著者

青野 靖之 谷 彩夏

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

生物と気象 (ISSN:13465368)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.18-28, 2014 (Released:2014-03-27)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1 7

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We investigated historical records (e.g. old diaries, historiography, and daily newspapers) and acquired phenological data series for autumn-tinted maple (Acer spp.) leaves in Kyoto, Japan. From the 10th to 21st centuries, we gathered 504 years of phenological data for maple leaves' autumn tints. A preliminary analysis suggested that the dates of the maple autumn tints were affected by the October mean temperature. Therefore, an attempt was made to reconstruct the October mean temperature in Kyoto by applying the phenological data for autumn tints of maple leaves. Autumn temperature series partially showed a pattern similar to springtime temperature series. A cooling trend over the 15th — 16th centuries and cool conditions in the late 17th and the early 19th centuries were detected in both the October and the March temperature series; however, October temperature change preceded March temperature change by about 10—20 years. This suggests that the time-lag of response of October temperatures in Kyoto to the solar variation may be smaller than that of March temperatures.

著者

内島 立郎

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.4, pp.386-387, 1986-03-10 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

3

著者

岡田益己

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

生物と気象 (ISSN:21857954)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, 2010-12-02

著者

松田 怜 的場 伸行

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

生物と気象 (ISSN:13465368)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.58-68, 2022-07-10 (Released:2022-07-10)

参考文献数

108

著者

丸岡 知浩 伊藤 久徳

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.3, pp.283-296, 2009-03-10 (Released:2009-10-30)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

24 15

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This study predicts cherry blossom (Prunus yedoensis) flowering in Japan during global warming periods. First, by developing current models for cherry blossom flowering, a model suitable for assessing the climate impact is constructed. This model can predict the dormancy breaking and flowering dates by temperature data alone at any points and for any periods. Applying this model to actual data for 25 years (1979-2003), the average RMSE (root mean squared error) of predicted flowering dates in comparison to actual ones at 36 points in Japan is 2.87 days.An indicator of the southern border of flowering is also proposed. The flowering model is applied to projected future temperature based on the IPCC A2 scenario. The predictions for the years 2032-2050 and 2082-2100 indicate that flowering dates will become much earlier than at present in cold regions, while later along the coasts in warm regions. It also shows that cherry blossoms will not come out in Tanega-Shima and southern Kyushu, which are currently the southern flowering borders.

著者

伊藤 大雄

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

生物と気象 (ISSN:13465368)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.76-83, 2020 (Released:2020-07-10)

参考文献数

77

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Due to the enrichment of atmospheric CO2 concentration, the air temperature will rise by 3-6℃ and the amount of snowfall will change by the end of the 21st century in northern Tohoku district of Japan. The effect of these changes to the apple cultivation at present and in the future is reviewed. Due to the temperature increase, the date of flowering will advance at the rate 0.2 days year-1 until 2040, as is observed already at present. The advancement will continue until 2100 under RCP8.5 scenario, while it will slow down after 2040 and stop around 2080 under RCP4.5 scenario. Because the varietal difference in the flowering date will gradually increase, the insect pollination may become difficult at the end of this century. Harvesting date will advance and delay in early- and late-maturing varieties, respectively. Thus in late-maturing varieties, fruit weight may increase depending on the extension of fruit growth period. On the contrary, fruit storability will very likely reduce, and pigmentation will get worse especially in red-skin early-maturing varieties. Moreover, the risk of sunburn damage will increase, and the risk of late frost injury is also indicated to increase by several researchers. On the other hand, we can expect the reduction of snow damage because the amount of snowfall is generally predicted to decrease in the future, although such decreasing tendency is not detected in the past 50-100 years. Considering the conspicuous midday depression of photosynthesis observed in apple trees, they are now in serious sink-limited condition possibly due to the severe fruit thinning. Therefore, the fruit yield cultivated under high CO2 concentration will hardly increase, unless we alter the strength of thinning to improve the sink capacity of the tree.

著者

坪井 八十二

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.127-132, 1981-09-10 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

1

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Rice crop was severely damaged in the Republic of Korea by the cool weather of 1980, as was the case in Japan. The total production was estimated to be 3.55 million tons, resulting in only 65% of the normal production. Most severe damages occurred in mountainous areas and eastern coastal regions due to cold winds from the Sea of Japan. The middle and southern plains, however, registered only light damages (Fig. 2).The adverse weather of low temperatures and small hours of sunshine in the summer (Fig. 1) was the principal factor, but inadequate cultural practices increased damages to rice crop. Most factors of the damages were similar in both Korean and Japanese cases. Only the varietal factor made the most significant contrast between the two countries. Koreans grow hybrid varieties of Indica and Japonica types, which are of high yield and disease resistant, but vulnerable to cool weather damages.A review is presented on the Korean rice farming with special reference to these new varieties. The extreme damage in 1980 could be a consequence of the extensive planting of new varieties in undesirable areas. For countermeasures, some agrometeorological research projects are proposed for the firm development of the Korean rice farming.

著者

Keiko SATO Yoshinori IKOMA

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.D-19-00023, (Released:2019-12-14)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

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In recent years, peel puffing and delayed peel pigmentation have been observed in satsuma mandarins, possibly due to global warming. The effects of elevated temperatures during fruit maturation on fruit quality have been well studied. However, little is known about the effects of elevated temperatures during the flowering to physiological fruit drop stage. To clarify this, we controlled the air temperatures around satsuma mandarin trees during the flowering to physiological fruit drop stage (Period A) and at the fruit maturation stage (Period B). Temperatures were set to 2°C or 4°C above the recent mean temperatures because global warming is predicted to increase the mean global surface temperature by 2°C-4°C in this century. We then investigated the effects of the elevated temperatures on fruit quality in varying combinations for Periods A and B. Peel puffing was increased when temperatures were increased by 4°C during Period A or by 2°C or 4°C during Period B. Peel puffing was also increased with increases of 2°C during Period A; however, those results were not statistically significant. Peel pigmentation was enhanced when temperatures were increased by 2°C or 4°C during Period A but deteriorated when the temperature was increased by 2°C during Period B. Fruit weights were increased when temperatures were increased during Period A, but this was partly due to higher peel percentages. The peel percentages tended to be higher after temperature increases in either Period A or Period B. The soluble solid concentrations and acidity levels of the fruit juices tended to be lower after temperature increases during Period A, although not all of those changes were statistically significant. In conclusion, we found that temperature increases of 2°C or more above the recent mean temperatures during early fruit development can be detrimental to fruit quality by increasing peel puffing.

著者

重原 好次

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1, pp.49-56, 1989-06-10 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

1

著者

川方 俊和

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

生物と気象 (ISSN:13465368)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.77-82, 2017 (Released:2017-10-10)

参考文献数

21

---

An alternative approach for predicting the heading date of rice plants was developed by using the 30-yr averaged normal heading date for the input of a developmental index model instead of using the information on the rice transplanting date and the developmental index on that date. This approach is based on the fact that the normal heading date has less spatial heterogeneity compared with the standard input variables and facilitates prediction of the spatial variation of the heading date. The model predicted the inter-regional variation of the heading date in the Tohoku district of Japan within 2 days for its root mean square errors (RMSE), which is similar to that of the traditional developmental index (DVI) model, and well reproduced spatial variation of the heading date over Tohoku district in extremely hot/cold years, although further validation is needed to prove the model accuracy.

著者

椎名 幹郎 今 久 松岡 延浩

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.3, pp.261-265, 1999-09-10 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1 2

---

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of polyethylene film mulch on air temperature and humidity. Transparent polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.05mm was used in this experiment. There were two experimental plots: one bare and one mulched. All of the soil surface in the mulched plot was covered with the film. Air temperature and relative humidity at four different heights, net radiation and soil heat flux were measured in each of the experimental plots on March 18th, 1997.Air temperature over mulched ground was higher than that above bare ground in the daytime, because polyethylene film mulch increased sensible heat flux in the daytime. On the contrary, specific humidity over mulched ground was lower than that above bare ground in the daytime, because polyethylene film mulch intercepted evaporation from the soil surface.

著者

広田 知良 山﨑 太地 安井 美裕 古川 準三 丹羽 勝久 根本 学 濱嵜 孝弘 下田 星児 菅野 洋光 西尾 善太

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

生物と気象 (ISSN:13465368)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.34-45, 2017 (Released:2017-04-10)

参考文献数

67

被引用文献数

10

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Although climatic conditions had hindered the introduction of Pinot Noir, a cultivar of wine grape (Vitis vinifera), to areas such as Yoichi and Sorachi, Hokkaido, northernmost Japan, the growing region of the cultivar has recently extended. We analyzed meteorological data to obtain the rationale for the successful cultivation of Pinot Noir in Hokkaido; climate shift since 1998 pointed by Kanno (2013), i.e., rise in summer temperature, facilitated cultivation of the variety. Today, Yoich and Sorachi have become the right locations for growing the cultivar, and it has also been grown in other areas. Indeed, the vintage chart in Tokachi indicated the consistent, good harvest of grape since 1998. There is negative correlation in the average monthly temperature between April and August, and positive correlation between August and September ever since the climate shift. We hypothesize the benefits of the climate shift in terms of wine production as follows: 1) in years with low April temperature and high summer temperature, the growth rate in early stage delays, but the temperature required for grape maturation is secured by high temperature in August and September; and 2) in years with warm April and subsequent cool summer, early growth start keeps the growing season long enough, which may have compensated the risk of poor grape maturation in cool summer. Thus, climate change is considered to have favored the cultivation of Pinot Noir in Hokkaido.

著者

木村 和義 有吉 美智代

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.4, pp.371-378, 1983-03-10 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

13

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植物体が雨を受けた場合, その生理状態がどのように変化し, どのような影響を受けるかを知るため, インゲンマメの葉, 茎, 根について, その伸長, 生体重, 乾物重, 水分含量, クロロフィル含量に対する6日間の降雨処理の影響を実験的に検討した。1) 葉の伸長, 生体重は, 降雨処理によって, 1日目は増大するが, 2日以上の降雨処理では減少した。葉の厚さは無処理区では増大したが, 降雨処理区ではほとんど増大しなかった。乾物重, クロロフィル含量は, 降雨処理区においてもいくらか増大したが, 無処理区よりも低い値であった。2) 茎の伸長に対する降雨処理の影響は少なく, 無処理区とほとんど変らなかった。しかし降雨処理により茎の生体重, 水分含量は著しく増大し, 逆に乾物重は著しく減少した。3) 根の伸長, 生体重, 含水量は降雨処理区と無処理区とではほとんど変らなかった。乾物重は降雨処理1~2日目では無処理区と同じ程度増大したが, 4~6日目には無処理区よりも低い値であった。4) 生体重に関するT-R率は, 降雨処理区が無処理区よりも大きい値を示した。乾物重のT-R率は逆に降雨処理区よりも小さい値を示した。このことは地上部は地下部に比べて, 降雨処理によって乾物重の低下が著しく, 生体重の増大が大きいことを示していた。5) 上述のような植物体の降雨に対する反応は, 地下部への雨水の浸入を遮断した場合, またはイオン交換水で降雨処理した場合でも, 同様の傾向であった。このことから, 地上部(葉)が雨水でぬれることが, 植物体の状態の変化に影響を与えていると考えられた。

著者

青野 靖之 小元 敬男

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.4, pp.243-249, 1990-03-10 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

19 22

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Blooming dates of Prunus yedoensis at 38 sites are estimated by using “the number of days transformed to standard temperature (hereafter referred as DTS)” for the 25 year period starting 1961. The sites are all located at or in the vicinity of the meteorological observatories of Japan Meteorological Agency. The standard temperature for DTS in this study is chosen 25°C, for the temperature characteristic Ea, a value [71.1kJ mol-1] is used for all stations. Both of these values are the same as those in our previous paper, although CGS unit was used before.It is shown that by this first estimation RMS errors of estimated blooming dates fell within a range 1-3 days except for stations in regions of southern coasts of Kyushu Is. and Izu Is. An attempt of reducing errors, in the first place, readjustment of accumulated DTS was made. This enable us to reduce RMS error up to 0.5 days from the previous computations. But this approach was not very effective at southern stations. Large RMS error in these warm regions seemed to be due to incomplete transition of rest break or large interannual variation of this process. An adjustment of estimation of blooming date at southern sites is made by applying the concept of chill-unit which is the weighted hour corresponding to the effectiveness of chilling to rest completion. It is shown that this procedure reduced RMS error of blooming dates to 2.32 days from 6.64 days at Hachijo Is., and at all stations in warm regions the error reduced to about 2 days.

著者

高見 晋一

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.4, pp.119-125, 2006 (Released:2007-06-06)

参考文献数

20

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The law of the minimum, reputedly originally conceived by Justus von Liebig more than one hundred fifty years ago, is a powerful tool in understanding processes with unknown details. The objective of this study was to provide a rationale and some evidence for such a claim. To do so, I assume that the law of the minimum is to be specified as the linear response and plateau (LRP) model: Y = min {X, U}, where X is the limiting variable when it is smaller than U, and U the limiting variable when it is smaller than X. These variables may be either stocks or flows. The study shows that the law thus specified has nothing to do with empiricism but is purely a form of thinking that can be intuitively or logically understood by anyone. As such, it can be applied not only to biological, chemical, and physical processes of academic interests, but also to various processes in our daily lives. In this article, the following examples were given: (ii) the dry-matter partition associated with crop production, (i) crop growth in an environment of abundant resources, and (iii) evapotranspiration in relation to precipitation and net radiation. The law of the minimum is also shown to be useful in analyzing the relationship between sink and source variables to identify the limiting factor.

著者

清野 豁 甲斐 啓子 太田 俊二 菅野 洋光 山川 修治

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.179-186, 1998

被引用文献数

1

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In this paper, new knowledge of global warming is briefly described on the basis of the 1st and 2nd Working Group of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change) published in 1996. The contents of this paper are arranged according to the oral reports in the 7th gathering of the Researching Group for Impacts of Climate Change (ICC) in the Society of Agricultural Meteorology of Japan on June 7, 1997. The main authors are as follows: Seino is §1 and §4, Kai in §2, Ohta in §3, Kanno and Yamakawa in §5. Observed climate change, its variability and uncertainty are discussed in §2. Assessment of impacts of climate change on terrestrial ecosystem is presented in §3. Agriculture under changing climate is introduced in §4. In §5, some problems as to the IPCC reports are mentioned including the discussions in the meeting.

著者

原薗 芳信 矢吹 万寿

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.p103-110, 1981-09

被引用文献数

2

著者

清水 茂

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.69-73, 1964

被引用文献数

1

著者

卜蔵 建治

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.35-41, 1991

著者

木村 吉郎

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.3, pp.119-122, 1951

被引用文献数

1

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この報告において著者は, 先の報告と同じ資料から日本の稻凶作に關する地域性について以下のような考察を行つた。<br>先の報告に示した第1表及び第1圖から, 凶作發現の地域的範圍を考察して本報の第1表に示すような3つの凶作型を分類した。<br>全國を1括してみると, 60年間中に1/2の30年は凶作が何れかの地方に現われていて, その凶作1年當り平均地方數は5.8地方に分布發現していることが認められる (以上第1表參照)。<br>以上3型間の相互的發現關係は第1圖に示すように, 3凶作型の各々が單獨發現する場合と, IとII又はIとIIIの兩型が同年發現する場合と, 3型全部が同年發現する場合との合計6發現型が存在することを認めた。<br>6發現型のうち, 日本の米作々況に最も大きい減收關係をもつているのは, 3型の同年發現した所謂全國型の場合であつて平均20.7%の減收を示し, 次は兩型の同年發現した場合の7.7%減收であつて, 各凶作型が單獨發現した場合は最も輕く平均0.7%の減收に過ぎないことが認められた。<br>3凶作型の各々と日本の米作々況との關係では, 北海道型が最も減收影響大きく, 東北型西南型の順に漸次小さくなつていることを認めた (以上第2表參照)。