著者

山本 晴彦

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.77-83, 1992

被引用文献数

1

著者

池永 寛明

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

日本農業気象学会大会講演要旨 日本農業気象学会2008年全国大会講演要旨

巻号頁・発行日

pp.102, 2008 (Released:2010-03-15)

著者

飯塚 一郎

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.30-32, 1961

被引用文献数

1

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This study was made to investigate the pulling strengths between fruits and their stalks, and the resistance of fruits to wind in various fruits.<br>Among the pulling strengths between the shoots and the fruit stalks which were pulled towards different directions, the strength pulled towards basal direction was weahest, and followed, in order, by tangential, apical and radical direction. And also the pulling strengths among the various fruits were weak in following order: Japanese pear, apple, peach, fig, but in the case of the Unshu and persimmon fruits, the pulling strength could not be measured because their stalks had been broken in the middle by pulling. The pulling strength between the fruits and their stalks was weakest in the peach fruits, but strongest in the fig fruits.<br>The resistance of the various fruits to wind had tendency to increase in proportion to the cross sectional area of fruits, and increased slowly and proportionally with increasing wind velocity, moreover increased very rapidly when wind velocity reached more than 16 meters per second. The resistance of Japanese pear fruits bagged with news paper bags was five to eight times stronger than unbagged fruits.<br>If the wind velocity at which wind drops the bagged Japanese pear fruits is estimated from the data measured, these fruits will drop when the wind velocity rises over 17m/s.<br>If the velocity of fruits themselves, when blown by the wind and cut off stalks, shoots colliding with each other, is estimated, this velocity will be 0.45m/s for peach fruits, 0.31 for apple, and 5.5 for persimmon, respectively.

著者

篠原 久男

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.23-24, 1953

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In this paper the anther studied on the air temperature of which influences the first flowering-date of the flowering cherry at the five places in Korea. Each periods which air temperature influence first flowering. Mate is as follows. And() shows daily mean air temperature &deg;C.<br>Pusan Feb. 12 (2.5)-Apr. 3 (10.3). Wonsan Feb. 10 (-2.8)-Apr. 21 (10.2).<br>Mokko Feb. 24 (2.1)-Apr. 10 (10.2). Sonchin Feb. 15 (-3.0)-May 6 (9.3).<br>Chonju Feb. 11 (-0.9)-Apr. 12 (10.3).

著者

日野 義一

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.4, pp.229-234, 1980

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東北地方南部太平洋側特有の春季多照条件を効果的に利用する栽培法として, 4月下旬の田植えについて検討して来た。その結果, 従来の田植時期 (5月10日) に比べて, 生育, 収量が向上することがわかったため, 1977, 1978の両年現地実証試験を宮城県内で行なった。<br>両年次の早植時期 (4月下旬) における県内温度分布では, 最高気温は比較的高い14~17℃の範囲であるが, 平均気温は8~12℃, 最低気温は2~6℃の範囲に分布し, この時期には, 低温障害発生危険温度を示す。しかし, 水田水温の推定値からみれば, 最高水温は24~28℃, 平均水温11~15℃, 最低水温3~9℃となって, 最低水温のやや低い地帯があるが, 水田水温全体からみれば, 低温障害の恐れのある地帯は極あて少ないことがわかった。<br>なお, 主な試験地における水田水温 (地表温度) の平均温度はほとんど12℃以上で経過していた。<br>田植日から最高分げつ期までの積算値でみると, 日照時数では両年次で, 早植 (4月20日) は標準植 (5月10日) より約70~100時間多い。気温, 水田水温では両田植日間にあまり大きな差がない。早植はやや少ない気温を示しているが, 水田水温では, 早植が多くなっている。<br>最高分げつ期から出穂期まで間の積算値では, 日照, 気温, 水田水温とも田植日による差は小さい。この間に含まれる梅雨期の影響が大きい。<br>出穂後40日間の積算値では, 日照, 気温, 水田水温とも早植の方が標準値より多く, 登熟期間中の気象は早植の場合に好条件となった。<br>各試験田の初期生育量 (乾物重量) は, 早植ほど増加傾向を示し, さらに4月末までに田植えした場合の収量は両年次とも600kg/10a以上となり, 現地においても早植栽培の効果が確認された。

著者

羽生 寿郎 山田 幸兵衛

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.45-48, 1954

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In Aomori prefecture the prevailing north-easterlies have been named &ldquo;Yamase-winds&rdquo;. In warm period they accompany the cold and bad weather, and so great concern has been given them from the standpoint of agriculture.<br>The authors classified the wind directions of 10.00 JST observed at Hachinohe Weather Station for the five months from April to September, for the period of 1937-1951 and made some statistical study.<br>A. The range of wind direction and climatic characters of Yamase winds from May to August are as follows:<br>(1) The wind direction ranges from NNW to SE including E.<br>(2) The principal winds of Yamase (NE, ENE, E) are about 5&deg;C lower that of prevailing westerlies (SW, WSW, W) and about 18% wetter in relative humidity.<br>(3) Yemase-winds are more frequent than the westerlies in all kinds of weather, but the percentage of occurrence of low cloud overcast, rainy and foggy days for the Yamase-winds is greater than that for the westerlies and vice versa for the percentage of occurrence of fine and high and middle cloud overcast days.<br>(4) The duration of sunshine is generally shorter for Yamase than the westerlies, but in NE and ENE winds, sunshine is more abundant in Yamase. This may be because of the direction of the sea breezes being included in the range of Yamase-winds.<br>B. The relation between notable low temperatures and Yamase-wands. The monthly mean air tempertures corrected by the deviation of wind direction are obtained from the formula (1) (&Delta;&theta;_d, <i>n</i>_d are mean air temperature departures and number of days for each direction. <i>n</i> is number of days a month.) and shown by the broken lines in Fig. 5. In the year of bad harvest the actual air temperature departures (full line) are 2-3&deg;C lower than the former. It is considered that these differences are due to the kind of air mass or bad weather.<br>In order to see the effect of bad weather the wind directions are classified into two groups, the Yamase winds (NNW-SE) and other winds including calm, and the kinds of weather are classified into five groups, clear, fine, high and middle cloud overcasts, low cloud overcast and rain including fog. Then the monthly mean temperature departures corrected according to weathar and wind direction are obtained by the formula (2) (&Delta;&theta;_w, <i>n</i>_w are mean temperature departures and number of days for each kind of weather for each wind direction) and are shown by the dotted lines in Fig. 5. During the summers of 1941 and 1945, the monthly mean temperatures are much lower than these values. Therefore, it is considered that these notable low temperatures are due to the cold air mass.

著者

Mari Murai-HATANO Tsuneo KUWAGATA Hidehiro HAYASHI Junko Ishikawa-SAKURAI Masahisa MORIYAMA Masumi OKADA

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.2, pp.124-135, 2015 (Released:2015-06-10)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

1 9

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Transpiration, the evaporation from aerial parts of plants, is major driving force for the roots to uptake water from the soil. Aquaporins, the water channel proteins, are thought to play crucial roles in regulation of root hydraulic conductivity. Here we demonstrate that the evaporative demand plays a dominant role in the induction of specific aquaporins in rice (Oryza sativa) roots in seedlings grown hydroponically and then transferred to an open field. We found that the abundance of the root-specific aquaporin transcripts, OsPIP2;4, OsPIP2;5 and OsTIP2;1 at 8 a.m. is highly correlated with the evaporative demand in the morning (evaluated from potential evaporation averaged over 4 h before root sampling). Aquaporin isoforms with higher correlation to potential evaporation showed higher diurnal amplitude of their expression. Our study suggests that rice plants sense daily weather and responded to it by adjusting the expression of specific root aquaporin genes.

著者

井上 聡 高橋 裕一 川村 宏 大西 拓也 松沢 茂 小畑 征二郎 川島 茂人 小野瀬 浩司 盧 珊

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

日本農業気象学会大会講演要旨

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.90-90, 2008

著者

広田 知良 山﨑 太地 安井 美裕 古川 準三 丹羽 勝久 根本 学 濱嵜 孝弘 下田 星児 菅野 洋光 西尾 善太

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

生物と気象

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.34-45, 2017

被引用文献数

10

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Although climatic conditions had hindered the introduction of Pinot Noir, a cultivar of wine grape (<i>Vitis vinifera</i>), to areas such as Yoichi and Sorachi, Hokkaido, northernmost Japan, the growing region of the cultivar has recently extended. We analyzed meteorological data to obtain the rationale for the successful cultivation of Pinot Noir in Hokkaido; climate shift since 1998 pointed by Kanno (2013), i.e., rise in summer temperature, facilitated cultivation of the variety. Today, Yoich and Sorachi have become the right locations for growing the cultivar, and it has also been grown in other areas. Indeed, the vintage chart in Tokachi indicated the consistent, good harvest of grape since 1998. There is negative correlation in the average monthly temperature between April and August, and positive correlation between August and September ever since the climate shift. We hypothesize the benefits of the climate shift in terms of wine production as follows: 1) in years with low April temperature and high summer temperature, the growth rate in early stage delays, but the temperature required for grape maturation is secured by high temperature in August and September; and 2) in years with warm April and subsequent cool summer, early growth start keeps the growing season long enough, which may have compensated the risk of poor grape maturation in cool summer. Thus, climate change is considered to have favored the cultivation of Pinot Noir in Hokkaido.

著者

卜蔵 建治 山下 洋 鈴木 哲夫

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.4, pp.309-315, 1982-03-10 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

7

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Using the original infrared digital data of GMS, we obtained the distribution of equivalent black body temperature of the land surface of Tohoku District in the cold summer in 1980 and examined the locality of rice-plant damage caused by cool air mass in that summer.Obtained results are as follows:1. There is a close relationship between the distribution of paddy rice index and the trajectory of cold maritime air mass, what we call “Yamase”, in the northern Tohoku District.2. Inspection of the data derived from the extensive observations without discontinuity make clear the relation between the low temperature area caused by “Yamase” and the damaged area as well as the relation between the trajectory of “Yamase” and orographic features.3. During the prevailing period of “Yamase”, the sensible heat supply from ground surface in daytime is too small to bring about the upward motion in cloud layer, while the increase in horizontal momentum is significant in the cloud layer.4. It is confirmed that the clouds caused by “Yamase” attain the coastal region of the Sea of Japan crossing over the Oou Mountains. The accurate prediction of this phenomenon is likely to be of great importance so as to prevent the cold summer damage.5. In the southern Tohoku District, cloud formation due to Baiu-front activity makes it insufficient to detect the low-level “Yamase” current using the data of the observation from space.6. The data of vertical temperature profile radiometer are needed to analyze “Yamase” advecting in lower layer.7. This is the first time for the area damaged owing to “Yamase” in cold summer to be investigated using the GMS data. Accumulation of the case studies like this will hopefully help us to make out more accurately what the relation between the damaged area and the trajectory of “Yamase” is all about.

著者

山本 雄二郎

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.3, pp.273-280, 1985-12-10 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

5 5

著者

武田 知己 小熊 宏之 石濱 史子 竹中 明夫

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.4, pp.237-244, 2010-03-10 (Released:2011-04-04)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

2 1

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Information on the ground surface can now be acquired easily and highly accurately using digital aerial photographs. A digital canopy model (DCM), which is calculated by subtracting a digital terrain model (DTM) from a digital surface model (DSM) of the vegetation, provides useful information for studies of wild animal habitats and plant species distributions. However, DCMs have been used mainly for forests, and their validity for herbaceous plants requires further verification. In this study, we used the ADS40 airborne digital sensor to clarify the relationship between a DCM and the height of herbaceous species. Our study area was the Watarase wetland in the northern Kanto Plain, central Japan. Suitable habitats for the many rare plants found in this wetland are maintained by controlled burning in early spring. We acquired three DSMs: just after the controlled burn in April 2006; in August 2006, when the vegetation height peaked; and in April 2007, also just after the controlled burn. We calculated the DCM based on the difference between the August DSM and a DTM developed by using the minimum height values from the two April DSMs. We also performed a field survey during the August DSM acquisition, during which we measured the height of the uppermost leaves with a measuring pole at 16 measurement points and estimated the vegetation structure from photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) profiles measured with quantum sensors at each point. The calculated DCM height correlated very well to the height of the uppermost leaves (r2 = 0.96), although it was about 100 cm lower. In contrast, the DCM and the height of maximum intercepted PPFD were highly correlated (r2 = 0.97) and showed a 1:1 relationship.

著者

菅野 洋光 小沢 聖

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.4, pp.337-344, 1999-12-10 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

1

著者

鈴木 義則 山本 薫

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.9-15, 1985-06-10 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1

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In the western parts of Japan, there are frequent risks of frost damage on several crops such as tea plants, vine and others in the late spring. Experimental studies on protection of plants from the cold by sprinkling method utilizing latent heat of solidification were carried out to make establish practical application methods for the sake of saving water consumption.The main purpose of the experiments is to find the lowest value of effective sprinkling intensity under several air temperature conditions. Through discussions on the fitness of spray catching ratio, the experimental results were examined with the theoretical values by Niemann's and by the author's.Some results found in the experiments at cold night with radiative cooling are summarized as follows:1) Temperature of iced leaf under sprinkling could not increase up to 0°C under both conditions of lower air temperatures and smaller sprinkling intensity. There were clearly critical point of sprinkling intensity, which could maintain leaf temperature around 0°C. These points which are defined as the lowest value of effective sprinkling intensity were also changed with surrounding air temperatures. They became larger as air temperatures became lower. The relations between them was a linear one (Fig. 3.). Having compared the measured values with the theoretical values in their tendencies in the graph, it was found that the Niemann's one differed from the actual one especially in the lower temperature range but the author's one agree well throughout the giving range of temperature.2) The spray catching ratio measured using grouped branches with leaves of cranberry tree (Viburnum awabuki K. Koch) showed almost constant values in the range from 0.1 to 4.6mm·hr-1 of sprinkling intensity and was about 0.29 on average (Fig. 4.). The theoretical values by Niemann's method changed from 0.27 (at O°C) to 0.36 (at -4°C). On the other hand, the author's one was 0.27 (0--4°C), which was more close value to the experimental one.3) The fall-off of leaf temperature after 20 minutes of sprinkling-off changed proportionally to the initial leaf temperature, when air temperatures were -3.0--5.8°C. They became larger as initial leaf temperature became higher (nearly equal to 0°C). These relations were also changed parallely with air temperatures, that is, the fall-off of leaves temperatures became large as lowering of air temperatures.4) After re-sprinkling, the iced leaf temperature which was lowered to around air temperature began to increase showing the shape of saturation curve. The larger the sprinkling intensity was, the shorter the required time to make plant body temperature 0°C was. But in the case of smaller intensity of sprinkling, the required time became longer exponentially.

著者

Keiko Kai Mikiko Kainuma Naomi Murakoshi Kenji Omasa

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.5, pp.771-774, 1993 (Released:2010-03-16)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

4 8

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Strong correlations were found between blooming dates and meteorological factors. Based on these correlations, predictive maps of blooming dates in the Japanese Islands were proposed for each case of 1, 2 and 3°C of warming. The correlation was tested for the blooming dates of Prunus yedoensis, Prunus mume, Camellia japonica, Taraxacum, Rhododendron kaempferi, Wistaria floribunda, Lespedeza bicolor, Hydrangea macrophylla, Lagerstroemia indica, Miscanthus sinensis, etc., using the data of monthly mean temperatures, warming indices and cold indices from 102 meteorological stations in Japan between 1953-1990. Simple and multiple regression analyses were used for the correlation.Among meteorological factors, the strongest correlation was shown for monthly mean temperatures. Notably, the strongest was obtained for the case of Prunus yedoensis. The cold index and mean temperature of the previous December also showed the best correlation for species such as Prunus mume and Camellia japonica. Strong correlations between the leaf color-changing dates of Ginkgo biloba and Acer palmatum and the monthly mean temperature were found in one month of autumn. In these species, there was a delay of 2-7 days with a 1 degree increase in mean temperature.The 30-year 1km2 temperature-climate mesh-file developed by the Japan Meteorological Agency was used for the phenological estimation and predictive maps of blooming dates. Each observatory station was classified according to its annual mean temperature. Blooming for each mesh was estimated through monthly mean temperatures and regression equations of corresponding stations. Then, distribution maps of predictive blooming dates distinguished by 5-day divisions were made.

著者

庄野 浩資 天羽 弘一 高倉 直

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.87-92, 1989-09-10 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1 2

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A method to detect cucumber fruits in the canopy using image processing technique has been studied, with the aim of robotic harvesting. This method distinguishes a fruit from the other parts of the plant, not by the difference in their colors, but by the difference in shapes.The brightness in the digitized image was differentiated in horizontal direction, and clipped into three values (+, 0, -) by two thresholds. Then ridge-lines were drawn between (+) value area and (-) value area.The ridge-line images ordinarily contain some noise from the other parts of the plant. Accordingly, two images for the same scene were taken, one was illuminated from the left and the other was illuminated from the right. The center line image was obtained by comparing the two ridgeline images in consideration of the shift of the fruit's ridge-line which was calculated by a model. After the noise was reduced in the center line image, the center line of the fruit remained.This method contains four unknown parameters, and it was found that these parameters have the optimum value. But there were some deviations in the optimum values obtained from different images. The deviations were not so severe as to make the detection impossible in our experiment, but in general it is necessary to determine the optimum values applicable to many other scenes.This method was applied to some images taken in the field, and showed that it was able to detect the fruit when it was fully illuminated from both sides. The detection, however, became difficult when the light was intercepted by leaves and the illumination for the fruit was not enough.

著者

林 真紀夫

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.3, pp.289-292, 1984-12-10 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

9

著者

ショウ ロバートエッチ

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.339-342, 1982-12-10 (Released:2010-02-25)

著者

Shin NAGAI Shinpei YOSHITAKE Tomoharu INOUE Rikie SUZUKI Hiroyuki MURAOKA Kenlo Nishida NASAHARA Taku M SAITOH

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.3, pp.163-170, 2014 (Released:2014-09-10)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

6 10

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Long-term continuous phenological observation of cherry tree blooming is an important and challenging task in the evaluation of year-to-year weather and climate changes in spring in Japan. Here, (1) we performed daily field observations with a time-lapse digital camera in a deciduous broad-leaved forest in Japan from January 2004 to December 2013; and (2) we detected year-to-year variations in the blooming phenology of Prunus sargentii by visual inspection of the images and by image analysis. We found that (1) the red digital numbers (i.e., the digital intensity values of the red pixels; DNR) extracted from the time-lapse digital camera images tended to peak in full bloom; and (2) the green excess index (GEI) (based on the red, green, and blue digital numbers) tended to be lowest in full bloom. These results indicate that DNR and GEI are useful for detecting the timing of full bloom in P. sargentii.

著者

中川 行夫

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.121-122, 1973-09-30 (Released:2010-02-25)