著者

佐々木 拓

出版者

日本イギリス哲学会

雑誌

イギリス哲学研究 (ISSN:03877450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.21-37, 2004-03-20 (Released:2018-04-25)

参考文献数

19

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John Locke's argument of free-will problem in his An Essay Concernig Human Understanding has been seen to be sort of problematic. It is “a power to suspend the execution of any of its desires” and determinism of will that form the core of the problem. In this paper, I'm trying to resolve this problem from the libertarian point of view. There are some approaches to interpret Locke as libertarian, but they has further problems in terms of both interpretation and theory themselves. This paper gives further arguments to support their approaches and sets forth coherent interpretation of Locke's theory of freedom.

著者

長尾 伸一

出版者

日本イギリス哲学会

雑誌

イギリス哲学研究 (ISSN:03877450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.63-65, 2001-03-20 (Released:2018-04-25)

著者

神野 慧一郎

出版者

日本イギリス哲学会

雑誌

イギリス哲学研究 (ISSN:03877450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.5-22, 2002-03-20 (Released:2018-04-25)

参考文献数

28

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As every Hume scholar knows, there are two leading interpretations concerning the fundamental position of Hume's philosophy. One views Hume the philosopher as a sceptic, and the other regards Hume's moral theory as naturalistic. And as far as Hume's moral theory is concerned, the latter interpretation is now no doubt dominant. Although by and large I would agree with the naturalistic interpretation of Hume's philosophy, I should think it necessary to clarify the meaning of “naturalism”. For, though moral naturalism tends to be identified with moral realism, I rather doubt whether we can say Hume's moral theory is a kind of moral realism. In addition to this, if moral realism, as the correspondence theory of truth maintains, should imply that a moral proposition corresponds to some state of affairs, then a problem would arise: to what state of affairs does a moral proposition correspond? This is a difficult question to anwser if we accept the dualism of fact and value. Now some recent moral realists have introduced the idea of “supervenience” into moral theory to solve the problem. This idea, I admit, is very attractive, because it seems not only to give us the criterion to decide whether any moral proposition is true or not, but also enables us to avoid confusing moral property with natural quality. S. Blackburn, however, propounded a forceful argument that is fatal to the strategy of introducing the idea of supervenience for the solution of the problem, and contradicts moral realism. If, however, we would accept his argument, what would be the results? In the first place, in order for us still to be justified in talking about the truth of moral propositions, we have to refuse the correspondece theory of truth and make an appeal to the coherence theory (for the pragmatic theory would not be suitable in the present situation). But, then, it may be that we are not allowed to maintain that each moral proposition does correspond to some state of affairs. In that case, to settle the matter, we have to create some logical space of reasons in which moral propositions should be located. And this means that Hume's moral theory cannot be interpreted entirely naturaristically. I would indeed make it m y methodological rule to consider the moral matter from a naturalistic point of view as far as it is possible for us to do so, and treat moral proposition as something that can be true or false. But the rule is only a rule, so it cannot be a principle from which one can deduce anything material. Therefore, the interpretation of Hume as a naturalist can hold true, only if and as far as it would permit this circumstance. So my conclusion is rather an ironical one. The strategy of interpreting Hume's moral theory as a naturalistic one is viable, only if it argues that Hume's moral theory is in some sense not naturalistic. I defend a kind of expressivism.

著者

小林 麻衣子

出版者

日本イギリス哲学会

雑誌

イギリス哲学研究 (ISSN:03877450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.23-38, 2002-03-20 (Released:2018-04-25)

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The political thought of James VI has always been associated witn the divine right of kingship. However, the theory of divine kingship is merely one feature of his thought. James primarily developed his ideas under the influence of political realism that he encounterea in his youth. He then incorporated various elements of religious reformers' views and Renaissance humanism into his thought for the purpose of constructing strong kingship, which could not be threatened by any other entity. In this paper, I examine the historical context that influenced the development of James' thought and the characteristics of his thought—the obedience theory, Renaissance humanism, and political realism.

著者

星野 勉

出版者

日本イギリス哲学会

雑誌

イギリス哲学研究 (ISSN:03877450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.39-54, 2002-03-20 (Released:2018-04-25)

参考文献数

3

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We begin our pursuit of Hobbes's moral theory by considering whether he had a moral theory or not. For so many people have insisted that Hobbes did not have a moral theory, resting on the claim that he was a moral relativist or that he reduced morality to prudence. Then we examine influential modern interpretations, which have portrayed Hobbes's moral theory as either rule-egoism, moral contract theory, divine-command theory (or deontology), or virtue ethics, in order to throw diverse aspects of his moral theory into stark relief and to make clear what it really is. We conclude that his grotesque picture of modern state, ‘Leviathan’, which supports his moral theory, is an expression of his resignation to the impossibility of realizing of moral ideals.

著者

近藤 真史

出版者

日本イギリス哲学会

雑誌

イギリス哲学研究 (ISSN:03877450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.55-68, 2002-03-20 (Released:2018-04-25)

参考文献数

9

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The distinction between real and nominal essences is a very important one in Locke's Essay. With respect to substances, Locke insists that our nominal essences do not coincide with the real essences. The nominal essence is an abstract idea for which a general name stands. But his attitude towards the real essences of substances is very obscure. The problem is whether a real essence relates to a particular or to a sort. In Essay we find “the essences of sorts ... are nothing else but these abstract ideas”. Therefore, as some commentators show, it seems that only particular things have the real essences. In this paper I intend to show that Locke admits the possibility that real essences of substances apply to kinds of particulars.

著者

ホーコンセン クヌート

出版者

日本イギリス哲学会

雑誌

イギリス哲学研究 (ISSN:03877450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.69-88, 2002-03-20 (Released:2018-04-25)

著者

土屋 盛茂

出版者

日本イギリス哲学会

雑誌

イギリス哲学研究 (ISSN:03877450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.5-20, 2003-03-20 (Released:2018-04-25)

参考文献数

23

著者

朝広 謙次郎

出版者

日本イギリス哲学会

雑誌

イギリス哲学研究 (ISSN:03877450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.49-61, 2000-03-31 (Released:2018-04-25)

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Our faculties to believe are trustworthy. Thomas Reid's epistemology regards this self-confidence in the belief-faculties as metaprinciple of all the “first principles of contingent truths” (Intellectual Powers, VI. 5.) In this paper I clarify the systematic meaning of trust epistemology by reconsidering Hume's “total scepticism” (Treatise, I, IV, 1). Hume misunderstood his argument. Fallibility of our reasoning faculty does not lead to “total extinction” of our beliefs, but means at most negative “presumption” (Reid) in evaluating our beliefs. Epistemological naturalism (H. O. Mounce) attaches importance to the natural authority of reason, which Hume disregarded. Reid's trust epistemology embodies the consistent version of epistemological naturalism.

著者

高橋 和則

出版者

日本イギリス哲学会

雑誌

イギリス哲学研究 (ISSN:03877450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.63-81, 2000-03-31 (Released:2018-04-25)

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This paper aims to articulate Edmund Burke's concept of constitution. To articulate it, I suppose that it is necessary to compare it to the concept of constitution in the thought of modern law school. Then, we understand that Edmund Burke's concept of constitution should be recognised in the context of the common law tradition. And it is important to recognise the role of Revolution of 1688. At the same time, I maintain that Edmund Burke grounds the British constitution on the classical natural law.

著者

朝広 謙次郎

出版者

日本イギリス哲学会

雑誌

イギリス哲学研究 (ISSN:03877450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.83-86, 2000-03-31 (Released:2018-04-25)

著者

篠原 久

出版者

日本イギリス哲学会

雑誌

イギリス哲学研究 (ISSN:03877450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.87-90, 2000-03-31 (Released:2018-04-25)

著者

竹澤 祐丈

出版者

日本イギリス哲学会

雑誌

イギリス哲学研究 (ISSN:03877450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.5-19, 2001-03-20 (Released:2018-04-25)

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This paper intends to show, initially, that God as the Creator has significant functions in Harrington's preoccupations, altnough articulated differently from the religious enthusiasts amongst his contemporaries, and, then, that His relation with human beings influences to the constitutional arrangements of Harrington: the Bicameral System composed of the Senate Proposing and the Congregation Resolving. Through them, it demonstrated the positive aspects of his religious Component to be defined as a secularly articulated religiosity, and concluded that the understanding of Harrington's religious assumptions pursuing Freedom to Authority was indispensable in order to evaluate comprehensively his thought as a whole.

著者

嘉陽 英朗

出版者

日本イギリス哲学会

雑誌

イギリス哲学研究 (ISSN:03877450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.21-35, 2001-03-20 (Released:2018-04-25)

参考文献数

6

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In Restoration England, John Evelyn (1620-1706) published, corresponding to the Royal command (King Charles II), Fumifugium, or the Inconvenience of the Aer and Smoke of London Dissipated (1661), now widely appreciated as the first comprehensive monograph on the air pollution. Through his assiduous commitments towards medicine, chemistry, and horticulture, he identified systematically and appropriately the sources and harmful effects of the pollution problems, in no way inferior to the present level of scientific investigations. In this paper, the text itself is analysed fully with some comments, while contextualised into the intellectual milieux of the mid-seventeenth century.

著者

大川 繁則

出版者

日本イギリス哲学会

雑誌

イギリス哲学研究 (ISSN:03877450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.37-48, 2001-03-20 (Released:2018-04-25)

参考文献数

3

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This paper analyzes Hume's distinction between knowledge and probability in his Treatise. Many scholars believe that this distinction corresponds to the relationship between analytic and synthetic, a priori and a posteriori. However, if we direct our attintion to the concept of resemblance that Hume places in the category of knowledge, this correspondence is harder to see. The fact is, what distinguishes knowledge from probability is whether it is possible to imagine the negative case or not. This distinction is basically psychological but also includes other factors. This paper notes the knowledge of resemblance is equivalent to Wittgenstein's world-picture propositions.

著者

桜井 徹

出版者

日本イギリス哲学会

雑誌

イギリス哲学研究 (ISSN:03877450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.37-51, 1999-03-27 (Released:2018-04-25)

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Is it possible to regard epistemology as a discipline which is quite independent of social philosophy? This paper focuses on Hume and his precursors, and endeavours to show whether there is any correlation between their empirical theory of knowledge and their social philosophy. Regarding the theorists dealt with in this paper, I would like to submit that the empirical method which may lead to total scepticism about objective knowledge and morality has at least some psychological connection with the idea of the acceptance of existing social institutions.

著者

勢力 尚雅

出版者

日本イギリス哲学会

雑誌

イギリス哲学研究 (ISSN:03877450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.53-67, 1999-03-27 (Released:2018-04-25)

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This paper attempts to clarify the concept of “the party of humankind” by analysis of the three topics in Hume's moral philosophy. The first is the principle of sympathy and the identity as it regards the passions. The second is the general points of view and the proper point of view. The third is the speculative artifice and the philosophy of common life I intend to suggest that Hume causally explains why we can have and develop the sentiments of humanity and that his defence of morality deeply depends upon his study of human understanding and passions.

著者

中才 敏郎

出版者

日本イギリス哲学会

雑誌

イギリス哲学研究 (ISSN:03877450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.83-86, 1999-03-27 (Released:2018-04-25)

著者

輪島 達郎

出版者

日本イギリス哲学会

雑誌

イギリス哲学研究 (ISSN:03877450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.87-90, 1999-03-27 (Released:2018-04-25)

著者

松永 澄夫

出版者

日本イギリス哲学会

雑誌

イギリス哲学研究 (ISSN:03877450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.5-20, 2000-03-31 (Released:2018-04-25)