- 著者
-
中田 篤
- 出版者
- 北海道立北方民族博物館
- 雑誌
- 北海道立北方民族博物館研究紀要 (ISSN:09183159)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.25, pp.35-44, 2016 (Released:2020-01-31)
Domestic reindeer are used for works in northern Eurasia and for riding in the Taiga region. Unique saddles are required to ride reindeer, and saddles are also utilized for carrying load. Various types of reindeer saddles are used in Siberia. The focus of this article is on reindeer saddles used by the Even in Tompo District, Sakha Republic, and their appearance, structure, utilization, and manufacture are reported. Three types of reindeer saddles were found in the research: for load, for infants, and for riding. All of them have a common structure: two cushions connected by two arches. The structure of the saddle for load is the simplest, and it is used as a base to bind loads on the back of the deer. The saddle for infants has higher arches and wooden boards on both sides to prevent infants from falling off. The saddle for riding has larger cushions and a cover on the surf ace.
The manufacturing process of the saddle for riding is as follows. Worn-out reindeer fur is tanned, and two semicircular shapes are cut out from the fur. They are sewn together to make a leather bag. Then, a larch board is wrapped in the bag, which is stuffed with reindeer hair, to make a cushion. After the two cushions are finished, a cover made of the fur of two reindeer heads is sewn on the surface of the saddle. The arches are made of wood or reindeer antlers.
According to literature, the saddles described here are the Siberian type. However, since reindeer riders are distributed over a huge area and many local ethnic groups engage in reindeer riding, there is a variety of forms in their materials and styles. Therefore, it is worth collecting information about all variations of the equipment to understand the development of the manufacture of saddles for reindeer riding.