著者

Silvano GALLUS Alessandra LUGO Xiaoqiu LIU Elisa BORRONI Luke CLANCY Giuseppe GORINI Maria José LOPEZ Anna ODONE Krzysztof PRZEWOZNIAK Olena TIGOVA Piet VAN DEN BRANDT Constantine VARDAVAS Esteve FERNANDEZ the TackSHS Project Investigators

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20200248, (Released:2021-01-16)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

28

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Background Heated tobacco products (HTP) are new forms of tobacco consumption with limited information available on their use among the general population. Our objective is to analyse the prevalence and associations of use of HTP across 11 countries in Europe.Methods Within the TackSHS Project, in 2017-2018 we conducted a cross-sectional study with information on HTP use in the following countries: Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Spain. In each country, face-to-face interviews were performed on a representative sample of around 1,000 subjects aged ≥15 years, for a total of 10,839 subjects.Results Overall, 27.8% of study participants were aware of HTPs, 1.8% were ever HTP users (ranging from 0.6% in Spain to 8.3% in Greece), and 0.1% were current users. Men were more frequently HTP ever users than women (adjusted odds ratio, aOR=1.47; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.11-1.95). Ever HTP use was inversely related to age (p for trend<0.001) and more frequent in ex-smokers (compared with never smokers, aOR=4.32, 95% CI: 2.69-6.95) and current smokers (aOR=8.35, 95% CI: 5.67-12.28), and in electronic cigarette past users (compared with never users, aOR=5.48, 95% CI: 3.46-8.68) and current users (aOR=5.92, 95% CI: 3.73-9.40).Conclusions In 2017-2018, HTP use was still limited in Europe among the general population, however the dual use of these products, their high use among younger generations and the interest of non-smokers in these products are worrying and indicate the need for close monitoring in terms of prevalence and the characteristics of users.

著者

Shoji Kitamura Chuzo Miyata Minoru Tomita Shoki Date Terukazu Kojima Hirosi Minamoto Susumu Kurimoto Yoshiyuki Noguchi Ryoji Nakagawa

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.3-11, 2020-01-05 (Released:2020-01-05)

被引用文献数

12

著者

Taiji Noguchi Hiroko Nakagawa-Senda Yuya Tamai Takeshi Nishiyama Miki Watanabe Akihiro Hosono Kiyoshi Shibata Mari Ichikawa Ryozo Wakabayashi Kenji Nagaya Kanae Ema Naoko Okamoto Shoko Tsujimura Hitomi Fujita Mayumi Kamiya Fumi Kondo Tamaki Yamada Sadao Suzuki

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.12, pp.566-573, 2020-12-05 (Released:2020-12-05)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

7

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Background: Second-hand smoke exposure has been associated with poor mental health. However, among Japanese adults, little is known about the association between second-hand smoking and depressive symptoms. We examined this association in a cross-sectional study among a Japanese general adult population sample.Methods: Japanese adults were recruited from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study in the Okazaki area between 2012 and 2017. Second-hand smoke exposure and smoking status were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Based on their frequency of exposure to second-hand smoke, non-smokers and smokers were categorized as “almost never,” “sometimes,” and “almost every day”. Depressive symptoms were defined by a Kessler 6 score ≥5 points. We performed a multivariable Poisson regression analysis to obtain adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for depressive symptoms.Results: Overall, 5,121 participants (4,547 non-smokers and 574 smokers) were included whose mean age was 63.6 (standard deviation [SD], 10.3) years for non-smokers and 59.33 (SD, 10.2) years for smokers. The association between second-hand smoking and depressive symptoms was significant among non-smokers, but not among smokers. Among non-smokers, PRs compared with “almost never” were 1.25 (95% CI, 1.09–1.42) for “sometimes” and 1.41 (95% CI, 1.09–1.84) for “almost every day” (P for trend <0.001); among smokers, PRs compared with “almost never” were 1.30 (95% CI, 0.82–2.06) for “sometimes” and 1.44 (95% CI, 0.90–2.33) for “almost every day” (P for trend = 0.144).Conclusions: Second-hand smoking and depressive symptoms were associated among non-smokers. Our findings indicate the importance of tobacco smoke control for mental health.

著者

Daisuke Yoneoka Takayuki Kawashima Yuta Tanoue Shuhei Nomura Keisuke Ejima Shoi Shi Akifumi Eguchi Toshibumi Taniguchi Haruka Sakamoto Hiroyuki Kunishima Stuart Gilmour Hiroshi Nishiura Hiroaki Miyata

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.8, pp.362-370, 2020-08-05 (Released:2020-08-05)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

34

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Background: The World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) to be a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Large-scale monitoring for capturing the current epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in Japan would improve preparation for and prevention of a massive outbreak.Methods: A chatbot-based healthcare system named COOPERA (COvid-19: Operation for Personalized Empowerment to Render smart prevention And care seeking) was developed using the LINE app to evaluate the current Japanese epidemiological situation. LINE users could participate in the system either though a QR code page in the prefectures’ websites or a banner at the top of the LINE app screen. COOPERA asked participants questions regarding personal information, preventive actions, and non-specific symptoms related to COVID-19 and their duration. We calculated daily cross correlation functions between the reported number of infected cases confirmed using polymerase chain reaction and the symptom-positive group captured by COOPERA.Results: We analyzed 206,218 participants from three prefectures reported between March 5 and 30, 2020. The mean age of participants was 44.2 (standard deviation, 13.2) years. No symptoms were reported by 96.93% of participants, but there was a significantly positive correlation between the reported number of COVID-19 cases and self-reported fevers, suggesting that massive monitoring of fever might help to estimate the scale of the COVID-19 epidemic in real time.Conclusions: COOPERA is the first real-time system being used to monitor trends in COVID-19 in Japan and provides useful insights to assist political decisions to tackle the epidemic.

著者

Fuqiang Cui Huiming Luo Lei Zhou Dapeng Yin Canjun Zheng Dingming Wang Jian Gong Gang Fang Jianfeng He Jeffrey McFarland Hongjie Yu

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1106010234, (Released:2011-06-04)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

11 33

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Background: Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus emerged in North America in April 2009 and spread globally. We describe the epidemiology and public health response to the first known outbreak of 2009 H1N1 in a train, which occurred in June 2009 in China.Methods: After 2 provinces provided initial reports of 2009 H1N1 infection in 2 persons who had travelled on the same train, we conducted a retrospective epidemiologic investigation to collect information from the passengers, crew members, contacts, and health care providers. We explored the source of infection and possible routes of transmission in the train. All cases were confirmed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing.Results: Train #1223 traveled 40 hours, made 28 stops in 4 Chinese provinces, and boarded 2555 passengers, who logged a total of 59 144 person-hours of travel time. Nineteen confirmed 2009 H1N1 cases were identified. Of these, 13 were infected and developed symptoms on the train and 6 occurred among contacts who developed illness during medical monitoring. In addition, 3 asymptomatic cases were identified based on RT-PCR testing of respiratory swabs from contacts. The attack rate among contacts of confirmed cases in the same car was higher than that among contacts in other cars (3.15% vs. 0%, P < 0.001). Attack rates increased with exposure time.Conclusions: Close contact and long exposure may have contributed to the transmission of 2009 H1N1 virus in the train. Trains may have played an important role in the 2009 influenza pandemic.

著者

Wen-Chi Pan Szu-Yu Yeh Chih-Da Wu Yen-Tsung Huang Yu-Cheng Chen Chien-Jen Chen Hwai-I Yang

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20200082, (Released:2020-06-20)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

3

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Background: Exposure to traffic-related pollution is positively associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but little was known about how different sources of traffic pollution (e.g. gasoline-powered cars, diesel-engine vehicles) contribute to CVD. Therefore, we evaluated the association between exposure to different types of engine exhaust and CVD mortality.Methods: We recruited 12,098 participants from REVEAL-HBV cohort in Taiwan. The CVD mortality in 2000-2014 was ascertained by the Taiwan Death Certificates. Traffic pollution sources (2005-2013) were based on information provided by the Directorate General of Highway in 2005. Exposure to PM2.5 was based on a land-use regression model. We applied Cox proportional hazard models to assess the association of traffic vehicle exposure and CVD mortality. A causal mediation analysis was applied to evaluate the mediation effect of PM2.5 on the relationship between traffic and CVD mortality.Results: A total of 382 CVD mortalities were identified from 2000 to 2014. We found participants exposed to higher volumes of small car and truck exhausts had an increased CVD mortality. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 1.10 for small cars (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94-1.27; p-value=0.23) and 1.24 for truck (95% CI, 1.03-1.51; p-value=0.03) per one unit increment of the logarithm scale. The findings were still robust with further adjustment for different types of vehicles. A causal mediation analysis revealed PM2.5 had an over 60% mediation effect on traffic-CVD association.Conclusions: Exposure to truck exhaust or gasoline-powered cars is positively associated with CVD mortality, and air pollution may play a role in this association.

著者

Minatsu Kobayashi Satoshi Sasaki Terue Kawabata Kyoko Hasegawa Shoichiro Tsugane

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1sup, pp.64-81, 2003 (Released:2007-11-30)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

40 53

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We compared fatty acid intake estimated from our 138-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with 28-day weighed dietary records among a subgroup of JPHC Study Cohort 1 (102 men and 113 women), and with the corresponding two serum phospholipid levels (88 men). Spearman rank correlation coeffi- cients between fatty acid intakes estimated from FFQ and intakes estimated from DR were as follows: saturated fatty acid, r=0.61 and r=0.60; monounsaturated fatty acid, r=0.50 and r=0.44; for energy adjusted value and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), r=0.62 and r=0.55; docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), r=0.61 and r=0.50; for percentage of total fatty acid intake in men and women, respectively. Spearman rank correlation coefficients between fatty acid intakes estimated from FFQ and the corresponding serum phospholipid levels (% of total fatty acid) were as follows: EPA, r=0.43 and r=0.59; DHA, r=0.35 and r=0.49; for crude value (g/day) and percentage of total fatty acid intake, respectively. In conclusion, relatively high correlations were observed for SFA, MUFA and marine-origin n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, whereas we must take into account the indicator of each fatty acid intake when using the data of fatty acid intake assessed with FFQ for JPHC study.J Epidemiol 2003;13(Suppl):S64-S81.

著者

Kimitaka Nakamura Daigo Yoshida Takanori Honda Jun Hata Mao Shibata Yoichiro Hirakawa Yoshihiko Furuta Hiro Kishimoto Tomoyuki Ohara Takanari Kitazono Yasuharu Nakashima Toshiharu Ninomiya

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20190289, (Released:2020-06-06)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

32

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Background: The prevalence of sarcopenia defined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) definition in Asian communities has not been fully addressed. Moreover, few studies have addressed the influence of sarcopenia on mortality.Methods: A total of 1,371 and 1,597 residents aged 65 years or older participated in health surveys in 2012 and 2017. Sarcopenia was determined by the AWGS definition. Factors associated with the presence of sarcopenia were assessed using a logistic regression model in participants in the 2012 survey. Subjects in the 2012 survey were followed-up prospectively for a median of 4.3 years. Mortality risk for subjects with sarcopenia was examined using the Cox proportional hazards model.Results: The crude prevalence of sarcopenia was 7.4% and 6.6% in participants at the 2012 and 2017 surveys, respectively; there was no significant difference between surveys (p = 0.44). The prevalence of sarcopenia increased significantly with age in both sexes (both p for trend < 0.001). Subjects with sarcopenia were more likely to exercise less regularly, to intake less total energy, and to exhibit a disability in activity of daily living than those without. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was 2.20 (95% confidence interval, 1.25-3.85) in subjects with sarcopenia, compared to those without.Conclusions: Approximately 7% of older subjects had sarcopenia in a community-dwelling older Japanese population. Moreover, subjects with sarcopenia had an increased mortality risk. Our findings suggest that a public health strategy for sarcopenia is needed to extend healthy life expectancy.

著者

Ayumi Hashimoto Kentaro Murakami Satomi Kobayashi Hitomi Suga Satoshi Sasaki the Three-generation Study of Women on Diets and Health Study Group

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20200030, (Released:2020-05-16)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

4

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Background: The disparity of overall diet quality by personal educational attainment has been a public issue. However, it remains unknown which food groups contribute to the disparity. This cross-sectional study assesses which food groups explain associations between education and overall diet quality in Japanese women.Methods: A total of 3788 middle-aged (mean: 47.7 years) and 2188 older women (mean: 74.4 years), who lived in 47 prefectures in Japan, provided data on their education (low, middle, and high) and dietary intakes from a diet history questionnaire. A diet quality score (possible score 0-70) was calculated based on seven food components. Mean diet quality scores with adjustment for lifestyle and neighborhood variables were estimated by education, and Dunnett’s multiple comparison was conducted. Additionally, mean scores of each food component were estimated by education and compared using the same manner.Results: After adjustment for lifestyle and neighborhood variables, mean diet quality score of high or middle education was higher than low education for both generations. Middle-aged women with high and middle education had higher scores of ‘milk’, ‘snacks, confection, and beverages’, ‘fruits’, and ‘vegetable dishes’ than those with low education. Older women with high and middle education had higher scores of ‘sodium from seasonings’ and ‘fruits’ than those with low education.Conclusions: This study suggests that positive associations between education and diet quality are explained by different food groups in middle-aged and older Japanese women, which are independent of lifestyle and neighborhood variables.

著者

Sachiko Ono Yosuke Ono Daisuke Koide Hideo Yasunaga

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.116-120, 2020-03-05 (Released:2020-03-05)

参考文献数

19

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Background: Guidelines recommend against all codeine use in children for its common indications of analgesia and cough suppression because of uncertain benefits and potential risk of death. However, because of its rarity, the occurrence of severe respiratory depression associated with codeine-containing antitussives has been poorly investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between codeine-containing antitussives and severe respiratory depression in children.Methods: We retrospectively identified Japanese children who were prescribed antitussives for respiratory diseases from a large Japanese administrative claims database (JMDC, Tokyo, Japan). We collected data on baseline characteristics including age, sex, and comorbidity. Each case was matched with four controls with the same sex and age in the same year from the same type of medical institution. We then examined the association between codeine-containing antitussives and subsequent severe respiratory depression using multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis.Results: Of 164,047 children, 18,210 (11.1%) were prescribed codeine-containing antitussives. Of the children who took codeine-containing drugs, seven experienced severe respiratory depression. After adjusting for confounding factors, there was no significant difference in the proportion of severe respiratory depression between children with and without codeine-containing antitussives (odds ratio 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.48–2.78).Conclusion: Occurrence of respiratory depression was very rare, and the association of codeine with respiratory depression was insignificant, even in a large sample of children in Japan.

著者

Takamasa Komiyama Takashi Ohi Yasutake Tomata Fumiya Tanji Ichiro Tsuji Makoto Watanabe Yoshinori Hattori

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20180203, (Released:2019-01-26)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

15

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Background: A growing number of epidemiology studies have shown that poor oral health is associated with an increased incidence of functional disability. However, there are few studies in which the confounding bias is adjusted appropriately. In this study, it was examined whether dental status is associated with functional disability in elderly Japanese using a 13-year prospective cohort study after elimination of confounding factors with propensity score matching.Methods: Participants were community-dwelling Japanese aged 70 years or older who lived in the Tsurugaya district of Sendai (n = 838). The number of remaining teeth (over 20 teeth/0-19 teeth) was defined as the exposure variable. The outcome was the incidence of functional disability, defined as the first certification of long-term care insurance (LTCI) in Japan. The variables that were used to determine propensity score matching were age, sex, body mass index (BMI), medical history (stroke, hypertension, myocardial infarction, cancer, and diabetes), smoking, alcohol consumption, educational attainment, depression symptoms, cognitive impairment, physical function, social support, and marital status.Results: As a result of the propensity score matching, 574 participants were selected. Participants with 0-19 teeth were more likely to develop functional disability than those with 20 or more teeth (hazard ratio, 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.75).Conclusions: In this prospective cohort study targeting community-dwelling older adults in Japan, less than 20 teeth was confirmed to be an independent risk factor for functional disability even after conducting propensity score matching. This study supports previous publications showing that oral health is associated with functional disability.

著者

Sayaka Adachi Norie Sawada Kenya Yuki Miki Uchino Motoki Iwasaki Kazuo Tsubota Shoichiro Tsugane

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20190116, (Released:2019-12-14)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

6

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Background:Although the consumption of vegetables and fruits is reported to influence the risk of cataract, no prospective study of this association from Asia has yet appeared. Here, we investigated the association between vegetable and fruit intake and cataract incidence in a large-scale population-based prospective cohort study in Japan.Methods:This study included 32,387 men and 39,333 women aged 45-74 years who had no past history of cataract and had completed a dietary questionnaire of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Cohort Study. The incidence of cataract was evaluated after five-year follow-up. We used multiple logistic regression analyses to estimate the sex-specific odds ratios (ORs), with adjustment for confounding factors.Results:We identified 1,836 incident cataracts in 594 men and 1,242 women. In men, OR for cataract was decreased with higher intake of vegetables (ORQ5 vs Q1=0.77; 95% CI, 0.59-1.01; Ptrend across quartile categories=0.03) and cruciferous vegetables (ORQ5 vs Q1=0.74; 95% CI, 0.57-0.96; Ptrend=0.02). In contrast, OR for cataract was increased with higher intake of vegetables among women (ORQ5 vs Q1=1.28; 95% CI, 1.06-1.53; Ptrend=0.01). Green and yellow vegetable and fruit intake were not associated with cataract in either sex.Conclusions:This study suggests that vegetables may reduce the risk of cataracts in men, but not in women.

著者

Yuri Yokoyama Akihiko Kitamura Mariko Nishi Satoshi Seino Yu Taniguchi Hidenori Amano Tomoko Ikeuchi Shoji Shinkai

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20180076, (Released:2018-11-17)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

5

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Background: Although meals that combine a staple food, main dish, and side dish (balanced meals) are recommended in Japan, the health effects of such meals are unclear. We investigated the association of frequency of eating balanced meals with frailty among community-dwelling older Japanese.Methods: We analyzed data from 912 persons aged 65 years or older who participated in the Hatoyama Cohort Study or Kusatsu Longitudinal Study. The frequency of eating two or more balanced meals daily was self-reported as ≤1 day/week, 2 or 3 days/week, 4 or 5 days/week, and daily. Frailty was defined as the presence of at least three, and pre-frailty as the presence of one or two, of the following criteria: weight loss, muscle weakness, exhaustion, slowness, and low physical activity. Adjusted logistic regression was used to study associations of frequency of balanced-meal consumption with frailty (prefrailty and frailty combined) and frailty criteria.Results: Participants reporting a frequency of balanced-meal consumption of ≤2 or 3 days/week had a higher prevalence of frailty (odds ratio [OR], 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–2.64) than did those reporting a frequency of daily. Lower frequency of balanced-meal consumption was also associated with higher prevalences of weight loss (OR, 4.10; 95% CI, 1.90–8.85), exhaustion (OR, 6.35; 95% CI, 2.49–16.17), and low physical activity (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.22–3.01).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that more frequent twice daily consumption of meals with a staple food, main dish, and side dish decreases the risks of prefrailty and frailty.

著者

Xuelian Yuan Fang Yi Can Hou Hui Lee Xiaorong Zhong Ping Tao Hui Li Zhuping Xu Jiayuan Li

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20170318, (Released:2018-08-11)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

15

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Background: The association between induced abortion and birth control methods (including oral contraceptives and intrauterine devices) and breast cancer may vary among countries, due to the different usage and frequency of birth control methods and induced abortion among countries. A better understanding of this association may help in determining safer birth control methods for Chinese women.Methods: A case-control study was conducted with a total of 794 cases and 805 controls. Standardized questionnaires were used to collect information on demographic characteristics, exposure to induced abortion, birth control methods, and other risk factors for breast cancer. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to explore the association between birth control methods and breast cancer.Results: Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that having a history of medical abortions, ≥3 surgical abortions, or both medical and surgical abortions was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women (odds ratio [OR] 2.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14–5.40). Pre-menopausal women who had used intra-uterine devices (IUDs) for more than 20 years tended to have a lower breast cancer risk than other age-matched pre-menopausal women (OR 0.41; 95% CI, 0.25–0.68). Both pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women who had <20 years exposure to IUDs and those who had used two or more birth control methods (with the exception of women who used IUDs for more than 20 years) tended to have much higher breast cancer risk.Conclusion: The relationship between induced abortion and birth control methods and breast cancer was complex, though being exposed to induced abortion and two or more birth control methods in one’s lifetime appeared to be risk factors for breast cancer in Chinese women.

著者

Yui Yamaoka Takeo Fujiwara Yoshihisa Fujino Shinya Matsuda Kiyohide Fushimi

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20180094, (Released:2019-02-02)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

20

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Background: Abusive head trauma (AHT) is the leading cause of fatal maltreatment among young children. The incidence of AHT in Japan, however, remains unknown. This study examined the incidence and distribution of age in months among young children under 12 months old hospitalized with intracranial injury in Japan.Methods: We conducted multicenter cross-sectional study for children under 36 months old admitted with intracranial injury to hospitals that employed the Diagnostic Procedure Combination (DPC) payment system between 2010 and 2013. Presumptive and possible AHT were defined by the combination of ICD-10 codes modified from the coding system recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Results: The average incidence was 7.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.18-7.26) for presumptive and 41.7 (95% CI: 41.7-41.8) for possible AHT per 100,000 children less than 12 months old from 2010 to 2013. The distributions of age in months for both presumptive AHT and possible AHT had peaks at around two and eight months.Conclusions: This is the first study to report the incidence of hospitalized children with presumptive and possible AHT using population-based data. Further datasets are needed to evaluate the incidence and specific preventive strategies to prevent AHT in infants during the months of highest risk.

著者

Takashi Yamauchi Machi Suka Hiroyuki Yanagisawa

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20190042, (Released:2019-05-18)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

6

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Background: The present study aimed to examine the association between the presence/absence of help-seeking behavior (ie, behavior aimed at obtaining assistance from others to improve a situation or problem) and psychological distress among private and public employees by age group using a nationally representative sample of the Japanese population.Methods: The present study analyzed data obtained from the 2016 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions, a nationwide cross-sectional survey. Of 568,426 participants, 78,284 private and public employees aged 20 to 59 years, who were receiving no mental health services at the time of the survey and reported at least one stressor in daily life, were eligible. The primary outcome measure was self-rated psychological distress as measured by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Multiple logistic regression analyses were carried out separately by age group, adjusting for sociodemographic and job/life-related factors.Results: The proportion of participants not showing help-seeking behavior was significantly higher among those aged 40–59 years compared to those aged 20–39 (30.5% and 22.7%, respectively; P < 0.001). Participants without help-seeking behavior had significantly higher odds ratios (ORs) for psychological distress, regardless of age group (OR = 1.9 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.6–2.0] and OR = 1.6 [95% CI, 1.4–1.7] for the age 20–39 years and 40–59 years groups, respectively), compared to those showing help-seeking behavior.Conclusions: Participants not showing help-seeking behavior were more likely to have severe psychological distress, and this trend appeared to be slightly stronger among those aged 20–39 years. These findings suggest that promoting help-seeking behavior is important for improving mental health among workers.

著者

Sachiko Ono Yosuke Ono Daisuke Koide Hideo Yasunaga

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20180224, (Released:2019-03-02)

参考文献数

19

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Background: Guidelines recommend against all codeine use in children for its common indications of analgesia and cough suppression because of uncertain benefits and potential risk of death. However, because of its rarity, the occurrence of severe respiratory depression associated with codeine-containing antitussives has been poorly investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between codeine-containing antitussives and severe respiratory depression in children.Methods: We retrospectively identified Japanese children who were prescribed antitussives for respiratory diseases from a large Japanese administrative claims database (JMDC, Tokyo, Japan). We collected data on baseline characteristics including age, sex, and comorbidity. Each case was matched with four controls with the same sex and age in the same year from the same type of medical institution. We then examined the association between codeine-containing antitussives and subsequent severe respiratory depression using a multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis.Results: Of 164,047 children, 18,210 (11.1%) were prescribed codeine-containing antitussives. Of the children who took codeine-containing drugs, seven experienced severe respiratory depression. After adjusting for confounding factors, there was no significant difference in the proportion of severe respiratory depression between children with and without codeine-containing antitussives (odds ratio: 1.15; 95% confidence interval: 0.48 - 2.78).Conclusion: Occurrence of respiratory depression was very rare, and the association of codeine with respiratory depression was insignificant, even in a large sample of children in Japan.

著者

Takahiro Yoshizaki Junko Ishihara Ayaka Kotemori Junpei Yamamoto Yoshihiro Kokubo Isao Saito Hiroshi Yatsuya Kazumasa Yamagishi Norie Sawada Motoki Iwasaki Hiroyasu Iso Shoichiro Tsugane the JPHC Study Group

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20180130, (Released:2019-01-12)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

9

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Background: Few studies have investigated the effects of Okinawan vegetable consumption on the risk of incident stroke and coronary heart disease. This study aimed to examine associations of vegetable, fruit, and Okinawan vegetable consumption with risk of incident stroke and coronary heart disease in the Japanese population of Okinawa.Methods: Study design was a prospective cohort study. During 1995-1998, a validated food frequency questionnaire was administered in two study areas to 16,498 participants aged 45-74 years. In 217,467 person-years of follow-up until the end of 2012, a total of 839 stroke cases and 197 coronary heart disease cases were identified.Results: No statistically significant association between total Okinawan vegetable consumption and risk of stroke and coronary heart disease was obtained: the multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for the highest versus lowest tertile of consumption were 1.09 (95% confidence interval, 0.93-1.29; p for trend = 0.289) in model 2. Total vegetable and fruit and specific Okinawan vegetable consumption were also not statistically significantly associated with risk of cardiovascular outcomes.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that consumption of total vegetable and fruit, total Okinawan vegetables, and specific Okinawan vegetables in Japanese residents of Okinawa was not associated with risk of incident stroke and coronary heart disease.

著者

Mayumi Tsuji Chihaya Koriyama Yasuhiro Ishihara Megumi Yamamoto Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada Kumiko Kanatani Yu Ait Bamai Kazunari Onishi Ayako Senju Shunsuke Araki Eiji Shibata Seiichi Morokuma Masafumi Sanefuji Hiroshi Kitazawa Mayako Saito Masakazu Umezawa Atsuto Onoda Koichi Kusuhara Rie Tanaka Toshihiro Kawamoto the Japan Environment & Children’s Study Group

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20180098, (Released:2019-01-12)

参考文献数

54

被引用文献数

7

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Background: Metal exposures could possibly affect allergic responses in pregnant women, although no studies have yet shown a clear relationship between the two, and such exposures might also affect the development of allergic diseases in children.Methods: We investigated the relationship between metal concentrations in whole blood and immunoglobulin E (IgE; total and specific) in 14,408 pregnant women who participated in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. The subjects submitted self-administered questionnaires, and blood samples were collected from them twice, specifically, during the first trimester and again during the second/third trimester. Concentrations of the metals Cd, Pb, Hg, Se, and Mn, as well as serum total and allergen-specific IgEs for egg white, house dust-mites (HDM), Japanese cedar pollen (JCP), animal dander, and moth, were measured. Allergen-specific IgE(s) were divided based on concentrations <0.35 or ≥0.35 UA/mL, and the metal levels were divided into quartiles.Results: Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between HDM- and animal dander-specific IgEs and Hg and Mn concentrations. Conversely, there was a significant positive relationship between JCP-specific IgE and Hg and Se concentrations.Conclusions: Metal exposures may be related to both increases and decreases in allergen-specific IgEs in pregnant women.

著者

Tomiyo Nakamura Yasuyuki Nakamura Shigeyuki Saitoh Tomonori Okamura Masahiko Yanagita Katsushi Yoshita Yoshikuni Kita Yoshitaka Murakami Hiroshi Yokomichi Nobuo Nishi Nagako Okuda Aya Kadota Takayoshi Ohkubo Hirotsugu Ueshima Akira Okayama Katsuyuki Miura

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.Supplement_III, pp.S10-S16, 2018-03-05 (Released:2018-03-05)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

23

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Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) imbalances in developed and developing countries may result in individuals being overweight and obese. However, few studies have investigated this issue in Japan. We herein examined the relationship between SES and being underweight, overweight or obese according to sex and age groups (20–64 or ≥65 years) in Japan.Methods: In 2010, we established a cohort of participants in the National Health and Nutrition Survey of Japan. We divided 2,491 participants (1,081 men and 1,410 women) according to the WHO definitions of underweight, overweight or obesity and performed multinomial logistic analyses using BMI <18.5 kg/m2 (underweight), BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 (overweight), and BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2 (obese) versus BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 (normal) as the outcome, with SES groups as the main explanatory variables.Results: In adult men, a lower education level relative to a higher education level was inversely associated with obesity after adjustments for other SESs (odds ratio [OR] 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18–0.96). However, in adult women, lower education level was positively associated with being overweight and obese (OR 1.67; 95% CI, 1.07–2.49 for overweight and OR 2.66; 95% CI, 1.01–7.01 for obese). In adult women, a lower household income was positively associated with being overweight and obese (obese: OR 4.84; 95% CI, 1.36–17.18 for those with a household income <2 million JPY relative to those with ≥6 million JPY).Conclusions: In adult women, a lower education level and lower household income were positively associated with being overweight or obese. In contrast, in adult men, a lower education level was inversely associated with obesity. Gender and age differences in SESs affect the prevalence of being overweight or obese.