID and living with person having it by connecting all their narratives that were separated from each other's study and reconsidering the psychological and relational models in line with time axis of their life story.
著者
竹内 一真
出版者
京都大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌
京都大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13452142)
巻号頁・発行日
no.57, pp.407-419, 2011

This study clarifies how the technical skills of expert are studied. Such skills of expert have been extensive studied from anthropology and folklore to pedagogy and business administration. But the approach, or the background, to these skills is very common. This study focuses on the common approach to the skill. Especially Legistimate Peripheral Participation (LPP) (Lave & Wenger, 1991) is unique and is used widely. This study shows how technical skill has been studied before and after LPP. Preceding it, technical skills were considered studies by cognitive scientists, especially researcher, in regard to expert systems. Cognitive scientists have tried making an expert machine mainly to use for interviews with experts. But experts can't talk about their skills a lot. Experts practice actual interacting with the environment, not merely thinking about it. On the other hand, LPP has off ered a new perspective to "learning" by clarifying how learners participate in the "community of practice." Under this approach, learners become masters through participation into the community. In LPP, learners develop to interact with the environment, with artifacts and with other persons. After LPP, some research remains to be focused on teachers, not on the learners in community of practice.
著者
椎名 健人
出版者
京都大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌
京都大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13452142)
巻号頁・発行日
no.65, pp.201-218, 2019-03-27

明治・大正時代の小説家、夏目漱石と彼の元に1903年から1909年頃に集った当時東京帝国大学在学中の門下生たちが形成していた文学サロン的共同体(=「木曜会」共同体)を、日本で明治30年代からその形成と自律化を始めた「文学場」における党派の一つとして位置付けたうえでその共同体としての性質を、イヴ・セジウィックが『男同士の絆 イギリス文学とホモソーシャルな欲望』で提唱したホモソーシャルという枠組みを用いて分析し、明治末期から大正初期にかけての文壇及び学生・知識人文化圏内における社会的ネットワークの特質を社会学的観点から明らかにする.
著者
山口 智
出版者
京都大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌
京都大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13452142)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.53, pp.111-123, 2007-03-31

本稿は,青年期における「想像上の仲間」について取り上げ,それがいかなる存在であるのか,また,そうした存在との関わりを経験したことのある人は,どのように世界を体験し生きているのかについて論ずるものである。
著者
小木曽 由佳
出版者
京都大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌
京都大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13452142)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, pp.225-238, 2011-04-25

The life and theory of Carl Gustav Jung have been interpreted from the "Freudcentric" view, because of the uncritical acceptance of his autobiography. In recent years, Sonu Shamdasani has discovered some omissions from its manuscript, and the relationships between Jung and essential people other than Freud have been revealed. One of the most important persons is William James, the American philosopher of pragmatism. Jung had met James only once, but he confessed that he had always regarded James as his "model." In this paper, we focus on the early works of Jung, especially his typology, and make it clear the closeness of these works with James' pragmatism in giving consideration to Jung's idea of "personal equation," which later characterizes his views on treatment, such as countertransference.
著者
高嶋 雄介
出版者
京都大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌
京都大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13452142)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, pp.27-50, 2011-04-25

Play therapy is exposed to the question of how it relates the psychic process of play therapy to external reality, such as behavior and states of patient's daily lives. However, we intend to understand psychotherapy from the viewpoint that divides the inside and outside. Actually, this previous question was made with that a viewpoint in mind. There is also a viewpoint of perceiving the whole for the viewpoint that divides the inside and outside. The former viewpoint is based on the idea that we should put an external event into a“retort” of psychotherapy and concentrate on those things, even if we feel that the external event is seemingly meaningless and we alone believe it is important. If we can truly do that, a mere external event becomes the whole. And any literal boundary between the inside and the outside is gone. In this paper, I consider the case of a boy with selective mutism and an old tale through these two viewpoints and succeed in concretely showing their difference. In my conclusion, I refer to the possibility of a viewpoint that perceives the whole.
著者
荘島(湧井) 幸子
出版者
京都大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌
京都大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13452142)
巻号頁・発行日
no.53, pp.206-219, 2007

近年、様々な学問領域において質的研究が隆盛を極めているが、質的研究の基本特徴はナラティヴターンといわれる認識論の変革を土台としている。客観主義の基盤になってきた素朴実在論への懐疑や観察者と観察対象の相互作用や社会的相互行為の重視、そして意味やナラティヴ(物語)の重視といった特徴がある。しかし、上記のような共通の関心を共有したとしても、質的研究法自体は全く異なる認識論的立場に立つ者に用いられていることもあるから、質的方法論には複数あるといえる。そこで、本稿では同じ語りのトランスクリプトにタイプの異なる2つの質的方法 を援用する試みを行う。それは、質的研究における認識論的反省(epistemological reflexivity)に基づいて行われる。