著者

Matsuei Shimojana Moritaka Nishihira

出版者

Arachnological Society of Japan

雑誌

Acta Arachnologica (ISSN:00015202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.29-40, 2000 (Released:2007-03-29)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

5 8

---

A small troglobiontic coelotine spider is described under the name of Coelotes troglocaecus sp. n. found in limestone caves on Okinawa Island, Japan. This is the first record of an eyeless coelotine spider. Morphological description is given in comparison with a sympatric Coelotes okinawensis. Extensive field survey over the Ryukyu Islands showed that the new species is endemic to Okinawa Island, where it has been found rather widely but exclusively in limestone caves. The population density was extremely low, and the facts that only females have been collected and that they have extremely degenerated structures in epigynum projections and degenerated copulatory opening for coupling strongly suggest parthenogenetic reproduction. It has some additional morphological traits which seem adaptive to the life in the caves. Specialization to cave habitat is discussed in relation to the geological history of the Ryukyu Islands.

著者

Yuya Suzuki Tomoyuki Yokoi

出版者

Arachnological Society of Japan

雑誌

Acta Arachnologica (ISSN:00015202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.1, pp.31-33, 2019-06-30 (Released:2019-07-12)

参考文献数

15

---

The web of Phoroncidia altiventris (Araneae: Theridiidae), which had been unknown since its taxonomic description, was recently discovered and confirmed to form an orb-web structure. This result supports the thought that this species should be reassessed and placed in the family Araneidae.

著者

プラトニク N.I.

出版者

Arachnological Society of Japan

雑誌

Acta Arachnologica (ISSN:00015202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.43-47, 1977 (Released:2007-03-29)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1 2

---

日本産のオトヒメグモ Orthobula crucifera BÖS. et STR. の雌を再記載し, 同時にその雄をはじめて記載した。また, 南中国産の一新種, O. yaginumai を記載した。

著者

伊藤 千都子

出版者

Arachnological Society of Japan

雑誌

Acta Arachnologica (ISSN:00015202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.23-30, 1985 (Released:2007-03-29)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

3 3

---

欧米で子育てをする種が多い事で知られている, ヒメグモ科に属するヒメグモの子育てを実験室内での飼育によって観察した。その結果, 母グモは子グモが自力で餌を獲るようになるまでの一定期間 (約3週間), 餌を捕え咬んだ後に子グモに与える事がわかった。また, この行動の観察および実験から, 親子間に存在するのではないかと思われる, 相互を許容し合う機構等について考えた。

著者

小倉 純一

出版者

Arachnological Society of Japan

雑誌

Acta Arachnologica (ISSN:00015202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.59-68, 1998 (Released:2007-03-29)

参考文献数

64

---

食物網の研究はその重要性が指摘されながらも, いまだに発展途上にある. 食物網の研究を構造面と機能面に分けると, 構造面の研究はいまだパターン記載の段階にある. 一方, 機能面の研究は, 少数例にもかかわらず近年大きな成果を上げつつある. とくに, 陸上生態系においては, クモを含んだシステムでこれまでの群集生態学では見られなかった概念が提出されるなど, 大きな貢献がなされている.

著者

本田 重義

出版者

Arachnological Society of Japan

雑誌

Acta Arachnologica (ISSN:00015202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.Specialnumber, pp.283-297, 1977 (Released:2007-03-29)

参考文献数

38

---

The weaving spiders live by making their webs according to their own weaving mode. The weaving mode consists of web form, web size, web angle, web height, web thread character, etc., and it is generally similar within a species, a genus or a family. The basic weaving modes are as follow: vertical (both single layer and multi-layer), horizontal (both small and large), cubic (both true cubic and line), sheet (inverted dish, with or without cradle; saucer, with or without cradle), and fixed (flat and curved surface) (See table 1). But the basic mode may be modified by situations such as growth and developmental stage, or slight individual variations, etc..In the classification of the spider's webs only their shapes have been noticed. This paper suggests a modification of this classfication by adding the important factors of the spatial Orientation and the spatial surrounding micro-habitat to which the web is attached.Web of any types are attached to some objects (such as tree branches or windowframes); these objects form scaffolding stands which have several possible characters: form, size. mobility, condition of surface, etc.. There are several shape types of scaffolding stand as follows: lengthwise, box with ceiling, widthwise with ceiling, widthwise with underbase, flat surface (See Fig. 1).On the other hand, from the viewpoint of weaving condition the surface of the earth has several types of habitat (Table 3). And each habitat consists of various micro-habitats. For example, a forest consists of 4 micro-habitats as follows: open area among trees, peripheral foliage, central foliage, basal area (soil, trunk, lowest branches, and open space) (See Fig. 2). such micro-habitats offer the scaffolding stands for making webs.These scaffolding stands, along with the shape and spatial orientation of webs themselves make up the weaving environment of the weaving spiders.

著者

Takao Kuwada-Kusunose Takeshi Sakai Tomoyasu Ebihara Kunihiro Suzuki

出版者

Arachnological Society of Japan

雑誌

Acta Arachnologica (ISSN:00015202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.27-31, 2016-08-31 (Released:2016-11-02)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2

---

Prey capture and subsequent behaviors of Calommata signata (Araneae: Atypidae) were observed and video-documented in the laboratory Our observations indicated that the spider captures various soil animals by using only its chelicerae. Furthermore, when closing the entrance of the burrow, the spider made a provisional cover of the entrance by hooking and drawing the inner surface of the burrow before covering the entrance with silk webbing from its spinnerets.

著者

大崎 茂芳

出版者

Arachnological Society of Japan

雑誌

Acta Arachnologica (ISSN:00015202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.21-28, 1989 (Released:2007-03-29)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

11 12

---

季節ごとに採取したクモの牽引糸の光学的反射特性を, 400nmから700nmの範囲で調べた。同一地域で採取されたメスのジョロウグモの牽引糸は, 環境の季節的変化に伴って, 夏には白色あるいは半透明色であるが, 秋には黄色に変化することがわかった。秋における黄色化は, 成熟したメスのジョロウグモによる分泌物に起因し, またクモ自らを捕食者から防衛するばかりでなく, 餌を捕獲するために重要な役割を果たすであろうことが結論される。

著者

Sergei L. Esyunin Alireza Zamani

出版者

Arachnological Society of Japan

雑誌

Acta Arachnologica (ISSN:00015202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.63-71, 2019 (Released:2019-12-29)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

---

During a survey of the gnaphosid spider fauna of Iran, two interesting species of Drassodes Westring 1851 were collected. Drassodes marusiki sp. n. (♂♀, Isfahan Province, central Iran) is described as new to science, and its relationship with the closely related D. bifidus Kovblyuk & Seyyar 2009 (Turkey) is discussed, and Drassodes robatus Roewer 1961, which was originally described from Afghanistan, is recorded for the fauna of Iran for the first time; a redescription for its male and the first description for its female are provided.

著者

白甲 〓

出版者

Arachnological Society of Japan

雑誌

Acta Arachnologica (ISSN:00015202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.3, pp.96-99, 1938-10-16 (Released:2008-12-19)

参考文献数

1

著者

岸田 久吉

出版者

Arachnological Society of Japan

雑誌

Acta Arachnologica (ISSN:00015202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.2, pp.138-145, 1940-07-30 (Released:2008-12-19)

被引用文献数

1 4

著者

John T. D. Caleb Rajesh V. Sanap

出版者

Arachnological Society of Japan

雑誌

Acta Arachnologica (ISSN:00015202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.2, pp.83-87, 2016-12-31 (Released:2016-12-31)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 3

---

Lessert's rainbow spider, Stenaelurillus lesserti Reimoser 1934 is recorded from new localities in South India. The species is redescribed and illustrated in detail along with notes on natural history. A map showing the updated distributional range of the species is provided.

著者

村田 浩平

出版者

Arachnological Society of Japan

雑誌

Acta Arachnologica (ISSN:00015202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.83-96, 1995 (Released:2007-03-29)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

9 10

---

水田の栽培管理が水稲害虫の有力天敵であるクモおよびその餌昆虫の発生消長に与える影響を明らかにするために, 農薬および化学肥料を使わない保全田と慣行田において調査を行った. 1990年と1991年に, 水田内および畦畔においてクモおよび餌昆虫の個体数をスイーピソグ法によって調査し次のような結果を得た.1. 畦畔を含む水田環境では, 10科から14科のクモが採集された. 各水出とも水田内のクモの個体数はアシナガグモ科, カニグモ科, フクログモ科の順に多かった.2. 保全田の水田内では慣行田に比べてクモの個体数が明らかに多く, その差は2倍以上であった. 特に保全田では慣行田に比ベアシナガグモ科, カニグモ科, ハエトリグモ科の個体数が多かったのが特徴である. 保全田と慣行田のこのような違いは, 栽培管理の違い, 特に水管理によると考えられた.3. 水田内と畦畔のクモ相を比較すると, 両年とも畦畔が科数, 個体数ともに多い傾向がみられた. このことは, 畦畔が天敵としてのクモの温存場所として重要であることを示唆すると考えられる.4. 全ての調査水田でウンカ, ヨコバイの発生消長とクモの発生消長が重なる傾向が見られ, この傾向はウンカに比べヨコバイに対してより強かった.5. 保全田では慣行田に比べてユスリカの個体数が多く, これはクモの密度を維持するうえで重要であると考えられた.以上のことから, クモを天敵として有効に活用するためには, 農薬の使用を避け, 春期にはゲソゲを栽培し, 落水時も水田内を完全に干上がらせないことによって, ウンカ, ヨコバイの発生の間隙においても餌昆虫の安定した供給を計ること, 畦畔の除草回数を減らしクモの温存場所を確保することが重要であると考えられた.

著者

João Gonçalo Soutinho Henrique Couto Franco Andreone Angelica Crottini Gonçalo M. Rosa

出版者

Arachnological Society of Japan

雑誌

Acta Arachnologica (ISSN:00015202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.31-33, 2018-08-31 (Released:2018-09-05)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

---

Although laboratory trials suggest that stick insects (Phasmatodea) are a highly palatable prey group for spiders, field observations confirming this hypothesis are very rare. We report on a predatory event involving a huntsman spider of the genus Damastes (Araneae: Sparassidae) on a stick insect of the genus Antongilia (Bacillidae: Antongiliinae) from Madagascar. Despite the anti-predator adaptations that characterise this insect group (e.g. the cryptic camouflage) the stick insect was recognized and overwhelmed by the sparassid spider.

著者

宮下 和喜

出版者

Arachnological Society of Japan

雑誌

Acta Arachnologica (ISSN:00015202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1, pp.89-93, 1996

---

1992年の夏に親の産室より出てきたシラヒゲハエトリの2齢幼体を自然に近い条件下で飼育した結果, 雄4匹は翌年の7~8月に成体となったが, 1匹はその次の年の夏までかかって成体となった. 雌3匹も3年目の夏に成体となった. 雄の脱皮回数は5回, 雌のそれは6回であった.<br>野外で採集した雌成体6匹を室内で飼育したところ大多数があしかけ3年生存し, この間の2年目までに4~5回受精卵を産んだが, 一部の個体は3年目にももう1回産卵した. 産卵数 (平均値±標準偏差) は, 第1回目の産卵が24.4±4.2, 第2回が17.8±2.1, 第3回が14.3±3.2, 第4回が12.2±5.5, 第5回が12.7±1.5であった. 一生における雌当りの総産卵数は71.7±18.6 (平均値±標準偏差) であった.

著者

大利 昌久

出版者

Arachnological Society of Japan

雑誌

Acta Arachnologica (ISSN:00015202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.64-68, 1975 (Released:2007-03-29)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 2

---

Chiracanthium japonicum, the most common spider making house with leaf of Graminaceae, is well known as venomous for a person. During the period from 1956 to 1974, five bite cases of this species were reported from various districts in Japan. These cases were classified by the severity of clinical manifestation into four types, symptomless, mild, moderate and severe. Four bite cases in all cases were occurred by male and two bite cases were of the severe type. The most serious problem in the trearment was difficulty in relieving continuous sharp pain by any anodynes or sedatives.

著者

Akio Tanikawa

出版者

Arachnological Society of Japan

雑誌

Acta Arachnologica (ISSN:00015202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.25-27, 2006 (Released:2006-12-06)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1 2

---

A new atypid species, Atypus wataribabaorum, is described using the specimens from Amami-ôshima Is., the Nansei-Isls., Southwest Japan. This is the first record of Atypus from a subtropical region of Japan. Atypus wataribabaorum has 3 segmented posterior lateral spinnerets as A. affinis and piceus, but can be distinguished from A. affinis by 1) the position of sigilla I being close to the margin of sternum, 2) having prolateral furrow on male palpal femur, 3) the presense of spines on male metatarsus IV; and from piceus by having four receptacula.

著者

錦 三郎

出版者

Arachnological Society of Japan

雑誌

Acta Arachnologica (ISSN:00015202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.24-34_2, 1966-12-01 (Released:2008-12-19)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

4 5

---

At Akayu-machi and Takahata-machi (the north-eastern part of Yonezawa Basin), Higashiokitama-gun, Yama-gata-ken, Japan, we can see thin white threads and small white masses flow quietly in the blue sky on a fine and windless (or breezy) day, from the end of October to December. It will snow soon after this phenomenon, so people in that district call it “ushering in snow” (Yukimukae). This phenomenon is the same as gossamer (England) or Babie late (Poland), and is found to by caused by threads of spiders as they migrate in the air. It is only in this district in Japan that spiders are observed to migrate in the air and are given a special designation. I have observed “ushering in snow” and collected spiders for the past fifteen years. According to my observation, spiders climb to the tip of the leaves of grass or the tip of sticks toward the end of October (occasionally during September), stretch their legs, raise their hips, and emit the threads. Before the threads are emitted, active movement of spinneret was noticed; that is, spiders shook violently the posterior spinneret and repeated the actions which seemed to serve to spin the threads out from the middle spinneret. The threads are emitted from the middle spinneret first. The anterior and posterior spinneret open outside. It was also observed that the number of the threads increased rapidly before spiders flew up, amounting to ten odd. (On such an occasion, the strings are emitted from the both the anterior and the posterior spinneret, centering around the middle spinneret.) On no occasion did they use their legs. I recognized twelve families, thirty-nine species of “ushering in snow”, that is, gossamer spiders, and it is easily predicted that the kinds will be increased by further investigation. Among these spiders, it was found that those that are migratory far outnumber those that are web-spinning, and those spiders that migrate far are mostly migratory. I have classified these spiders in terms of “their ways of life” and “the stage in their life for flight (young, sub-adult, adult)”, shown them in the graph, and investigated the evolution of spiders. Spiders migration and scattering with the thread flowing in the air seem to bear a close relation to preservation of spiders both as individuals and as a family, and is regarded as an ecological phenomenon against an internecine struggle or lack of food. Migratory spiders, such as Thomisidae and Lycosidae, emit the threads actively and migrate in the air, in their prime of life. They are neither saltatorial nor web-spinning. Salticidae have acquired saltation, which has made it easy for them to catch food necessary for preservation of both individuals and a family. Hence, only a few species of this family migrate in the air when they are young. On the other hand, those spiders which developed ability in spinning a web became capable of getting food without migration, so they did not need to migrate at all. Only during the periods of young and sub-adult when they cannot make big webs do they seem to show the habit of dispersion through migration in the air. Small-sized spiders, such as Micryphantidae have not been so evolved as to make big webs, they continue a migratory life and presumably keep the habit of migration in the air even as adults. I have considered the question why spiders migrate toward the end of autumn in relation to lack of food, and reached the following conclusion. The time when they have plenty of food is the time also for their reproduction and egg-laying, and at such a time no spider migrates, while toward the end of autumn when they lack in food, they set out in migration. Furthermore, an air current is crucial for the flight of spiders, and when one spider can fly

著者

加村 隆英

出版者

Arachnological Society of Japan

雑誌

Acta Arachnologica (ISSN:00015202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.47-60, 1991

被引用文献数

1 3

---

従来, エダイボグモ属 <i>Cladothela</i> KISHIDA, 1928にはエダイボグモ <i>C. boninensis</i> KISHIDA, 1928だけが知られていたが, 別属の下に記載されていた2種, すなわちチャクロワシグモ <i>Drassodes oculinotatus</i> BÖSENBERG et STRAND, 1906とムナキワシグモ <i>Drassodes unciinsignitus</i> BÖSENBERG et STRAND, 1906, が本属に属することを認め, これら3種を再記載した. さらに新種ヒメチャワシグモ (新称) <i>Cladothela</i> <i>parva</i> n. sp. を記載した. また, タスキケムリグモ <i>Zelotes x-notatus</i> (BÖSENBERG et STRAND, 1906) は <i>Cladothela unciinsignita</i> (BÖSENBERG et STRAND, 1906) のシノニムとした.

著者

George O. Poinar Jr. Bozidar P. M. Curcic James C. Cokendolpher

出版者

Arachnological Society of Japan

雑誌

Acta Arachnologica (ISSN:00015202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.79-96, 1998 (Released:2007-03-29)

参考文献数

106

被引用文献数

19 59

---

Pseudoscorpions form phoretic associations with a wide range of arthropods, including at least 44 families of insects and three families of arachnids. The present work brings up to date phoretic associations between pseudoscorpions and different arthropods and discusses the long-standing controversy over whether this behavior is basically a predatory response or adapted solely for dispersal. That phoresy in pseudoscorpions is of long standing and obligatory in many cases is demonstrated by its continuance for millions of years, as shown by the fossil record. A member of the Chthoniidae attached to a moth in Baltic amber is reported for the first time.