著者
平井 進
出版者
社会経済史学会
雑誌
社會經濟史學 (ISSN:00380113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.69, no.2, pp.121-144, 2003-07-25

This article examines settlement regulations in one Hanoverian province (Provinz Osnabruck) during the 1840s and 1850s in order to investigate changes in rural social order and autonomy. Before 1848 there was Pauperismus (great poverty) among the rural lower classes of the region, particularly among the Heuerleute (landless cottagers) who rented cottages and land from Bauern (farm holders). Traditionally, the state and village communities, whose members were solely Bauern, exercised. little control over these renting relationships. However, when the Heuerleute began to riot and petition in March 1848, the state attempted to mediate between them and the Bauern. In October, the state and the provincial parliament established a law governing the renting of cottages and land. According to the law, village communities were expected to organize Heuerlings-commissionen (local commissions) composed of both Bauern and Heuerleute members. After 1848, under the supervision of the state, these commissions began to monitor and control the Bauern who rented cottages and land to Heuerleute families. Consequently, the March Revolution ended the early modern form of Bauern autonomy via state intervention and the partial integration of the landless cottagers.
著者
志田 不動麿
出版者
社会経済史学会
雑誌
社會經濟史學 (ISSN:00380113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2, no.11, pp.1121-1139, 1933-02-01
著者
沼尻 晃伸
出版者
社会経済史学会
雑誌
社會經濟史學 (ISSN:00380113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.77, no.1, pp.3-23, 2011-05-25

本稿は,兵庫県尼崎市を事例とし,戦時期〜戦後改革期における組合施行土地区画整理事業の考察を通じて,農村の側から市街地形成の特質を明らかにすることを課題とする。本稿が明らかにした点は,以下の3点にまとめられる。第1に,戦時期の耕地についてである。地主は小作農民に対し土地区画整理実施前に離作料を支払ったが,戦争末期に事業は滞ったため小作農民による耕地利用が継続された。第2に,戦後改革期における地主・小作農民間の対立についてである。仮換地は小作地の移動や減少を伴うとする組合側の主張に小作農民は反対したため,地主と小作農民は激しく対立したが,政府の方針に沿っていた組合(地主)の主張が通ることとなった。第3に,形成された市街地の特質についてである。土地区画整理の実施により公共用地が創出される一方で,耕作面積の減少を賃耕等によって補った小作農民によって,農地が維持される場合もあった。このような小作農民による農地利用を農業委員会も承認し,農地が残存する市街地が土地区画整理地区内に形成された。
著者
山口 彌一郎
出版者
社会経済史学会
雑誌
社會經濟史學 (ISSN:00380113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, no.2, pp.221-227, 1942-05-15
著者
日高 次吉
出版者
社会経済史学会
雑誌
社會經濟史學 (ISSN:00380113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2, no.12, pp.1303-1320, 1933-03-01
著者
矢口 孝次郎
出版者
社会経済史学会
雑誌
社會經濟史學 (ISSN:00380113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.1, pp.78-90, 1950-04-15
著者
長谷川 淳一 市橋 秀夫
出版者
社会経済史学会
雑誌
社會經濟史學 (ISSN:00380113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.67, no.6, pp.689-704, 2002-03-25

Until the late 1980s, the British Labour Party under the leadership of Gaitskell and Wilson was perceived to have been much less successful than the Party had been under Attlee. But in recent years, with the emergence of 'New Labour', more sympathetic analyses have gained ground. This article will reassess the various interpretations through surveying both old and recent writings on the Labour Party of the 1950s and 1960s. In particular, we will look closely at the much questioned attempts by Gaitskell and Wilson to modernise the Party : the removal of Clause IV, the widening of the Party's electoral appeal, and the modernising of Britain through a 'scientific revolution'. Overall, faced by the increased affluence of the 1950s and 1960s, it became more and more difficult for the Labour Party to continue an interventionist stance. On balance, we accept the view that modernising projects were inevitable and necessary. However, Labour revisionists failed to show their own coherent version of a socialist Britain. We also find some difficulty in rehabilitating Wilson and his governments. Although he successfully united the Party traditionalists and modernisers with a new vision of a socialist society, once elected his priority was to remain in office rather than to make and implement policy.
著者
岡倉 古志郎
出版者
社会経済史学会
雑誌
社會經濟史學 (ISSN:00380113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, no.5, pp.22-43, 1944-08-15
著者
斎藤 修
出版者
社会経済史学会
雑誌
社會經濟史學 (ISSN:00380113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.5, pp.519-539, 2005-01-25

In early modern north-western Europe, real wages were on the decline while per capita GDP increased. In contrast, wage growth in Tokugawa Japan went hand in hand with output growth. Based on the author's own new estimates of real wage series, this paper examines several factors that are thought to have accounted for this contrast between Japan and the west: urban growth, overseas/long-distance trade, rural industrialisation, agricultural growth and an 'industrious revolution' in de Vries's sense. It is suggested, firstly, that the common denominator found in both European and Japanese cases was Smithian growth - a productivity growth associated with the proliferation of trades, which often took the form of the functional separation of the manufacturing of intermediate goods from other branches of the trade and, hance, of increasing market competition. Secondly, however, in Tokugawa society the upper and upper-middle layers remained thin: mercantile capitalism and the samurai were the losers in the process of economic change. Thirdly, at the bottom layer of the structure was the resilient and flexible peasant family, which could cope with both agricultural intensification and rural industrialisation without disintegrating. These accounted for the absence of any gap between real wage growth and per capita GDP growth in Japan's pre-modern economic development.