著者

Kosei Takahashi Kenji Akiniwa Kenichi Narita

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.4, pp.170-179, 2001 (Released:2008-04-22)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

18 38

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Age-specific and age-standardized rates (ASR) of registered cancers for nine communities in the U.S.A. (21.8 million inhabitants, mainly white) were obtained from IARC data (1978-82, 1983-87, 1988-92). The percentage of people supplied with "optimally" fluoridated drinking water (FD) obtained from the Fluoridation Census 1985, U.S.A. were used for regression analysis of incidence rates of cancers at thirty six sites (ICD-WHO, 1957). About two-thirds of sites of the body (ICD) were associated positively with FD, but negative associations were noted for lip cancer, melanoma of the skin, and cancers of the prostate and thyroid gland. In digestive organs the stomach showed only limited and small intestine no significant link. However, cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, colon and rectum, hepato-biliary and urinary organs were positively associated with FD. This was also the case for bone cancers in male, in line with results of rat experiments. Brain tumors and T-cell system Hodgkin's disease, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma, melanoma of the skin and monocytic leukaemia were also correlated with FD. Of the 36 sites, 23 were positively significant (63.9%), 9 not significant (25.0%) and 4 negatively significant (11.1%). This may indicate a complexity of mechanisms of action of fluoride in the body, especially in view of the coexising positive and negative correlations with the fluoridation index. The likelihood of fluoride acting as a genetic cause of cancer requires consideration.

著者

Takashi Fujiwara Yohei Maeda

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20210002, (Released:2021-03-20)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1

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Mumps deafness is a serious complication of mumps and its risk factors have not been evaluated. Takagi et al. suggested that adolescents and adults have an 8.4 times higher incidence of mumps deafness than children. However, they did not validate the outcome definition of mumps and mumps deafness, and the age-related difference they observed is not the true difference in the incidence of mumps deafness.

著者

Akiho Sugita Ling Ling Taishi Tsuji Katsunori Kondo Ichiro Kawachi

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20190337, (Released:2020-09-19)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

10

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Background: Active engagement in intellectually enriching activities reportedly lowers the risk of cognitive decline; however, few studies have examined this association, including engagement in traditional cultural activities. This study aimed to elucidate the types of cultural engagement associated with lower risk of cognitive impairment.Methods: We examined the association between cultural engagement and cognitive impairment using Cox proportional hazards models in a cohort of 44,985 participants (20,772 males and 24,213 females) aged 65 years or older of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study from 2010 to 2016. Intellectual activities (e.g., reading books, magazines, and/or newspapers), creative activities (e.g., crafts and painting), and traditional cultural activities (e.g., poetry composition [haiku], calligraphy, and tea ceremony/flower arrangement) were included among cultural engagement activities.Results: Over a follow-up period of six years, incident cognitive disability was observed in 4,198 respondents (9.3%). After adjusting for potential confounders such as depression and social support, intellectual activities were protectively associated with the risk of cognitive impairment (hazard ratio, HR for those who read and stated that reading was their hobby: 0.75 [95% confidence interval, CI 0.66–0.85] and those who read but did not consider reading a hobby: 0.72 [95% CI, 0.65–0.80]). Engagement in creative activities was also significantly correlated with lower risk of cognitive impairment (crafts: 0.71 [95% CI, 0.62–0.81] and painting: 0.80 [95% CI, 0.66–0.96]). The association between traditional cultural activities and the risk of cognitive impairment was not statistically significant.Conclusions: Engagement in intellectual and creative activities may be associated with reduced risk of dementia.

著者

Haruki Momma Kiminori Kato Susumu S. Sawada Yuko Gando Ryoko Kawakami Motohiko Miyachi Ryoichi Nagatomi Minoru Tashiro Yasuhiro Matsubayashi Satoru Kodama Midori Iwanaga Kazuya Fujihara Hirohito Sone

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20200034, (Released:2020-05-16)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

13

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Background: Grip strength reflects systemic muscle strength and mass and is reportedly associated with various metabolic variables. However, its prognostic association with dyslipidemia is unknown. We examined the association of grip strength and other physical fitness markers with the incidence of dyslipidemia among Japanese adults.Methods: A total of 16,149 Japanese (6208 women) individuals aged 20–92 years who underwent a physical fitness test between April 2001 and March 2002 were included in this cohort study. Grip strength, vertical jump, single-leg balance with eyes closed, forward bending, and whole-body reaction time were evaluated at baseline. Dyslipidemia was annually determined based on fasting serum lipid profiles and self-reported dyslipidemia from April 2001 to March 2008.Results: During the follow-up period, 4458 (44.9%) men and 2461 (39.6%) women developed dyslipidemia. A higher relative grip strength (grip strength/body mass index) was associated with a lower incidence of dyslipidemia among both men and women (P for trend < 0.001). Compared with those for the first septile, the hazards ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the seventh septile were 0.56 (0.50, 0.63) for men and 0.69 (0.58, 0.81) for women. Moreover, relative vertical jump (vertical jump strength/body mass index) was also inversely associated with the incidence of dyslipidemia among both men and women (P for trend < 0.001). There was no association between other physical fitness and dyslipidemia among both men and women.Conclusion: Relative grip strength and vertical jump may be useful risk markers of the incidence of dyslipidemia.

著者

Hisayoshi Morioka Osamu Itani Yoneatsu Osaki Susumu Higuchi Maki Jike Yoshitaka Kaneita Hideyuki Kanda Sachi Nakagome Takashi Ohida

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.107-111, 2017 (Released:2017-04-03)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

46

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Background: This study aimed to clarify the associations between the frequency and amount of alcohol consumption and problematic Internet use, such as Internet addiction and excessive Internet use.Methods: A self-administered questionnaire survey was administered to students enrolled in randomly selected junior and senior high schools throughout Japan, and responses from 100,050 students (51,587 males and 48,463 females) were obtained. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed in order to examine the associations between alcohol use and problematic Internet, use such as Internet addiction (Young Diagnostic Questionnaire for Internet Addiction ≥5) and excessive Internet use (≥5 h/day).Results: The results of multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that the adjusted odds ratios for Internet addiction (YDQ ≥5) and excessive Internet use (≥5 h/day) became higher as the number of days in which alcohol had been consumed during the previous 30 days increased. In addition, the adjusted odds ratio for excessive Internet use (≥5 h/day) indicated a dose-dependent association with the amount of alcohol consumed per session.Conclusions: This study revealed that adolescents showing problematic Internet use consumed alcohol more frequently and consumed a greater amount of alcohol than those without problematic Internet use. These findings suggest a close association between drinking and problematic Internet use among Japanese adolescents.

著者

Hisashi Noma Munechika Misumi Shiro Tanaka

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20210509, (Released:2022-06-25)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

1 3

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Background: In case-cohort studies with binary outcomes, ordinary logistic regression analyses have been widely used because of their computational simplicity. However, the resultant odds ratio estimates cannot be interpreted as relative risk measures unless the event rate is low. The risk ratio and risk difference are more favorable outcome measures that are directly interpreted as effect measures without the rare disease assumption.Methods: We provide pseudo-Poisson and pseudo-normal linear regression methods for estimating risk ratios and risk differences in analyses of case-cohort studies. These multivariate regression models are fitted by weighting the inverses of sampling probabilities. Also, the precisions of the risk ratio and risk difference estimators can be improved using auxiliary variable information, specifically by adapting the calibrated or estimated weights, which are readily measured on all samples from the whole cohort. Finally, we provide computational code in R (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) that can easily perform these methods.Results: Through numerical analyses of artificially simulated data and the National Wilms Tumor Study data, accurate risk ratio and risk difference estimates were obtained using the pseudo-Poisson and pseudo-normal linear regression methods. Also, using the auxiliary variable information from the whole cohort, precisions of these estimators were markedly improved.Conclusion: The ordinary logistic regression analyses may provide uninterpretable effect measure estimates, and the risk ratio and risk difference estimation methods are effective alternative approaches for case-cohort studies. These methods are especially recommended under situations in which the event rate is not low.

著者

Kiyomasa Nakatsuka Rei Ono Shunsuke Murata Toshihiro Akisue Haruhisa Fukuda

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20220310, (Released:2023-03-25)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1

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Background: We aimed to assess whether the United States-developed Claims-based Frailty Index (CFI) can be implemented in Japanese older adults using claims data.Methods: We used the monthly claims data and certification of long-term care (LTC) insurance data of residents from 12 municipalities from April 2014 to March 2019. The 12 months from first recording was defined as the “baseline period,” and the time thereafter as the “follow-up period”. Participants aged ≥65 years were included, and those with no certified LTC insurance or who died at baseline were excluded. New certification of LTC insurance and all-cause mortality during the follow-up period were defined as outcome events. CFI categorization consisted of three steps including: 1) using 12 months deficit-accumulation approach that assigned different weights to each of the 52 items; 2) the accumulated score to derive the CFI; and 3) categorizing the CFI as “robust” (<0.15), “prefrail” (0.15–0.24), and “frail” (≥0.25). Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the association between CFI and outcomes. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.Results: There were 519,941 participants in total. After adjusting for covariates, the severe CFI category had a high risk of certification of LTC insurance (prefrail: HR 1.33; 95% CI, 1.27–1.39 and frail: HR 1.60; 95% CI, 1.53–1.68) and all-cause mortality (prefrail: HR 1.44; 95% CI, 1.29–1.60 and frail: HR 1.84; 95% CI, 1.66–2.05).Conclusion: This study suggests that CFI can be implemented in Japanese claims data to predict the certification of LTC insurance and mortality.

著者

Haruhisa Fukuda Chieko Ishiguro Rei Ono Kosuke Kiyohara

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.8, pp.428-437, 2023-08-05 (Released:2023-08-05)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

29

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Background: The Longevity Improvement & Fair Evidence (LIFE) Study, which was launched in 2019, is a multi-region community-based database project that aims to generate evidence toward extending healthy life expectancy and reducing health disparities in Japan. Herein, we describe the LIFE Study’s design and baseline participant profile.Methods: Municipalities participating in the LIFE Study provide data from government-administered health insurance enrollees and public assistance recipients. These participants cover all disease types and age groups. Centered on healthcare claims data, the project also collects long-term care claims data, health checkup data, vaccination records, residence-related information, and income-related information. The different data types are converted into a common data model containing five modules (health care, long-term care, health checkup, socioeconomic status, and health services). We calculated the descriptive statistics of participants at baseline in 2018.Results: The LIFE Study currently stores data from 1,420,437 residents of 18 municipalities. The health care module contains 1,280,756 participants (mean age: 65.2 years), the long-term care module contains 189,069 participants (mean age: 84.3 years), and the health checkup module contains 274,375 participants (mean age: 69.0 years). Although coverage and follow-up rates were lower among younger persons, the health care module includes 74,151 children (0–19 years), 273,157 working-age adults (20–59 years), and 933,448 older persons (≥60 years).Conclusion: The LIFE Study provides data from over 1 million participants and can facilitate a wide variety of life-course research and cohort studies. This project is expected to be a useful platform for generating real-world evidence from Japan.

著者

Akemi Kurisu Aya Sugiyama Tomoyuki Akita Ichiro Takumi Hitoshi Yamamoto Koji Iida Junko Tanaka

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20220316, (Released:2023-02-25)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2

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Introduction: The burden of epilepsy is thought to be high but is difficult to measure. Very few studies in Japan have attempted to estimate prevalence and incidence rates of epilepsy in Japan.Methods: This retrospective cohort study used commercially collected nationwide insurance claims data from a cohort of 10M persons between 2012 and 2019 among those aged 0 to 74 years. Using the claims data, cases were identified, and incidence and prevalence rates were estimated.Results: A total of 9,864,278 persons were included. The average age was 34.5 (± SD 18.5) years. A total of 77,312 persons were diagnosed with epilepsy over the 8-year observation period with a prevalence rate of 6.0 per 1,000 with almost no difference by gender. The highest rates were seen among those aged 70-74 years; prevalence rates tended to rise with calendar year (5.4/1,000 in 2012, 6.0/1,000 in 2019). The incidence rate of epilepsy was 72.1 per 100,000 person-years with slightly higher rates seen among females. Incidence rates were highest at ages less than 12 months (199.8/100,000 person-years), followed by the eldest age group (70-74 years, 179.4/100,000 person-years)Conclusions: Understanding the magnitude of disease burden is the basis of determining health policies. In this study, the prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in Japan was shown based on the analysis results of a large-scale general population insurance claims data covering all over Japan.

著者

Mikio Nakajima Yohei Okada Tomohiro Sonoo Tadahiro Goto

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.10, pp.531-535, 2023-10-05 (Released:2023-10-05)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

14

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Background: The Japan Coma Scale (JCS) is the most frequently adopted method for evaluating level of consciousness in Japan. However, no validated method for converting the JCS to the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) exists. The aims of the present study were to develop and validate a method to convert the JCS to GCS.Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective analysis involving three emergency departments (EDs) in Japan. We included all adult patients who visited the ED between 2017 and 2020. The participating facilities were divided into two cohorts—one cohort to develop a table to convert the JCS to GCS (development cohort), and the other cohort to validate the conversion table (validation cohort). The conversion table of the JCS to GCS was developed based on the median values of the GCS. The outcome was the concordance rate between the JCS and GCS.Results: We identified 8,194 eligible patients. The development cohort included 7,373 patients and the validation cohort included 821 patients. In the validation cohort, the absolute and relative concordance rates were 80.3% (95% confidence interval, 77.4–82.9%) and 93.2% (95% confidence interval, 91.2–94.8%), respectively.Conclusion: This study developed and validated a novel method for converting the JCS to GCS. Assuming the offset by a single category between the JCS and GCS is acceptable, the concordance rate was over 90% in the general adult patient population visiting the ED. The conversion method may assist researchers to convert JCS scores into GCS scores, which are more commonly recognized among global audiences.

著者

Yuta Nemoto Shinichiro Sato Yoshinori Kitabatake Noriko Takeda Kazushi Maruo Takashi Arao

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20210419, (Released:2022-05-14)

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

4

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Background: It has not been determined whether mentally active sedentary behavior (MASB) and passive sedentary behavior (PSB) differentially affect cognitive function and whether these associations differ according to physical activity (PA) level. We examined the comparative impacts of MASB and PSB on dementia onset and aimed to understand whether the associations differed by PA level.Methods: We conducted a 5-year longitudinal study involving all community-dwelling older adults in a rural area in Japan (n = 5,323). Dementia onset was examined using long-term care insurance data. PA was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and categorized as low (<2.5 metabolic equivalent of task [MET]-h/week), moderate (2.5–16.0 MET-h/week), or high (≥16.0 MET-h/week). We also assessed PSB (TV-watching time; <1 h/day, 1–3 h/day, ≥3 h/day) and MASB (Book-reading time; <10 min/day, 10–30 min/day, ≥30 min/day). To examine the associations of MASB and PSB with dementia onset, we performed the Fine-Gray models accounting for competing risk of death.Results: During the follow-up period, 606 (11.4%) participants developed dementia. MASB was independently associated with a lower risk of dementia; the magnitude of the impact was significant at higher PA levels. There was no association between PSB and developing dementia across all PA levels. Furthermore, dementia risk for individuals with high PA levels and moderate or high MASB levels was approximately 60% lower than those with low PA levels and low MASB.Conclusion: Providing interventions to promote MASB, which reduces dementia risk, and PA, which increases MASB’s effect on dementia incidence, can be beneficial in delaying or preventing dementia onset.

著者

Yasuyuki Okumura Nobuo Sakata Hisateru Tachimori Tadashi Takeshima

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.7, pp.264-271, 2019-07-05 (Released:2019-07-05)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

4 7

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Background: Understanding the area-specific resource use of inpatient psychiatric care is essential for the efficient use of the public assistance system. This study aimed to assess the geographical variation in psychiatric admissions and to identify the prefecture-level determinants of psychiatric admissions among recipients of public assistance in Japan.Methods: We identified all recipients of public assistance who were hospitalized in a psychiatric ward in May 2014, 2015, or 2016 using the Fact-finding Survey on Medical Assistance. The age- and sex-standardized number of psychiatric admissions was calculated for each of the 47 prefectures, using direct and indirect standardization methods.Results: A total of 46,559 psychiatric inpatients were identified in May 2016. The number of psychiatric admissions per 100,000 population was 36.6. We found a 7.1-fold difference between the prefectures with the highest (Nagasaki) and lowest (Nagano) numbers of admissions. The method of decomposing explained variance in the multiple regression model showed that the number of psychiatric beds per 100,000 population and the number of recipients of public assistance per 1,000 population were the most important determinants of the number of psychiatric admissions (R2 = 28% and R2 = 23%, respectively). The sensitivity analyses, using medical cost as the outcome and data from different survey years and subgroups, showed similar findings.Conclusions: We identified a large geographical variation in the number and total medical cost of psychiatric admissions among recipients of public assistance. Our findings should encourage policy makers to assess the rationale for this variation and consider strategies for reducing it.

著者

Pranoti Pradhan Wanqing Wen Hui Cai Yu-Tang Gao Gong Yang Xiao-ou Shu Wei Zheng

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.10, pp.469-475, 2022-10-05 (Released:2022-10-05)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1 7

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Background: Ginseng, an herbal remedy, has been commonly used in Asian countries to promote longevity and health for over 2,000 years. However, the association of ginseng consumption with all-cause and cause-specific mortality is still unclear. We analyzed the association of total and major cause-specific mortality (cardiovascular disease [CVD], cancer, and other death) with consumption of ginseng (primarily American and white ginseng).Methods: This study included 56,183 female participants with an average follow-up of 14.7 years in the Shanghai Women’s Health Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study. Data were assessed via an in-person interview conducted at baseline recruitment. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ginseng-mortality associations after adjusting for confounders.Results: Compared with those who never used ginseng, regular ginseng use was associated with significantly reduced all-cause mortality (HR 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87–0.98). This inverse association was seen primarily among those who consumed ginseng for perceived general health benefit (HR 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85–0.96). A significant dose-response association was observed between duration of ginseng use and total mortality (HR 0.85, for using ≥6 years vs never use; P for trend <0.001), CVD mortality (HR 0.83; P for trend = 0.019), and other-cause mortality (HR 0.76; P for trend = 0.001). However, no dose-response association was observed between amount of ginseng consumption and mortality outcomes.Conclusion: Regular ginseng consumption, particularly over a long duration, was associated with decreased risk of all causes of death, death due to CVD, and death due to certain other diseases.

著者

Johanna L. Nader Mònica López-Vicente Jordi Julvez Monica Guxens Tim Cadman Ahmed Elhakeem Marjo-Riitta Järvelin Nina Rautio Jouko Miettunen Hanan El Marroun Maria Melchior Barbara Heude Marie-Aline Charles Tiffany C. Yang Rosemary R. C. McEachan John Wright Kinga Polanska Jennie Carson Ashleigh Lin Sebastian Rauschert Rae-Chi Huang Maja Popovic Lorenzo Richiardi Eva Corpeleijn Marloes Cardol Tuija M. Mikkola Johan G. Eriksson Theodosia Salika Hazel Inskip Johan Lerbech Vinther Katrine Strandberg-Larsen Kathrin Gürlich Veit Grote Berthold Koletzko Marina Vafeiadi Jordi Sunyer Vincent W. V. Jaddoe Jennifer R. Harris

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20210241, (Released:2021-11-13)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

7

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Background: The EU LifeCycle Project was launched in 2017 to combine, harmonise, and analyse data from more than 250,000 participants across Europe and Australia, involving cohorts participating in the EU-funded LifeCycle Project. The purpose of this cohort description is to provide a detailed overview over the major measures within mental health domains that are available in 17 European and Australian cohorts participating in the LifeCycle Project.Methods: Data on cognitive, behavioural and psychological development has been collected on participants from birth until adulthood through questionnaire and medical data. We developed an inventory of the available data by mapping individual instruments, domain types, and age groups, providing the basis for statistical harmonization across mental health measures.Results: The mental health data in LifeCycle contain longitudinal and cross-sectional data for ages 0-18+ years, covering domains across a wide range of behavioural and psychopathology indicators and outcomes (including executive function, depression, ADHD and cognition). These data span a unique combination of qualitative data collected through behavioural/cognitive/mental health questionnaires and examination, as well as data from biological samples and indices in the form of brain imaging (MRI, foetal ultrasound) and DNA methylation data. Harmonized variables on a subset of mental health domains have been developed, providing statistical equivalence of measures required for longitudinal meta-analyses across instruments and cohorts.Conclusion: Mental health data harmonized through the LifeCycle project can be used to study life course trajectories and exposure-outcome models that examine early life risk factors for mental illness and develop predictive markers for later-life disease.

著者

Yusuke Matsuyama Aya Isumi Satomi Doi Takeo Fujiwara

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20210321, (Released:2021-10-30)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1

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Background: Leaving children alone at home is considered child neglect in some countries but is not prohibited in Japan. We investigated the association between being left alone at home and dental caries of children aged 6–7 years in Japan.Methods: The data on first graders in all 69 public elementary schools in Adachi, Tokyo, obtained from repeated cross-sectional surveys in 2015, 2017, and 2019 were analyzed. Caregivers answered the questionnaire, and the data were linked to the information on children’s dental caries evaluated in school dental health checkups (N = 12,029). Poisson regression analysis with propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to account for confounders.Results: Leaving children alone at home for ≥1 hour during the weekdays was reported by 46.4% of the caregivers, which did not vary across years. The PSM analysis showed that, compared with children never being left alone at home, children being left alone at home for ≥1 time per week had more dental caries (mean ratio [MR] 1.11; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.21; P = 0.016), while <1 time per week was not associated (MR 0.97; 95% CI, 0.92–1.03; P = 0.345). The difference between those being left alone at home for <1 time per week and those being left alone for ≥1 time per week was not significant after applying Bonferroni correction (MR 1.12; 95% CI, 1.00–1.26; P = 0.041).Conclusion: Leaving children alone at home for ≥1 hour every week might be a risk factor for dental caries of children aged 6–7 years.

著者

Hiroshi Habu Soshi Takao Ryohei Fujimoto Hiromichi Naito Atsunori Nakao Takashi Yorifuji

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20210066, (Released:2021-06-26)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

13

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Background: Hardships associated with the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic can affect mental health, potentially leading to increased risk of suicide. We examined the relationship between the COVID-19 outbreak and suicide attempts in Okayama, Japan using information from emergency dispatches.Methods: This was a descriptive epidemiological study. We collected information on emergency dispatches in Okayama City and Kibichuo from March to August in 2018, 2019 and 2020 (n = 47,770 cases). We compared emergency dispatches and their demographic characteristics, especially focusing on suicide attempts, during these 3 years.Results: The number of emergency dispatches in 2020 decreased compared with the previous 2 years, while the number and proportion of emergency dispatches related to suicide attempts increased. This increase was more pronounced among women and those aged 25–49 years. Among women aged 25–49 years, there was a cumulative total of 43 suicide attempts in 2018 and 2019 and 73 suicide attempts in 2020.Conclusions: The number and proportion of emergency dispatches related to suicide attempts increased in 2020 compared with the previous 2 years, especially among women and those aged 25–49 years. This increase may be partly explained by hardships such as economic losses or reduced social ties during the COVID-19 outbreak.

著者

Shohei Nagata Tomoki Nakaya Yu Adachi Toru Inamori Kazuto Nakamura Dai Arima Hiroshi Nishiura

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.6, pp.387-391, 2021-06-05 (Released:2021-06-05)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

56

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Background: As the COVID-19 pandemic spread, the Japanese government declared a state of emergency on April 7, 2020 for seven prefectures, and on April 16, 2020 for all prefectures. The Japanese Prime Minister and governors requested people to adopt self-restraint behaviors, including working from home and refraining from visiting nightlife spots. However, the effectiveness of the mobility change due to such requests in reducing the spread of COVID-19 has been little investigated. The present study examined the association of the mobility change in working, nightlife, and residential places and the COVID-19 outbreaks in Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya metropolitan areas in Japan.Methods: First, we calculated the daily mobility change in working, nightlife, and residential places compared to the mobility before the outbreak using mobile device data. Second, we estimated the sensitivity of mobility changes to the reproduction number by generalized least squares.Results: Mobility change had already started in March, 2020. However, mobility reduction in nightlife places was particularly significant due to the state of emergency declaration. Although the mobility in each place type was associated with the COVID-19 outbreak, the mobility changes in nightlife places were more significantly associated with the outbreak than those in the other place types. There were regional differences in intensity of sensitivity among each metropolitan area.Conclusions: Our findings indicated the effectiveness of the mobility changes, particularly in nightlife places, in reducing the outbreak of COVID-19.

著者

Nobutoshi Nawa Daiki Tebi Jin Kuramochi Takeo Fujiwara

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20210197, (Released:2021-08-12)

参考文献数

12

著者

Rei Otsuka Koji Tamakoshi Hiroshi Yatsuya Chiyoe Murata Atsushi Sekiya Keiko Wada Hui Ming Zhang Kunihiro Matsushita Kaichiro Sugiura Seiko Takefuji Pei OuYang Nobue Nagasawa Takaaki Kondo Satoshi Sasaki Hideaki Toyoshima

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.3, pp.117-124, 2006 (Released:2006-05-19)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

106 194

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BACKGROUND: Few epidemiologic studies have examined the association between the rate of eating and obesity. In this study, we cross-sectionally examined the association of the self-reported rate of eating with current Body Mass Index (BMI), and BMI-change from 20 years of age to the current age.METHODS: Subjects were 3737 male (mean age ± standard deviation and mean BMI ± standard deviation: 48.2 ± 7.1 years and 23.3 ± 2.7 kg/m2) and 1005 female (46.3 ± 7.0 years and 21.8 ± 2.8 kg/m2) Japanese civil servants. We measured self-reported categorical rate of eating, current BMI, BMI at age 20, and BMI-change from age 20. Energy intake was assessed over a 1-month period with a brief-type diet history questionnaire.RESULTS: The multiple regression analysis in which the current BMI was regressed by categorical rate of eating, energy intake, age, and lifestyle factors showed that current BMI steadily increased by -0.99, -0.67, 0.81, and 1.47 kg/m2 along with the progress of categorical rate of eating from the 'medium' group to 'very slow', 'relatively slow', 'relatively fast', and 'very fast' groups, respectively, in men. In women, the corresponding values were -1.06, -0.35, 0.50, and 1.34 kg/m2. When the BMI increment from age 20 to current age was regressed in the same manner, the increment was -0.63, -0.34, 0.57, and 1.05 kg/m2 in men and -0.71, -0.32, 0.34, and 1.14 kg/m2 in women, respectively. Additionally, both BMI at age 20 and current height were positively associated with rate of eating.CONCLUSIONS: Our results among middle-aged men and women suggest that eating fast would lead to obesity.J Epidemiol 2006; 16: 117-124.

著者

Haruhiko Inada Jun Tomio Masao Ichikawa Shinji Nakahara

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20200504, (Released:2021-02-13)

参考文献数

40

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Background: Modal shifts in transport may reduce overall road injuries. Cyclist junior high school students are at a high risk of road injuries while commuting in Japan, and injuries among junior high school students could be reduced if the cyclists switch to other transport modes.Methods: We estimated the change in the incidence of road deaths and serious injuries while commuting in months with heavy snowfall, when cyclists are likely to switch to other transport modes. Using police data on the monthly number of road injuries while commuting among junior high school students in Japan between 2004 and 2013 and corresponding population statistics and snowfall data, we calculated the monthly injury rate (number of deaths and serious injuries divided by population) at the prefecture level. We conducted Poisson regression analysis to estimate the change in the rate in months with a snowfall of ≥100 cm, compared to months without snowfall.Results: A total of 3164 deaths and serious injuries occurred during 2004 to 2013. The injury rate among cyclists was almost zero in months with a snowfall of ≥100 cm. That among cyclists and pedestrians in these months was reduced by 68% (95% confidence interval, 43-82%).Conclusions: In months with heavy snowfall, road injuries while commuting were reduced due to the near-elimination of cycling injuries among junior high school students in Japan. Switching from cycling to other transport modes would reduce overall road injuries among this population, and inducing modal shifts can be an important tool for road safety.