著者

石原 千里

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2007, no.39, pp.19-44, 2006 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

34

---

Kichijuro Narinori Nishi (1835-1891) was a 12th generation Nishi. In 1839 he was employed as pupil interpreter at the age of 4, the youngest of all the interpreters in Japanese history. Kichijuro was one of the compilers of Egeresugo Jisho Wage, the second English-Japanese dictionary compiled in Japan (1850-1854). He was one of the interpreters to Admiral E.V. Putyatin's Russian squadron that visited Nagasaki in 1853. In 1858 he was assigned, together with Eizaemon Narabayashi, as head of Nagasaki Eigo Denshujo, an institution for the study of English. Shortly after this assignment, he was summoned to Edo to serve as an interpreter for the visits of English and Russian representatives to Edo. Subsequently, he was taken into the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Tokugawa government. He acted as interpreter at the most important conferences between the Ministers of Foreign Affairs and foreign representatives in the days when Japan was opened to foreign commerce for the first time. In close cooperation with Takichiro Moriyama, he was involved in translating the related correspondences and other documents including treaties. He went to Europe as the principal interpreter of the Japanese embassy in 1864.With the fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868, when the Tokugawa family surrendered Edo Castle and was forced to return to Suruga (Shizuoka), their homeland, Kichijuro decided to accept the appointment to accompany the family to be in chage of the teachers of foreign languages at a school to be established there. But, in fact, it turned out that he served not as a teacher but as an administrative official.In 1871, he was taken into the Ministry of Justice of the Meiji government, where he spent the rest of his career, being promoted to President of the Supreme Court.This paper reports with special emphasis on Kichijuro's earlier half of his career, of which, to-date, little has been known. A family tree of the Nishi, from Kichibe Nishi at the beginning of the first generation in 1616 to Shigendo Nishi, the 16th contemporary generation, is presented.

著者

佐藤 勇夫

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1992, no.24, pp.55-71, 1991-10-01 (Released:2010-02-22)

参考文献数

63

---

My object in writing this paper is to disclose the process of the literary intercourse between Shoyo and Yakumo chiefly by Shoyo's diary, the letters which had passed between Shoyo and Yakumo and some pieces of writing in the then Yomiuri newspaper and discuss what meaning their literary intercourse may have today in the era of the international cultural exchange.Yakumo was given the professorship in English literature at Tokyo Imperial University in September, 1896. He, however, was forced to resign his post against his will and left the university in the end of March, 1903, because of the new policy adopted by the university.In 1904 Yakumo accepted a call to the professorial chair of English literture at Waseda University. According to Shoyo's diary, Shoyo first met Yakumo on 9th of March, 1904. After that Shoyo and Yakumo cultivated a close acquaintance with each other rapidly. Shoyo earnestly wished Yakumo to translate some pieces of the Japan's Kabuki dramas into English and introduce them into the Western countries.When Yakumo sent his letter to Shoyo asking him what of the Japan's plays he should translate into English, Shoyo advised Yakumo to translate Chikamatsu's Shinju Ten no Amijima, or The Loue Suicide at Amijima into English by writing Yakumo a long letter in English and by visiting him with Prof. Shiozawa of Waseda University as interpreter for Shoyo in the early evening of July 6th besides. On the other hand, Shoyo learned Yakumo's own view of translating Shakespeare from someone who, I should say, was one of the students whom Yakumo taught at Tokyo Imperial University that the works of Shakespeare should be translated into ordinary speech of Japanese language. After Yakumo's death, Shoyo succeeded in translating Hamlet into colloquial style.Yakumo died feeling in his mind the problem of translating Shinju Ten no Arnijima into English on 26th of September, 1904. Shoyo and his wife are said to have been the first callers for condolences on the day of Yakumo's death. Shoyo deeply grieved over Yakumo's sudden and early death to know that his plan was left unfinished by his death. Probably Shoyo thought, it seems to me, that we, the Japanese, lost our best interpreter of the classical Kabuki dramas to the West in the death of Koizumi Yakumo.

著者

寺田 芳徳

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1993, no.25, pp.75-86, 1992 (Released:2009-10-07)

参考文献数

14

---

Kori Nagamasa (郡 長正) is the name of a student who was sent in 1870by the Tonami Clan (斗南藩 : the name of the successive clan of the Aizu Clan会津藩) to the Toyotsu Clan (豊津藩 : the name of the successive clan of theKokura Clan 小倉藩) forthe New Leaming in Ikutokukan (育徳館) in the earlyperiod of the Meiji Restoration. It was a sort of a modern school established by the Toyotsu Clan in January, 1870. The school had its origin in Kangaku (漢学 : Chinese studies, including Kokugaku or Japanese studies there) in May, 1758. The school (Ikutokukan) was produced and led to the paths of Western studies with the dominant tide of Eigaku (English studies) in the process of the Reform of the Educational System proceeded by the Meiji Government.The young Samurai student whose name was Kori Nagamasa [the secondson of Kayano Gonbei (萱野権兵衛 : one of the principal retainers for the Feudal Lord of the Aizu Clan, and he performed seppuku as a sacrificed subject or a martyr to the responsibilities of the Aizu War in place or the Lord of the Clan)] was dispatched to the new clan school of Toyotsu near Kokura with six other students, walking down southwest from Aizu about 980 miles. The accident befell to him in which he unfortunately and unconsciously dropped a letter to his mother and a student picked it up to read furtively, spreading so much wrong rumour among many students that he determined to commitseppuku (切腹) assolemnly as his father had done according to Bushido (武士道), the way of Japanese knighthood, Maylst. in 1871.The author of this thesis expresses the innermost sympathy for the young Samurai student who was not destined to see a longlived way of the survival in the faith of Christianity or in the Resurrection that might be found in the essentials of English studies. It might have been possible for him to study English with its culture and live the new spirit of life if he had been destined tobe enrolled in Ohashi School of Western Studies (大橋洋学校) in Ikutokukan, where Van Kasteel, an eminent teacher invited from Holland, taught a lot of pupils and students English, French, German, and Dutch languages about two years (October in 1871 ~Novenber in 1873). Therefore, the author touches on the grave questions of the Collision of Old and New Ideas as well as the introduction of the New Civilization including the growth of English Studies and the Modernization in terms of a criticism of English language and culture (Eigakuron : 英学論).

著者

石原 千里

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1984, no.16, pp.143-158, 1983

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This paper is concerned with Saburo Shioda (1843-1889), an experienced diplomat died in Peking, where he served as a Japanese Minister to China, and his vast collection of foreign books, more than half of which are now possessed by National Diet Library, Tokyo, Japan.<BR>The author happened to find a way to access to those books included in the Library : The books bearing a call number beginning with an alphabet from G to K, such as G-62, H-70, I-60, J-18, K-48, that are found in the Catalogue of the Imperial Library, 1898-1903, were identified as such. Those books, amounting to more than 700 in number, are of various fields; namely, philosophy, history, geography, social science, politics, law, education, art, language, literature, science, medicine, engineering, and others, published in 1716-1890. Among the collection there are three authored by Shioda himself. These three as well as the other large number of books in English tell us that the language which he first learned from a Japanese teacher, Gohachiro Namura, in Hakodate in 1856 when he was 13 years old, became a second language to him, helping towards enriching his knowledge on men and things and making him a person whose death was lamented by the people of both Japan and other countries.<BR>The records now available indicate that Shioda had willed his private library for public use, that his 454 French books were donated to Futsugakukai, Soc&eacute;t&eacute; de Langue francaise (the core of Hosei University), by his son in 1890, and that Mrs. Shioda donated the remaining 748 English books and 7 sheets (maps and documents) to Tokyo Library (present National Diet Library) in 1892. There is a possibility of finding the French books in Hosei University. In the history of French studies in Japan, Shioda is well-known as one of the first two Japanese that really acquired internationally recoginized skill in French.<BR>Shioda was elected to membership in the Peking Oriental Society in 1886 and to be the president of it in 1888. Some information obtained on the Society and its journal is also given in this paper.

著者

今井 一良

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1983, no.15, pp.15-32, 1982 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

16

---

On the 13th of February, 1860, the U. S. Steam Frigate Powhatan left Yokohama for the United States taking on board the members of the first Japanese Embassy to the U. S. Among them there were two men who had relation to the Kaga Clan. One is Kanae Sano and the other is Onojiro Tateishi. Sano had already been a professor of gunnery in Kaga then, but Tateishi, who was then a probationer interpreter, became an English teacher of Kanazawa School of English in Kaga ten years later.It is common knowledge that Tateishi was nicknamed “Tommy” and was a star among the American ladies.At sea some of the members learned English and Sano wrote this in a letter to a friend of his in Kaga. In it he mentioned that the chaplain, the Rev. Mr. Wood taught English to them through the assistance of Tommy.It goes without saying that Tommy was often reported in the American newspapers, but it is striking that Sano was also reported in the papers despite of his low position. The intellectual ability and culture which he exhibited impressed so many Americans.After he visited six countries in Europe joining the Takeuchi Mission to Europe in 1862, making good use of his experiences he devoted himself to the various fields of duties such as military affairs, diplomacy, education, etc. for the benefit of the Kaga Clan.After the Meiji Restoration he was appointed to an officer of the Ministry of Military Affairs by the new Japanese Government, and in 1871, in Tokyo he established the Kyoryu Gakko, a school in which the practical English was taught.He died of cholera on the 22nd of October, 1877 at the age of 47.Tommy was the second son of a retainer of the Tokugawas and born in 1843. His name was Keijiro Komeda, but as he could take part in the Japanese Embassy to the U. S. in the capacity of the adopted son of his uncle Tokujuro Tateishi, interpreter, his name was given as Onojiro Tateishi.After coming back to Japan he was appointed to the interpreter attached to the American legation in Yedo, and at the same time he kept an English school and taught many students.Through the period of the Meiji Restoration he engaged in battle against the new Government, and was injured in the leg. After the war he came back to Tokyo, but he changed his name into Keijiro Nagano so as not to be arrested.In 1872 he took part in the Iwakura Mission to America and Europe, visiting the U. S. and eleven European countries.After returning to Japan he successively held the posts of an officer of the Ministry of Industry and the Authorities of Hokkaido Development. From 1887 till 1889 he went to Hawaii as the superintendent of Japanese emigrants.Afterwards, for about eighteen years since 1891 he had been serving the Osaka High Court as an interpreter, and died on the 13th of January, 1917.

著者

遠藤 智夫

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1994, no.26, pp.71-83, 1993 (Released:2010-05-07)

参考文献数

28

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It is well known that the English word “philosophy” was translated into Japanese astetsugakuby Amane Nishi.The writer makes clear the circumstances under which Nishi coined the termtetsugaku.However, before Nishi coined it, the wordrigakuwas the term most com-monly used to mean “philosophy.” In 1791-92, in a translation of a Dutch book on astronomy, YoshinagaMotoki translated “philosophy” into various terms, such as 儒教・智学・窮理学・性理学・性理術. This was the first recorded translation of “philosophy” into these terms. And after twenty years, in a few Dutch-Japanese or English-Japanese dictionaries compiled around 1810, we can find the wordrigaku (理学).A case can be made that Yoshinaga Motoki and Dutch interpreters played an important role in the translation of the word “philosophy” into Japanese. But why didtetsugahucome to replacerigakuas the commonly accepted translation whenrigakuhad been used for so many years.After presenting a report at the regular monthly meeting in April, 1993, the writer tried to throw new light on this question, as well as on the issues of why opinions are divided on the books in which the termtetsugakuappeared, and why “philosophy” was not translated into its exact Japanese equivalentaichigaku (愛智学).

著者

長岡 祥三

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1996, no.28, pp.57-71, 1995

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Theodora was born in 1870 at London, the eldest daugher of Saburo Ozaki and his English wife Bathia Catherine Morrison. Mr. Ozaki came back to Japan, leaving his wife and three daughters in London. He later divorced Bathia according to Japanese law, but she remained his wife under the laws of England. By mutual agreement, she sent her eldest daughter Theodora to Japan to be taken care of by her father.<BR>In May of 1887, Theodora came to Japan at the age of sixteen. A few years later she became independent of her father, working as a private tutor and an English teacher at some girls' schools. In 1891 Mrs. Hugh Fraser, the wife of a British minister, sympathized with Theodora and asked her to came to the legation as her private secretary and companion.<BR>Theodora spent several happy years with Mrs. Fraser, but the latter had to go back to her home in Italy due to her husband's death in 1894. Theodora followed her the next year and enjoyed many pleasant days with her and her family. She met there Francis Marion Crawford, the well-known novelist and the brother of Mrs. Fraser. He encouraged her to write a book of fairy tales she had told sometimes in the family circle.<BR>After an absence of four years she returned to Japan at the beginning of 1899 to teach English at Keio Gijuku. Her first book &ldquo;<I>The Japanese Fairy Book</I>&rdquo; appeared in 1903 and achieved great success. She wrote three more books of old Japanese stories which also gained fine reputations.<BR>In 1905 she married the famous politician Yukio Ozaki who was the Mayor of Tokyo at that time. Thereafter she lived a happy life with him until she died from an illness at London in 1932 during her visit with her husband and her two daughters.

著者

尺 次郎

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1990, no.22, pp.169-178, 1989 (Released:2009-09-16)

著者

沼倉 研史 沼倉 満帆

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1988, no.20, pp.47-68, 1987 (Released:2010-01-25)

参考文献数

13

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Ninjun Takasugi was a granduncle of the great revolutionist Shinsaku Takasugi. Because Heibei Tagami adopted Ninjun as his heir, however, his final name was Uheida Tagami. In the late period of Edo era, Uheida was one of the advanced scholars of the Dutch language in Choshu which had a very progressive Daimyo. He translated many Dutch military books, mainly concerned with modern artillery, and introduced modern technologies to the Shogunate and his home province of Choshu. His translations played an important part in the period of the Meiji Restoration; however, his life and work have not been fully studied or recognized yet. In this article, his life will be reviewed and his achievement in Meiji Restoration will be discussed based on a recently discovered translation by him of an artillery book.In 1817, Uheida was born as the third son of Kozaemon Takasugi who was great grandfather of Shinsaku Takasugi in Hagi the capital of Choshu. Details of his younger days are not cleared. At first, he entered the Meirin-kan, the academy of Choshu. He studied conventional Japanese curriculums in this school. Then he went to Nagasaki and studied the fundamentals of the Dutch language and artillery. When he was 30 years old (1847), he went to Edo, the capital of old Japan and was admitted into the private school of Genboku Ito who was one of the most famous Dutch-style medical doctors of that period. In this school, many students gathered and studied the Dutch language. In a short time he became the supervisor of students instead of his teacher Genboku, because his ability to understand the Dutch language in the area of military technology was on a par with his teacher Genboku. He translated many Dutch military books for the Shogunate and for Daimyo Nabeshima of Saga. “The Shore artillery defence” is the only work of his which still remains. We found it at Nagasaki Library's Aokata-Bunko. He finished this work in August, 1849. This book was not just a simple translation of one Dutch textbook. In this textbook, he introduced four modern Dutch military textbooks, and explained the defence method of sea shore by artillery. We can imagine that when Nabeshima the Daimyo of Saga constructed his artillery bases on Saga shore, this work of Uheida was very useful to him.In 1851, Uheida came back to his home province Choshu. In this time, the pressures to reopen Japan to foreign countries became greater. Finaly, through American navy admiral Matthew C. Perry this happened in 1854. After this time Japan experienced a great revolutionary period. As Choshu was a hotbed for revolutionary activity against the centralized federal Shogunate, Uheida acted as a modern millitary specialist at Choshu. He introduced modern Western style technologies to Choshu's military preparation. Unfortunately he did not see much of the results of the Restoration, because he died in 1869, the second year of new Meiji Era.Uheida Tagami is not too famous as a Western-style Dutch scholar of late Edo period. His period of Dutch scholarship was short : however, he acted as a military specialist and made his mark upon the war between the Shogunate and Choshu, or new Meiji government.

著者

鈴木 彦四郎

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1979, no.11, pp.153-163, 1978-07-01 (Released:2009-09-16)

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あらすじ-ミッションスクールで英語を学び, はじめは, 作家を志望したが, 第一次大戦の好景気時代に中学の英語教師となり, 各地を転々とし, やがて英語科主任となり, 暗い谷間の中で高等教員検定試験に挑み合格。高商教授となったが, 戦争に突入して敗れ, 進駐軍の通訳, 語学専門学校設立, 大学講師, etc.と浮沈を重ね, 眼疾とたたかいながらも研究への情熱を絶やすことなく, 日本語と印欧語の関連性を追求した学究の足跡の記録。

著者

森川 隆司

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1979, no.11, pp.77-106, 1978-07-01 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

31

著者

山下 重一

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1999, no.31, pp.43-54, 1998 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

24

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This pager intends to examine the correspondence between Kaneko Kentarô and Herbert Spencer during Kaneko's stay in London in August 1892. Duncan's “Life and Letters of Herbert Spencer” includes three letters of Spencer to Kaneko dated 21st, 23rd and 26th of August, 1892, and London University Library holds a letter of Kaneko to Spencer dated 24th of August, 1892.In these letters, Spencer gave Kaneko very conservative advices, for example, house holder's suffrage, restriction of the National Assembly's function to the non-coercive advice to the government and to prohibition of the foreigner's rights to hold land, to work mines and to engage the coasting trade. He even declared that Japanese government gave “too large an instalment of freedom.” Though it seems curious that Spencer whose books inspired the people's rights movement gave to the Japanese Statesman such a “conservative advice”, it seems to be possible to imagine that Spencer was influenced by the opinion of Mori Arinori, who was intimate with him as a Japanese minister. Mori's draft of Japanese constitution written in 1884 includes some conservative views which Spencer advised to Kaneko eight years later. This paper aims to prove this estimation by examining Mori's views on constitution. Spencer was not a unconditional liberalist, but a gradualist who believed that a political institutions ought to fit to the each stage of social evolution. It seems possible to believe that when he was told by Mori on the low stage of Japanese social evolution, his conservative advices to Japanese government. naturally followed.This paper also includes an examination of the political thought of Baba Tatsui who as an ardent Spencerian, tried to utilize Spencer's theory of social evolution to support the people's rights movement, and a reference to the comments on Spencer's letters by Lafcadio Hearn, who heartly agreed with Spencer's advices to Kaneko.

著者

手塚 竜麿

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1974, no.6, pp.5-17, 1973-09-30 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

9

著者

今井 一良

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1985, no.17, pp.7-17, 1984

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Shigeko Uriu, nee Masuda is one of the first Japanese girl students sent to the U.S. in 1871. When she arrived at Washington D.C., she was only ten years old. In 1872 she was placed in the care of Rev. Dr. John S.C. Abbott in Fair Haven, Conn., and his daughter Miss Nelly Abbott became her second mother and teacher. For seven years she was brought up by Miss Abbott till she entered the Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, N. Y..<BR>In 1881, on her graduation from the Vassar College she came back to Japan. Next year she became a music teacher at the request of the Ministry of Education, and at the end of this year she got married to Sotokichi Uriu, a naval officer who was the first Japanese graduate of Annapolis. Thereafter besides teaching music and English at many schools, such as Tokyo Higher Girls' School, Tokyo Music School, and Tokyo Women's Higher Normal School, she lived to be a good wife and wise mother.<BR>On the 3rd of November, 1928, suffering from cancer of the rectum, she died at the age of sixty-seven.<BR>Now her fourth son is alive and has many articles left by his parents. Among them I found two interesting pieces of writing.<BR>One is her diary written in a notebook when she was at thirteen and fourteen years of age and the other is a document under the title of&lsquo;My recollections of the Early Meidji days&rsquo;.<BR>The former is written in fairly good English, though it was only a few years since she began to learn English. According to her diary she often made a trip around New England with Miss Abbott every summer vacation, and in July the 7th, 1875, after listening to Longfellow ricite his poems, she met him in Brunswick, Main. She also confessed the Christian faith in this diary of hers.<BR>The latter written in 1927, the year before she died, was printed in the Japan Advertiser on the 11th of September that year. In this article the observation of her childhood and the various amusing events which happened before and after her sending to America are described vividly, and it is concluded with the following:<BR>Our stay of three years in America was prolonged to ten years during which time we enjoyed perfect freedom as all American young girls of good families enjoy and the memory of our young lives in that dear country will nevelr fade.

著者

戸塚 武比古

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1984, no.16, pp.33-50, 1983 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

10

著者

早川 勇

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2006, no.38, pp.71-82, 2005 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

9

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As many as four hundred words have been borrowed into English from Japanese, most of which have their doubtless etymologies. There are, however, nine dubious words which are presumed to be borrowed from the Japanese language. They are bonze, soy (soya), mebos, gingko (ginkgo), funny, ramanas, rumaki, sharawaggi (sharawadgi) and hobo. Bonze, soy (soya), mebosu, and gingko (ginkgo) are definitely the words of Japanese origin, but they were indirectly borrowed into the English language. That is to say, they were borrowed from Japanese through Spanish or Portuguese or Dutch to English. The other five words are very difficult to ascertain their etymology.

著者

岩治 勇一

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

日本英学史研究会研究報告

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1966, no.60, pp.a1-a4, 1966

著者

井上 梯雄

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

日本英学史研究会研究報告

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1967, no.69, pp.10-14, 1967

著者

手塚 竜麿

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

日本英学史研究会研究報告 (ISSN:18839274)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1967, no.70, pp.1-5, 1967-02-04 (Released:2010-11-17)

著者

海江田 進

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1974, no.6, pp.35-43, 1973-09-30 (Released:2009-09-16)