著者

山田 博之 近藤 信太郎 花村 肇

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

Anthropological science. Japanese series : journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon : 人類學雜誌 (ISSN:13443992)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.112, no.2, pp.75-84, 2004-12-01

被引用文献数

4 3

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人の第3大臼歯は最も発生が遅く,形態変異も大きく,欠如率も高い。環境要因の影響を最も受けやすく,小進化を反映しやすい歯である。そこで,日本人集団の歯牙形態の小進化を考察する目的で,第3大臼歯の先天的欠如率を時代順に調べた。その結果,縄文時代人は欠如頻度が低く,ほとんどの第3大臼歯は発生していたが,弥生時代人になると急激に欠如頻度が高くなっていた。この急激な変化は,外来集団からの遺伝的影響によって生じたと考えられる。弥生時代人以降,欠如頻度はさらに高くなり,昭和初期にはピークに達した。その後,先天的欠如頻度は急激に減少し,第3大臼歯が存在する人は多くなっていた。昭和時代以降の変化は高栄養物の摂取と,それに伴う高身長化や性成熟の加速化によるものと思われる。<br>

著者

TSUNEHIKO HANIHARA HIROFUMI MATSUMURA YOSHINORI KAWAKUBO LAN COUNG NGUYEN KIM THUY NGUYEN MARC F. OXENHAM YUKIO DODO

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1202070129, (Released:2012-02-09)

被引用文献数

7 12

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In this study, nine nonmetric cranial traits were recorded for ancient human remains excavated at early prehistoric (the late Pleistocene, early Holocene, and Pre-Pottery Neolithic) and late prehistoric (the Neolithic and early Iron age) archeological sites in northern Vietnam. The comparative samples consist of prehistoric and early historic crania from the lower Yangtze River basin, together with recent cranial series from Vietnam, Thailand, South China, and Australia. The results, based mainly on the measure of divergence, are as follows: (1) the early prehistoric northern Vietnam group is distinct from the subsequent inhabitants of northern Vietnam and neighboring populations; (2) the cranial series of northern Vietnam and the surrounding region from the late prehistoric to recent times through early historic period exhibit relative homogeneity, suggesting population continuity; (3) the recent Han Chinese from southern China, one of the possible representatives of East Asians, are relatively distant from all groups from the prehistoric age onwards; and (4) a clear separation of Aboriginal Australians from all the comparative samples, including the early prehistoric northern Vietnamese, is evident. These findings suggest partial support for the two opposing hypotheses, i.e. the two-layer model and the regional-continuity model, for the population history of Southeast Asians, at least, in the northern Vietnamese region. This may be further compatible with the recent hypothesis for modern human dispersals: an earlier out-of-Africa expansion of Australians than other contemporary Eurasians including Southeast Asians.

著者

IZUMI NAKA JUN OHASHI RYOSUKE KIMURA TAKURO FURUSAWA TARO YAMAUCHI MINATO NAKAZAWA KAZUMI NATSUHARA YUJI ATAKA NAO NISHIDA TAKAFUMI ISHIDA TSUKASA INAOKA YASUHIRO MATSUMURA RYUTARO OHTSUKA

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1202070130, (Released:2012-02-09)

被引用文献数

2 2

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To study the origin of Polynesians and the gene flow from Polynesian ancestors to indigenous Melanesians, a 48-bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in exon 3 of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene was investigated for six Austronesian (AN)-speaking populations—two in Tonga (Nuku’alofa and Ha’apai), three in Solomon Islands (Munda, Paradise, and Rawaki, of whom Rawaki was a Micronesian migrant group), and one in Papua New Guinea (Balopa), and one Non-Austronesian (NAN)-speaking population in Papua New Guinea (Gidra). In these Oceanic populations, six VNTR alleles with 2 (2R) to 11 (7R) repeats were observed. The most frequent DRD4 VNTR allele was the 4R allele, although the allele frequencies of 2R and 7R varied markedly among them, characterized by high frequencies of 7R and lack of 2R in NAN-speaking Melanesians (Gidra), and high frequencies of 2R and low or null frequencies of 7R in AN-speaking Polynesians (Nuku’alofa and Ha’apai) and Micronesians (Rawaki). The allele frequency distribution of DRD4 VNTR in Polynesians was similar to that in Aboriginal Taiwanese (Ami and Atayal), supporting the hypothesis that Polynesian ancestors were derived from Southeast Asians (probably Taiwanese). A principal component analysis for Southeast Asian and Oceanic populations based on the DRD4 VNTR allele frequencies revealed that AN-speaking Melanesian populations were genetically placed between two AN-speaking Polynesian and one NAN-speaking Melanesian populations. These results provide evidence of gene flow from Polynesian ancestors to indigenous Melanesians while Polynesian ancestors passed through Melanesia.

著者

近藤 信太郎 金澤 英作 中山 光子

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

Anthropological science. Japanese series : journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon : 人類學雜誌 (ISSN:13443992)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.114, no.1, pp.63-73, 2006-06-01

被引用文献数

2

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ヒトの上顎大臼歯と第二乳臼歯に見られるカラベリー結節は最もよく知られた歯冠形質のひとつである。この形質に関しては様々な観点から多数の研究が行われてきた。本稿では最近の研究を紹介するとともに,この形質が歯の人類学に与えた多くの課題を3つのキーワード「分布」,「遺伝」,「系統と発生」にしたがって検証した。「分布」の項では形質の基準,集団間の違い,ヨーロッパ人にカラベリー結節が多く見られる理由を検討した。「遺伝」の項ではカラベリー結節の遺伝,左右側の非対称性,性染色体とカラベリー結節,性差について考察した。「系統と発生」の項ではカラベリー結節の系統発生と個体発生,カラベリー結節は大きい歯にみられるのか,に関して検討した。歯の内部構造の研究方法の開発や分子生物学的な研究によりカラベリー結節は多方面からより詳細に研究され,未解決の課題が解明されることであろう。<br>

著者

佐竹 隆

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

Anthropological science. Japanese series : journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon : 人類學雜誌 (ISSN:13443992)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.118, no.1, pp.37-46, 2010-06-01

参考文献数

15

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フルドリチカ生誕140周年の今年(2009年)9月2日から5日までの4日間,第5回フルドリチカ国際人類学会がチェコのプラハとフルドリチカの生地フンポレツ(Humpolec)で,"Quo vadis homo…societas humana?"をスローガンに開催された。学術発表は17のセクションに分けて3つの会場で行われた。午前にPlenary SessionがInstitute of Anatomy, Charles University in Pragueで行われ,午後はOral SessionとPoster SessionがNational MuseumとFaculty of Science, Charles University in Pragueで行われた。3日目の午後はフンポレツに場所を変え,記念講演とフルドリチカ・メダルの受賞式が行われた。公式発表による参加者総数は約350名,Plenary session 11題,Oral session 103題,Poster session 58題の発表があった。学会で配布された資料をもとにフルドリチカの生涯について簡単に最新の情報から紹介する。<br>

著者

MARK J. HUDSON

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.113, no.2, pp.131-139, 2005 (Released:2005-08-09)

参考文献数

71

被引用文献数

2 2

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From at least 1976 until his exposure by the media in November 2000, amateur archaeologist Shinichi Fujimura planted artifacts at over 180 Paleolithic ‘sites’ in Miyagi Prefecture and other parts of eastern Japan. As a result of this hoax, the existence of an Early Paleolithic stretching back more than half a million years became widely accepted in Japan. Fujimura perpetrated one of the biggest archaeological hoaxes of the 20th century and his actions have important implications for the way archaeological research is conducted in Japan and beyond. This article explores the sociopolitical background to the hoax and argues that the emphasis on archaeology as ‘people’s history’ in postwar Japan was one important factor in the favorable evaluations given to Fujimura’s discoveries. It is suggested that the lessons of the Fujimura hoax support the need for a stronger and more reflexive relationship between archaeology and anthropology in Japan.