著者

菊池 重郎

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1973, no.5, pp.153-168, 1972-04-30 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

11

著者

櫻井 豪人

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2002, no.34, pp.37-45, 2001 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

16

著者

堀 孝彦

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2004, no.36, pp.73-99, 2003 (Released:2010-05-07)

参考文献数

22

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Makino Tomitaro (1862-1957) was a well-known scholar of botany and the creator of an original Japanese botanical system. He succeeded in this because he was able to surpass the boundaries of botany, engaging himself in the study of the humanities on the basis of not only botanical works but also of works related to English Studies.A visit last year by Tomoo Endo and me to the Makino Library of the Prefectural Makino Botanical Garden in Kochi and an on-site research of his library and library catalogues enabled us to conclude that Makino Tomitaro was not only a botanist but also a scholar of English Studies. In this case the conventional notion of English Studies should be broadened and redefined as 'humanities', in the sense of the literae humaniores or the 'moral science' of 18th century England and Scotland. Just as the scope of Rangaku or the Study of Western sciences in Japan in the Edo period (through the Dutch language) went beyond Dutch Studies alone, English Studies were not restricted to English philology or English literature but treated by means of the English language all the Western sciences.This shows us once again what remarkable man Makino Tomitaro actually was.

著者

北原 かな子

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1998, no.30, pp.61-72, 1997 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

29

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Arthur Collins Maclay, the son of Rev. Robert Samuel Maclay the founder and first superintendent of the Japan mission of the Methodist Episcopal Church, stayed in Japan from 1873 to 1878 as an English teacher at To-o-gijuku (東奥義塾) of Hirosaki, Kogakuryo (工学寮) of Tokyo, and Chugakko (中学校) of Kyoto. After leaving Japan, he went to America and became alawyer, and a well-known author and lecturer on Japan and the Orient.A Budget of Lettes from Japan, written by Arthur Collins Maclay, was one of his activities to introduce Japanese culture to America. This book which was published in 1886, held public attention and won high praises in over seventy press notices.His writings vividly depict the life of Japanese people in the early Meiji Era as well as his own experiences in Japan. The descriptions of Hirosaki especially show us not only a young foreign teacher's intercultural experience in the province but also many facts which have been unknown so far.Since only a few attempts have hitherto been yet made, the purpose of this paper is to introduce Maclay's writings on Hirosaki with explanations of the circumstance and background of that time and to indicate the significance of his descriptions.

著者

橋本 かほる

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2001, no.33, pp.155-168, 2000 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

28

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The Nobility of Failure : Tragic Heroes in the History of Japan by Ivan Morris. This book traces a single theme throughout 16 centuries of Japanese civilization and the lives of nine of its heroes.Morris writes the motivation for writing this thesis was as follows.Mishima Yukio once suggested to me that my admiration for the beauty of Japanese Court culture and the tranquil world of Genji might have obscured the harsher, more tragic side of Japan. By concentrating my studies on men of action, whose brief lives were marked by struggle and turmoil, I have perhaps redressed the balance. He dedicated this book to Mishima.The nine tragic heroes dealt with by Morris are Prince Yamato Takeru, Yorozu, Prince Arima, Sugawara Michizane, Minamoto no Yoshitsune, Kusunoki Masashige, Amakusa Shiro, Ooshio Heihachiro, Saigo Takamori. What is the definition of “hero” ? The concept of quality of “makoto” which Japanese heroes have. Hoganbiiki (which literally meant “sympathy with the Lieutenant”). As well I will discuss western viewpoints on “hero”.I have doubts about Ooshio Heihachiro. Could he really have been a Japanese hero? If not, then why did Morris put Ooshio Heihachiro into this book? Here in this thesis, I want to consider the relation between Morris and Mishima from that point.

著者

篠田 左多江

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1995, no.27, pp.151-164, 1994 (Released:2009-10-07)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

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Joaquin Miller, a well-known poet as the “Byron of Oregon”, lived his final years on the hills above Oakland, California. Many literary figures and artists gathered there, which seemed to be “a mecca for the lovers of art.” Among them was Yone Noguchi, who wrote some volumes of poetry and was praised in the U. S. and England. He returned to Japan as a world-famous poet.At the turn of the century some Japanese young men follwed Noguchi to stay at Miller's heights, since Miller was born to a Quaker family and was not a racist. Some of them hoped to be poets and others, painters.Isen Kanno, who was born in Sanuma, Miyagi Prefecture, and studied theology in Doshisha, came to Oakland in 1903 and became one of Miller's students. While he learned the art of composing poetry, he fell in love with a sculptress, Gertrude F. Boyle, who stayed there to make a bust of Miller's mother. Though the Japanese were then prohibited from marrying the white American women by law, he was married to Gertrude to prove what love could do.He wrote articles for the Japanese immigrants' newspapers and composed poetry. One of his works was Creation Dawn privately published in 1913, which was staged at the Forest Theater in Carmel-by-the-Sea with Mr. and Mrs. Kanno playing parts of hero and heroin. They got a great reputation from both Japanese and Americans by this performance. Isen Kanno must have been happy to be successful, but Fortune didn't keep smiling on him. His happy life was suddenly broken by his wife's love affair with a young art student, Eitaro Ishigaki. This scandal created such a great sensation among the San Franciscans that Gertrude and Ishigaki could stay there no longer and moved to New York. Isen suffered from the betrayal by the two he had believed in. After a month he left Miller's heights and went to Aileton to be a farmer.This is an essay on Isen Kanno's life from his birth to the days he lived in Oakland and San Francisco. The rest of his life will be made clear in the next essay.

著者

今井 一良

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1984, no.16, pp.51-62, 1983

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At the end of the second year of Meiji (1869 A. D.) an English <I>oyatoi</I> came to Nanao, a port town in Kaga, in order to teach English and French at a school there. <BR>The name of the school was Nanao Gogakusho i. e. Nanao Foreign Language School that was established by Kanazawa Clan as the branch school of Chienkan, English language school founded by the clan in Kanazawa.<BR>This Englishman's name has been known as Osborn, but it was not until seven years ago that his first name became known. His full name was Percival Osborn, and at the same time his Japanese wife's name and his career in Japan etc. were proved as the fruit of the late Mr. Tsukahara's and my many years' study.<BR>Percival was born in London on the 16th of September in 1842. His father John Jenks Osborn was an American army officer stationed at Aachen in Germany and he was given an education in Germany and Switzerland besides England. So he learned German and French in addition to English.<BR>In 1867 he landed in Japan via China. When he came to Nanao, his Japanese wife named Seto was pregnant and on the 15th of June in 1870 his son George was born there.<BR>The number of his pupils was about thirty and many among them grew up to make their names immortal. They contributed greatly to the modernization of Japan, and especially following six men are famous : Joji Sakurai ; a doctor of science, Jokichi Takamine; a doctor of pharmacy and science, Isoji Ishiguro; a doctor of engineering, Jintaro Takayama; ditto, Seijiro Hirai; ditto, and Sotokichi Uriu; an admiral.<BR>For about two years from 1871 he had been employed as a teacher of English and French at the school of Okayama Clan.<BR>In Novenber 1872 he was employed in the Kanagawa prefectural government and had filled the post of foreign secretary for nearly seventeen years. Japanese government decorated him with the third order for his sincere service to the local government.<BR>In 1890 he went back to England with his wife and two children. His daughter Agnes was born in Yokohama in 1876.<BR>After he returned to his native country, he lived in comfort and died at Vevey in Switzerland in 1905. Now his granddaughter Margaret is in good health and lives at Uckfield in East Sussex, England.

著者

今井 一良

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1984, no.16, pp.51-62, 1983 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

17

---

At the end of the second year of Meiji (1869 A. D.) an English oyatoi came to Nanao, a port town in Kaga, in order to teach English and French at a school there. The name of the school was Nanao Gogakusho i. e. Nanao Foreign Language School that was established by Kanazawa Clan as the branch school of Chienkan, English language school founded by the clan in Kanazawa.This Englishman's name has been known as Osborn, but it was not until seven years ago that his first name became known. His full name was Percival Osborn, and at the same time his Japanese wife's name and his career in Japan etc. were proved as the fruit of the late Mr. Tsukahara's and my many years' study.Percival was born in London on the 16th of September in 1842. His father John Jenks Osborn was an American army officer stationed at Aachen in Germany and he was given an education in Germany and Switzerland besides England. So he learned German and French in addition to English.In 1867 he landed in Japan via China. When he came to Nanao, his Japanese wife named Seto was pregnant and on the 15th of June in 1870 his son George was born there.The number of his pupils was about thirty and many among them grew up to make their names immortal. They contributed greatly to the modernization of Japan, and especially following six men are famous : Joji Sakurai ; a doctor of science, Jokichi Takamine; a doctor of pharmacy and science, Isoji Ishiguro; a doctor of engineering, Jintaro Takayama; ditto, Seijiro Hirai; ditto, and Sotokichi Uriu; an admiral.For about two years from 1871 he had been employed as a teacher of English and French at the school of Okayama Clan.In Novenber 1872 he was employed in the Kanagawa prefectural government and had filled the post of foreign secretary for nearly seventeen years. Japanese government decorated him with the third order for his sincere service to the local government.In 1890 he went back to England with his wife and two children. His daughter Agnes was born in Yokohama in 1876.After he returned to his native country, he lived in comfort and died at Vevey in Switzerland in 1905. Now his granddaughter Margaret is in good health and lives at Uckfield in East Sussex, England.

著者

遠藤 智比古

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1989, no.21, pp.169-184, 1988-10-01 (Released:2010-08-10)

参考文献数

26

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The main theme of this paper is to make clear when and how the names of shichiyo were translated from European languages into Japanese.The writer examined representative Dutch-Japanese dictionaries compiled in the Edo era and important English-Japanese or Japanese-English dictionaries published in the late years of Edo era and in the early years of the Meiji era.In the oldest, extant English-Japanese dictionary ‘_??__??__??__??__??__??__??__??_’ (1811) by Shôei Motoki, we can find the names of shichiyo in the same forms as in the present use. But about 20 years before, Shôei's father Yoshinaga Motoki made an astroromical translation from Dutch, and in his book (1791-1792), we can find shichiyo such as_??__??__??_, _??__??__??_, _??__??__??_, _??__??__??_, _??__??__??_, _??__??__??_, _??__??__??_.It may be said that Yoshinaga Motoki and his son played an important role in the translation of shichiyo.In the process of his translation, he seemed to refer to Latin. How was he able to have a knowledge of Latin? In 1595, Christian missionaries made a Latin-Portuguese-Japanese dictionary in Amakusa. He could consult this dictionary.After presenting a report at the regular monthly meeting in May, 1988, the writer knew that shichiyo appeared as _??__??_, _??_, _??_, _??_, _??_, _??_, _??_ in ‘Midokampakuki’ by Michinaga Fujiwara (998). Why were they in the same order as in the present use?What is the relation between the theory of the five natural elements _??__??__??__??__??_ (i.e. wood, fire, earth, metal and water) and the naming of shichiyo?The writer hopes this paper will help scholars make further studies.

著者

井田 好治

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1986, no.18, pp.85-100, 1985-11-01 (Released:2010-02-22)

参考文献数

7

---

The purpose of this paper is to make something unknown known by describing concisely the contents of the above-named Calendar in terms of the teaching of English in the early years of the Meijiera.The description begins with the historical outline of the Tokio Kaisei-Gakko, or Imperial University of Tokio, which derives its origin from the Bakufu institutions for Western learning and studies. The following sections deal with its organization, admission, teachers both oyatoi and Japanese, catalogue and analysis of students enrolled.Much has been written about the curriculum of the General Course, especially about the syllabuses of English Language and Literature, Logic and Rhetoric. English textbooks used in the Course are also mentioned.The final section is given to some illustrations of questions set at the annual examination in July, 1876 by oyatoi professors. Additionally, the books located in the Kaisei-Gakko Library is classified and counted.

著者

関口 英男

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1996, no.28, pp.29-41, 1995 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

5

---

I discovered several old Japanese tombs even in the North East of England. Some were tombs of Japanese students who died accidentally without seeing their homeland again.Bysaku Fukao was one of the unfortunate. He fell from the dock at Middlesbrough and drowned at the age of 18, on 14th November 1873. He was engaged as an articled pupil with Dixon and Company, Shipbuilding firm and studied at Walworth House College, Darlington at the same time. He was buried in Darlington West Cemetry.Katsu Iwamoto was another. His tomb was found in St. John's Church Cemetry in Newcastle. His name was listed in the “List of Students” of Durham University Calendar 1877-78. He was a naval cadet when he was ordered by the Ministry of Imperial Japanese Navy to study gun manufacturing. But unfortunately he contracted tuberculosis and died four months later at the age of 20, on 21st June 1877.With these predecessors' great effort the modern industrial Japan was created.

著者

菊池 重郎

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

日本英学史研究会研究報告 (ISSN:18839274)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1966, no.45, pp.a1-a8, 1966-03-26 (Released:2010-11-17)

著者

松野 良寅

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1994, no.26, pp.103-123, 1993 (Released:2009-10-07)

参考文献数

11

---

German medicine had overwhelming influence by its theoretical study on the medical circles of Japan from the 10th year of Meiji (1877). It was adopted by the Daigaku-tokoO, the predecessor of the medical department of the Tokyo Imperial University, in 1869, when British medicine, whose supeority in practical medicine was shown by William Willis, was being forgotten in the medical circles, and doctors and students were showing a marked trend toward medical research for research's sake.Kanehiro Takagi, who learned British medicine as a Japanese naval surgeon at the attached medical school of St. Thomas's Hospital in London, insisted on having to change such a trend and make more account of medical treatment in order to deliver patients from their illness. He supposed beriberi, which in those days was thought to be caused by germs, would be caused by lack of some nutriments. He buckled himself down to the work of improving meals of the naval men and at last succeeded in protecting them against beriberi. And since 1884 an outbreak of beriberi had never been seen among the Japanese navy.This paper treats from the viewpoint of the English studies in Japan how much British medicine influenced upon Kanehiro Takagi, one of the naval surgeons in the Meiji era, and also how much British pragmatism infiltrated into the Japanese navy. After all Takagi owed a great deal to British medicine based on pragmatism and it can be said that his success in stamping out beriberi among the Japanese navy was a victory of British medicine.

著者

松野 良寅

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1999, no.31, pp.147-166, 1998 (Released:2009-09-16)

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The Russian government sent Nikolai P. Rezanov as the sencond special envoy to Japan in 1804, but, to his great disappointment his offers were refused and the negotiations broke down.His disappointment turned into resentment, until he made up his mind to seek revenge on Japan and ordered his men, Khvostov and Davidov, to make assaults on Japanese bases in Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, in retaliation for Japan's refusal of Russia's requirement for trade.Khvostov assaulted Etorofu Island, plundering the island and setting fire to the guardhouse and the warehouse, and when he left the island, he left a note behind to the Japanese official. By having Doeff, superintendent of Dutch factory, read the note, it was found that the note was a declaration written in Russian and French, showing their motive for their assaults on Japanese bases.After that, another incident happened at Kunashiri Island in 1811. The Diana, a Russian surveying ship, appeared off Kunashiri Island and when the captain V. M. Golovnin and his men were getting to land, Japanese officials played tricks on the Russians and succeeded in capturing them.Golovnin and seven other Russians were transferred to Matsumae and imprisoned there for about two years.During their imprisonment, Golovnin instructed Sadasuke Murakami, Sajaroh Baba, Sanai Adachi and others in Russian. As each student had by nature an aptitude for languages the instruction in Russian by Golovnin was quite successful and it was to take the initiative in studying foreign languages except Dutch in Japan.

著者

井田 好治

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1976, no.8, pp.115-136, 1975-09-30 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

16

著者

河元 由美子

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1998, no.30, pp.151-168, 1997 (Released:2010-05-07)

参考文献数

36

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The Glossary of English and Japanese Words' written by Ranald MacDonald (1824 -1894) contains a few words peculiar to the dialects of Northeastern Japan and those of Kyushu. About the Kyushu dialect, there have been comments by numbers of scholars, however, about the Northeastern dialect, no one but Dr. Yoshio Yoshimachi, has ever suggested the existence of Northeastern dialect in the MacDonald's 'Glossary'.This paper attempts to find out some phonological regularities in descriptions in the vocabulary of the 'Glossary' and determine the words in questions whether they are dialectal words or not, referring to the phonological characteristics observed in both dialects at present.Regarding the fact that MacDonald had been captured in Ezo, the present Hokkaido, for almost 3 months before being sent to Nagasaki, he must have heard the Japanese language spoken in that area. His first Japanese informant, Tangaro, is likely to be a temporary employee of the guard house in Rishiri Island, then under the control of the Soya Headquaters of the Bakufu. The history of the Northern Japan tells that there were numbers of military people despatched from northern parts of Honshu to Ezo to defend the land and the people from the Russian intrusion; besides them, many fishermen and farmers also crossed the Tsugaru Straits seeking the temporary jobs. Tangaro must have been one of them.This paper includes on the result of the interview check with the native speakers of the two representative cities, Aomori and Nagasaki, in order to check if the people there accept or approve of the words in questions in the MacDonld's 'Glossary' as their dialects. Also, other Word Lists written by foreign scholars such as Thumberg, Curtius, Sansom are refered to, to observe how they describe the Japanese dialectal words in their works.

著者

梅渓 昇

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1970, no.2, pp.28-35, 1970-09-30 (Released:2009-09-16)

著者

藤野 紀男

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1985, no.17, pp.57-66, 1984-10-01 (Released:2010-02-22)

著者

福永 郁雄

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1986, no.18, pp.59-74, 1985-11-01 (Released:2010-02-22)

参考文献数

55

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Eugene Van Reed was born in Reading, Berks County, Pennsylvania in 1835 (the date and month are as yet unknown) and in 1851 moved to San Francisco with his family where the heady days of the 1849 gold-rush were disappearing fast. In San Francisco he met a Japanese castaway, Hikozo Hamada who was later baptized and became known as Joseph Heco and under his guidance studied Japanese. Van Reed's motives are not clear but possibly as a result of his studies and the influence of Heco he formed a liking for Japan and Japanese civilization.Van Reed's first visit to Japan was in 1859 when the country was opened to the West, after a long period of isolation, forced by the Matthew C. Perry expedition of 1853. He spent the next 13 years in Yokohama apart from two brief visits to America. He contracted tuberculosis and in 1873 left Japan for the last time dying at sea on February 2nd of the same year. A prophecy he had made in his earlier writings was fulfilled. “Is not the broad, boundless sea our open grave?” (“California to Japan, ” Berks & Schuylkill Journal, June 25, 1859).During his time in Yokohama he worked as a clerk with the American Consul at Kanagawa, a salaried salesman with Augustine Heard & Co., an independent merchant and as an auctioneer of imported rice. He also authored Japanese-English lexicons, the world topography and so forth, wrote some articles for newspapers in his hometown, Reading, published a newspaper in Japanese, the“Moshihogusa”and at the peak of his career served as the Consul-General for the Kingdom of Hawaii. Van Reed has been condemned by some as an unscrupulous merchant but praised by others as a pillar of good standing.The latter opinion was held by some newspapers in his hometown. “His present residence is at Yedo, where he takes a prominent part in all the Court proceedings and pageantries of the extroadinary young Prince the Mikado who seems to be the instrument for the advance of civilization and christianity in the oriental world, ” (“Late news from Japan, ” Berks & Schuylkill Journal, December 28, 1872). The former opinion was voiced by Mr. Hideo Ono in 1934 who later became a professor in Tokyo University. He wrote as follows, “Van Reed was one of those foreigners who made money as a broker dealing in (emigrant) labor and like many other foreign merchants at the time, he also trafficked in arms and imported rice. He sold the (emigrant) labor into slavery and apparently was ostracized by the foreign community. Whatever the case may be, he did not move in the company of such excellent Americans as Hepburn and Ballagh (two scholarly missionaries in Japan in the mid-19th century-A. A.) and did not possess a particularly fine character. ” (The translation quoted from Albert Altman's thesis, “Eugene Van Reed, a Reading Man in Japan 1859-872, ” Historical Review of Berks County, winter, 1964-65).These two opinions lack factual basis and do not reflect the real Van Reed. Both were dependent to some extent on sources which were, to say the least, far from reliable and indicate that the writers wrote what they wanted to believe rather than what actually happened. To assert that Van Reed played an active role in the court of the Mikado is far from the truth. In reality Van Reed as the Consul-General for the Kingdom of Hawaii attended the Japanese New Year Celebrations (10th February, 1872) when his Majesty the Tenno received the foreign representatives in a body. (Letter of Charles O. Olipand to Charles C. Harris, Hawaiian Minister for Foreign Affairs, February 27, 1872). With respect to the charges flung at him as a wicked trader selling humans into bondage the “Japan Times' Overland Mail”, October 7, 1868 writes of Mr. Van Reed's philanthropic attempt to improve the position of the serfs of this country.

著者

篠田 武清

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

日本英学史研究会研究報告 (ISSN:18839274)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1967, no.80, pp.1-6, 1967-09-02 (Released:2010-11-17)