著者
小野 晃嗣
出版者
社会経済史学会
雑誌
社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.10, no.7, pp.643-674, 1940-10-15 (Released:2017-12-28)
被引用文献数
1
著者
佐久間 弘展
出版者
社会経済史学会
雑誌
社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.4, pp.437-457, 2004-11-25 (Released:2017-08-09)

This article aims to explore the connection between German journeymen and the honor of their craft guilds, and the reason why journeymen and guild masters held on so persistently to this notion of honor. The concept of the honor of the craft guild took shape in southern Germany between the years 1450 and 1500. It comprised a wide range of strict views surrounding the details of one's birth, gender, marriage practices, freedom from debt and rejection of thieving. From the beginning of the sixteenth century onward, these craftsmen began to discriminate against 'dishonorable' people-including executioners, skinners and others. Through the use of strikes, boycotts, or the threat of such actions, journeymen supported notions of honor with more tenacity than guild masters. Yet their actions could achieve legitimacy only after receiving approval from the entirety of assembled guild members. The growing connection between artisans and honor derived not from economic circumstances as demonstrated by the 'closing off of the craft guild', but rather was dependent upon social context. In fact, journeymen wanted to distinguish themselves from other members of the lower social order and 'dishonorable' people through organizing associations and forming homogeneous groups.
著者
水鳥川 和夫
出版者
社会経済史学会
雑誌
社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.78, no.1, pp.99-118, 2012-05-25 (Released:2017-06-10)

本稿は前稿で明らかにした畿内・西日本に引き続き,中世東日本で標準的に使われた升の成立と変遷及び使用升の容積を明らかにしようとするものである。15世紀に西日本で標準升であった讃岐斗は,さらに東北日本でも標準升として見出され,畿内でもこれとほとんど同じ畿内本斗が標準升であったから,日本列島の過半をカバーする広域的な標準升が存在したと考えられる。一方,15〜16世紀に畿内から山陽道にかけて売升が市場升として普及していたが,東日本では15世紀に南関東,東海,伊勢にかけて市場京升と等量の下方升を使用する市場圏が存在した。この下方升市場圏は16世紀初頭には近江国を,天文年間には京都を組み込み,京都において市場京升を成立させたと考えられる。この京升は,後に公定升となり,全国に普及した。しかし,民間市場取引では,天下統一が進むにつれて讃岐斗またはこれとほぼ等量の畿内本斗が標準升となり,近世初頭には全国をカバーする標準升となった。讃岐斗と畿内本斗は1%程度の違いがあったが,寛文頃に畿内本斗へと統一されていったと考えられる。
著者
岩橋 勝
出版者
社会経済史学会
雑誌
社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.6, pp.585-605,726, 1983-03-25 (Released:2017-11-24)

It has been understood that in the Edo period quotation and payment in gold was predominant in the eastern Japan and that in silver in the western Japan, with zeni used as auxiliary coin all over Japan. However, we can find momme-sen-satsu (匁銭札), if only in the south-western part of Japan. Which were issued, in fact, on zeni basis in spite of its guise of quotation in silver. Also remarkable were large denomination notes with face value over one kan mon (貫文), called sen-mon-satsu (銭文札), which were issued by Satsuma-Han, Izumo-Han, Kaga-Han, Nambu-Han, etc., not as auxiliary but as means of payment in large amount on zeni basis. On the ground of these findings I have suggested that there were areas of payment in zeni side by side with areas of payment in gold and those in silver in Tokugawa period. This paper intends to demonstrate that payment in zeni was predominant in Nambu-Han, by investigating circulation of money there. First, in Tempo age income in zeni over 100,000 kan mon amounted to half of Nambu-Han's annual revenue in money which was about 30,000 ryo. Especially in the case of business taxes called on-yaku-kin, rei-sen, and unjo, items of payment in zeni were twice as much as those in gold, the amount of payment in zeni being three times as much as that in gold. Moreover, such large amount sales of farmlands and homesteads which would reasonably be expected to have been transacted on gold basis, were in fact made on zeni basis. Especially in the inland district centering Morioka it was usual that such large amount transactions as exceeded 100 kan mon were performed on zeni basis. It must be noted that while quotation in zeni was more customary even in the account books of money-lenders and traesmen in the inland district, payment in gold was more usual than that in zeni in the Sanriku coastal district. Compared with similar transactions elsewhere in the eastern Japan, however, transactions quoted in zeni were conspicuous in the Sanriku district. Thus comparison of Nambu-Han as a whole with a typically gold basis district such as Kanto will prove that Nambu-Han can be characterized as the area where payment in zeni was predominant.
著者
李 海訓
出版者
社会経済史学会
雑誌
社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.79, no.2, pp.213-233, 2013-08-25 (Released:2017-05-17)

今まで,1945年以前の東北アジア各地域における寒冷地版「緑の革命」に対する歴史像は,必ずしも明らかにされてこなかった。本稿では,寒冷地版「緑の革命」の歴史像を明らかにすべく,東北アジアにおける寒冷地稲作の量的拡大の要因を究明するとともに,東北アジアにおける稲優良品種の普及過程を考察する。分析の結果,次の知見が得られた。まず,東北アジア各地域における寒冷地稲作の定着・拡大の重要要因は,耐寒性・早生品種にあった。次に,耐肥性品種と窒素肥料は相互に要求し合う関連性がある。窒素肥料の供給が増える時代を背景に,日本では窒素肥料が起点となり,朝鮮では日本から持ち込まれた品種が起点となって,窒素肥料と耐肥性品種が相互に要求する循環関係がみられた。中国東北でも耐肥性品種が普及し,肥料の消費が増えたが,1937年以降,硫安が制限されたため,窒素肥料が耐肥性のより強い品種を要求する状況は起こらなかった。品種は肥料と密接な関連性を持ちつつ普及していったが,社会経済条件や日本帝国圏内における食糧政策,戦争等の影響により,各地域における稲優良品種の普及過程には違いが見られた。
著者
武居 良明
出版者
社会経済史学会
雑誌
社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, no.4, pp.311-334, 1974-12-25 (Released:2017-11-29)

Most Japanese scholars of English economic history, specialists of the Industrial Revolution, have concentrated their attention upon the economic development of England at that time. The author has, however, maintained that it was also necessary for them to pay attention to such aspects of the Industrial Revolution as the public health problem, the pollution of air and river, urbanization, and so on, other than the economic development alone, since the Industrial Revolution, which was brought about by the rapid growth of the "productive power", changed the society from top to toe. The author, investigating the relation between the "Chadwick's Report of 1842" and the Public Health Act of 1848, wondered why the Act was treated in so cold a way and repealed, at last, in 1854, in spite of the filthy and unhealthy living conditions of the working class. And he has found out the strained relation between the Board of General Health and Local Authorities. Though the solution of the public health problem was put off untill as late as 1870's, the Victorian people defended the self-government of borough against the central control of the government.
著者
張 允貞
出版者
社会経済史学会
雑誌
社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.78, no.3, pp.361-377, 2012-11-25 (Released:2017-06-15)

日本は石油資源に恵まれない国で,海外石油の確保は戦前期を一貫して日本にとって重大な懸案事項であり続けた。とりわけ,1930年代後半に入るとアメリカ石油の安定的輸入の見通しが不透明になる中で,日本にとっては蘭印石油の確保が喫緊の課題となった。そこで,日本政府はこの問題を解決すべく,1940年9月に「日蘭石油交渉」に乗り出した。本稿の課題は日蘭石油交渉を蘭印側の立場から検討し,その対日石油輸出方針を明らかにすることである。本稿での分析の結果,明らかになったことは次の2点てある。第1に,交渉開始以前において蘭印政府は,日本向けの石油輸出増加に前向きな判断を示しており,その方針は決して消極的なものではなかった。第2に,交渉過程における蘭印側方針の特徴は,状況の推移に応じて方針の変化はあるものの,常に日本に対する一定の配慮を忘れていないことである。蘭印側は航空燃料につき「皆無」の回答を提出した代わりに,日本側の要求していない品目を自ら進んで提示してきた。交渉における成約量はそれ以前の蘭印の対日石油輸出量に比べれば,例年より3〜4倍の輸出増加を意味するものであった。
著者
小野 浩
出版者
社会経済史学会
雑誌
社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.72, no.1, pp.47-67, 2006-05-25 (Released:2017-08-09)
参考文献数
80

This paper aims to clarify the circumstances of the housing problem in Tokyo after Kanto Daishinsai [the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923] mainly in relation to the supply and demand on the rental housing market. Based on the marked increase in housing demand following the earthquake, excessive housing investments were made in the suburbs of Tokyo city. However, the increase in housing supply in Tokyo city, on the one hand, and the increase in tenants due to intensification of the recession, on the other, widened the gap between supply and demand by area. The focus of the housing problem shifted from an absolute lack of housing into a problem of affordability. By the end of the 1920s, dissatisfaction intensified among low-income tenants who were shut out of the private rental housing market. From 1929 to 1930, rental rates decreased in general under the influence of a decline in prices and a movement for rent reduction.